进口导叶与叶片扩压器匹配的实验研究

对扩压器进口不同安装角和进口导叶不同预旋角匹配下离心压缩机的性能进行了实验研究.研究表明:扩压器进口安装角最小值为7°时,压缩机性能对进口导叶预旋角不敏感;采用不同的扩压器进口安装角和不同进口导叶预旋角匹配调节时,压缩机所能达到的最高效率为86.0%,比单独调节进口导叶预旋角或扩压器进口安装角所能达到的效率高2%.效率提高的潜能可通过自由选择匹配的方式来加以实现.     

不同导叶预旋角下离心压缩机的时序效应

使用X热线热膜技术,在设计流量下研究了3个不同进口导叶预旋角的时序效应对离心压缩机非定常流场的影响.结果表明:时序效应会影响离心压缩机叶轮出口和扩压器进口的流场,该影响将随着叶轮出口的距离增加而减弱.对应不同的进口导叶预旋角,时序效应对离心压缩机非定常流场的影响有所不同.对于不同的导叶时序位置,进口导叶O°预旋角下集平均径向速度发生变化的流动区域范围最大,-20°预旋角下的其次,20°预旋角下的最小.不同的导叶时序位置的集平均绝对气流角在较大范围内存在差别,其中0°预旋角下集平均绝对气流最大变化角为1.6°,20°预旋角下的最大变化角为0.9°,-20°预旋角下的最大变化角为1.2°.不同导叶时序位置的扩压器进口时均绝对气流角在O°预旋角下相差1.3°,在20°预旋角下相差不足0.5°,在-20°预旋角下相差0.84°.     

叶片扩压器安装角对高负荷离心压气机流动及性能的影响

本文以某高负荷离心压气机为研究对象,运用三维粘性数值模拟方法考察了不同叶片扩压器进口安装角对离心压气机流动及性能的影响。分析结果显示,叶片扩压器进口安装角对离心压气机流动及性能影响很大,过小的安装角会造成流道堵塞,产生拉瓦尔喷管效应,使整级效率急剧降低。叶片扩压器在合适的安装角范围内,随着进口安装角的增大,压气机等熵效率变大,总压比升高,但工作裕度却逐渐减小。由此可知,叶片扩压器具体安装角的确定要根据效率、压比和工作裕度的综合考虑所定。     

级环境下离心压气机扩压器叶片气动优化设计

在级环境下采用人工神经网络和遗传算法在对设计工况下的离心压气机扩压器叶片型线进行了优化,并采用数值方法对优化前、后离心压气机级的气动性能进行了对比分析.结果表明:在设计工况下,优化后的叶片扩压器静压恢复系数提高了11.7%,总压损失系数减少了21.12%,离心压气机级绝热等熵效率提高1.64%,达到了86.01%;非设计工况下离心压气机的气动性能也有显著改善;优化后离心压气机级在设计转速下喘振裕度有所提高,阻塞裕度略有降低.     

高负荷离心压气机扩压器叶片前缘开槽参数化研究

针对离心压气机在近失速工况点运行时,扩压器进口气流角为正攻角,造成其吸力面发生流动分离,从而导致压气机发生失速甚至喘振等问题,为进一步扩大离心压气机的稳定工作范围,需对扩压器近失速工况点的流动分离进行抑制。以某高负荷离心压气机为研究对象,利用经过校核的数值模拟方法开展了扩压器叶片前缘开槽的参数化研究,详细探讨了开槽长度、深度对离心压气机性能、稳定裕度的影响规律,归纳总结了离心压气机扩压器的最佳开槽参数。研究结果表明:随着开槽深度、长度的增加,失速裕度有所提高但压气机性能有所下降;实际设计中开槽深度不应超过叶片高度的9%,最佳开槽长度不应超过叶片弦长的6%～12%;当扩压器开槽深度为叶片高度的3%、开槽长度为叶片弦长的6%～12%时,压气机性能最佳。扩压器开槽可有效抑制其通道内的流动分离,并提高压气机的失速裕度。     

不同导叶预旋角下离心压缩机径向间隙区雷诺应力的测量

使用X热膜技术,研究了离心压缩机设计流量下3个不同进口导叶预旋角对径向间隙区雷诺应力的影响.结果表明:进口导叶为-20°时,径向间隙区的湍流强度和雷诺应力最大,0°预旋角其次,20°预旋角最小;湍动能大的区域,相应的雷诺剪应力也较大.在3个预旋角下,10％和50％叶高处的时间平均径向雷诺应力均明显大于切向雷诺应力,显示出明显的流动各向异性,叶轮出口处的时间平均径向雷诺应力为切向雷诺应力的1.5倍以上,但在扩压器进口处减少到1.25倍左右;90％叶高处的时间平均径向雷诺应力和切向雷诺应力值相差不到10％,流动更接近各向同性.0°预旋角下流动的各向异性最强.研究显示,需要更好的湍流模型来预测流动中复杂的混合过程.     

离心压气机性能影响机理研究及优化

压气机作为航空发动机的核心器件,对发动机的流量和功率影响显著。与轴流压气机相比,离心压气机具有结构简单、制造方便以及单级压比高等特点,十分适用于流量较小、总压比不高的小型涡轴发动机。该文基于Concepts NREC对离心压气机的叶轮和扩压器在规定工况下进行整体设计,并对离心压气机进行三维数值模拟,研究典型参数对离心压气机的影响,对初步设计模型参数进行优化,得到在设计工况下离心压气机的理想模型。研究表明：适当降低进口轮毂比、适当减小叶轮叶根进口角、合理选择叶顶间隙数值和叶轮出口相对宽度对提升压气机的效率和压比有利,优化后的离心压气机效率最高可达0.831,对应压比为8.771,工作裕度为18.44%,效率比初步设计的离心压气机提高了4.79%,压比提高了3.68%。     

轮廓度与扭转角偏差对压气机气动性能的影响

压气机叶片实际加工过程中,会出现叶片轮廓度、扭转角等加工超差,对压气机气动性能产生影响。采用S1流面计算和三维数值计算的方法分别研究了轮廓度及扭转角偏差对亚音速压气机气动性能的影响,计算结果表明:轮廓度增大,叶型最小损失值增大;堵点流量逐渐降低,轮廓度为0. 08 mm时,堵点流量减小了1%;峰值效率逐渐降低,但降低幅度较小。扭转角偏差对性能的影响来自于前缘偏转对进口喉道面积与尾缘偏转对叶片出口气流角的改变;扭转角偏差对叶型最小损失值影响不大,±0. 35°扭转角偏差范围对叶片的低损失攻角范围影响较小;扭转角向前缘打开方向增大,流量-压比特性线向右上方平移;扭转角向前缘关闭方向增大,流量-压比特性线向左下方平移;扭转角偏差0. 35°,最大流量减小了0. 67%;扭转角偏差对峰值效率点的影响微弱。     

大预旋下离心压缩机进口结构与导叶掠角的改进研究

为了解决大预旋下进口导叶诱发流动损失而降低进口预旋调节经济性的问题,将原进口导叶截面中前缘掠角改为相对顶端型线呈前掠,同时将传统衔接进口导叶处进气管道的顶端形状改为锥面。改进结构下进口导叶内部的二次流克服了大预旋下离心力引发的进口轮盘侧的大规模分离状况,改善了叶轮进口段的熵增情况。预旋角分别为+60°、-60°时,改进结构在宽流量范围内可以有效提升离心压缩机多变效率和总压比性能,提升幅值随流量的增大而升高;在工况范围左边界基本保持不变的情况下,改进结构对大预旋下压缩机工况范围右边界的扩展效果明显。该结果表明,改进结构可以有效提升大预旋下压缩机的性能,具有良好的应用前景及推广潜力。     

叶片弯曲程度对离心压气机性能的影响

采用离心压气机计算机辅助集成设计系统设计直叶片、正弯叶片和反弯叶片3种离心压气机叶轮.对具有不同弯曲程度的叶轮内部流场进行三维粘性计算,给出了不同弯曲程度的计算结果,比较了进口中间叶高处具有1.5 mm正弯和反弯叶形叶片压力面和吸力面上的熵分布.计算结果表明,进口正弯叶轮绝热效率略高于进口反弯叶轮的绝热效率;出口正弯和出口反弯叶轮绝热效率基本相同;叶形弯曲对小型离心压气机叶轮效率影响很小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the