热致性液晶共聚酯PET/PHB的相态研究(Ⅰ)

用 X 射线衍射仪法、广角 X 射线行射照相法,同时借助 DSC、偏光显微镜,对 PET/PHB 液晶共聚酯摩尔比为40/60体系在液晶温区中的结构作了研究。结果表明,270℃开始出现向列型液晶;280℃～300℃温区中 PHB 微晶已完全熔融,向列型液晶的局部有序区尚未产生物理形态分离,此时的取向度最高,是纺丝的较理想的温区。该体系在熔体中的 PET 以液晶的局部有序微区的介质形式存在,与液晶微区有一定的相互作用,其结构有序性与纯 PET 无定形有所不同。     

鱿鱼顶骨β—壳聚糖的液晶性

用广角X光衍射、扫描电子显微镜和偏光显微镜研究由鱿鱼顶骨制备的β－壳聚糖与由蟹壳制备的α－壳聚糖的结晶结构和液晶行为。两种壳聚糖在二氯乙酸中形成液晶的临界浓度基本相同,说明具有相同的链刚性。β－壳聚糖临界浓度实验值（9wt%)与理论预计值（10wt%)相符。另一方面,β－壳聚糖比α－壳聚糖在二氯乙酸中能形成更为有序的取向态液晶织构。解释为β－壳聚糖的结晶度和微纤化程度均比α－壳聚糖高,在形成液晶溶液时发生“结构滞后”现象。     

羊毛原纤体增强角蛋白膜的力学性能表征

基于羊毛微细结构,仿生制备了微-亚微尺度的原纤增强角蛋白膜,并以此为试样表征了该同质复合膜和增强体原纤的力学性能.试验发现,羊毛原纤的增强效果明显,复合膜的模量和强度相对未增强角蛋白膜有大幅提高.在同样的混合比下,光滑尖端原纤仅使膜的断裂伸长率略有降低；而采用分叉头端原纤作为增强体,增强、增韧效果同时改善.另采用修正混合法则,对微尺度羊毛光滑尖端原纤和分叉头端原纤的强度、模量和剪切强度进行了估算.     

Lyocell原纤化机理研究的新进展

总结了近年来对Ｌｙｏｃｅｌｌ纤维原纤化机理的一些研究工作，认为横向连接的原纤或高结晶高取向结构仅是原纤化产生的必要而非充分原因，控制原纤化的关键在于稳定基纤束的形成。并提出气隙和凝固浴是影响和控制Ｌｙｏｃｅｌｌ纤维原纤化结构的两个关键场所。     

碳纤维增强TLCP复合材料的结构与性能

用不同类型的碳纤维(CF)增强热致性液晶聚合物(TLCP)制备了高性能复合材料;探讨了纤维含量、纤维类型对复合材料力学性能和微观结构的影响.实验结果表明,CF(连续纤维)/TLCP复合材料的拉伸强度最大可达385 MPa,比纯液晶材料提高60%;弯曲强度最大为242 MPa,冲击强度达到29 912 J@m-2,布氏硬度为20,热变形温度高达203℃.CF/TLCP复合材料的力学性能受纤维类型的影响,连续碳纤维布增强的复合材料各项力学性能指标高于短切碳纤维增强复合材料.扫描电镜结果证实了液晶聚合物在加工过程中沿纤维方向发生自取向,形成了微纤结构,具有自增强作用.     

阳离子表面活性剂/正丁醇/正癸烷/水体系的相行为研究

绘制了C12NBr／正丁醇／正癸烷／水的拟三元体系相图．确定了它们区域边界范围，用电导法测定了微乳液区域内微乳液结构的变化过程．在液晶区域内选取一系列样品点，用^2HNMR和差示扫描量热法(DSC)与液晶纹理相互补充和对照，研究了该体系的液晶结构特点．结果表明：在恒定温度下，随含水量增加，体系的液晶相结构发生如下变化，从层状→层状与六角状液晶共存→层状、六角状与立方状液晶共存→立方状液晶→微乳液．当组成固定时，体系的液晶相结构随温度的变化也发生变化．     

液晶聚合物分子排列调控的研究进展

液晶的应用不仅仅局限于电视或电脑,具有光响应性的液晶在许多领域都存在应用,如平板显示、光学领域、光驱动设备以及许多正在发展的微科技领域. 液晶作为一种中间相的物质,既表现出了液体的流动性,又具有晶态的分子规整排列的性质. 液晶软物质材料具有许多有趣的性质,如自组装性质;长程有序的流动性;分子协同作用;双折射性质和物理性质（光、力、和电）的各向异性;外场诱导的表面分子取向;以及液晶弹性体的刺激响应性形变. 文中综述了具有不同液晶分子取向排列的液晶聚合物的刺激响应性形变,着重介绍了光取向技术诱导液晶分子取向的液晶聚合物的刺激响应性形变行为,并展望了未来液晶材料的设计在微流体和微型机器人领域的潜在应用.     

取向高聚物的抗张强度对其形态结构和起始分子量分布依赖性的研究——一种从实验上来测定理论强度的新方法

采用以自增强高聚物(超高分子量聚乙烯和液晶)的非晶区中伸直应力集中链系数作为自变量,建立了等速形变下微区伸直应力集中链(Taut Tie Molecule和/或Trapped Entarglement Chain)的断链动力学方程,经积分和化简后,得到了自增强高聚物的抗张强度同其形态结构、起始分子量和其分布、成型工艺和断裂时间等最一般化定量关系式。当引入起始分子量和成型过程中牵伸化趋近于很大后,再同光子强度理论结果相结合,最后得到超高取向高聚物的抗张强度同理论强度、微区中伸直应力集中链(TTM和/或TEC)的重量分数和热涨落等间的定量关系式。基于该式建议一种从等形变实验来测定取向高聚物理论强度新方法,用该法测定了聚乙烯和尼龙6的理论强度,并讨论了液晶的抗张强度同起始分子量分布的依赖性。     

液晶取向技术

介绍了液晶光开关的基本原理及其在光通信和信息显示领域的应用.从取向层材料、取向原理、取向工艺等方面综述了几种液晶取向技术:摩擦取向技术、光控取向技术、倾斜蒸镀法以及LB膜法,并阐述其优缺点.最后对未来的取向技术做一个展望.     

高分子液晶膜的形成及其氧氮渗透性

应用偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、ＤＳＣ以及测定氧氮渗透性，对乙基纤维素液晶溶液和低分子液晶共混膜在电场下取向膜和非取膜的结构和性能进行研究，结果表明：高分子液晶和低分子液晶在电场下的均发生排列取向，渗透系数提高，渗透比稍微降低；各向同性溶液在电场下不发生取向；撤离电场后，发生部分分解取向，解取向程度与ＭＢＨｐＡ的含量和实验温度有磋。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-