考虑分阶段受力的粘钢加固钢筋混凝土梁抗弯承载力计算

粘钢加固钢筋混凝土受弯构件,加固前原构件截面已存在应变和应力,而新粘钢板在新增荷载下开始受力,桥梁构件具有不同受力阶段的特点。现有《公路桥梁加固设计规范》中未给出T形截面梁粘贴钢板加固受弯构件正截面承载能力计算公式,而且也不能反映各阶段材料的受力特点。本文根据粘贴钢板加固钢筋混凝土T形截面梁发生适筋破坏,建立了正截面极限承载力计算公式,并对粘贴钢板的应力取值进行了分析,在常用的粘贴钢板厚度内,可直接取钢板的抗拉强度设计值。并根据平截面假定,建立了各阶段混凝土、钢筋和钢板应力的计算公式,材料的最终应力按叠加原理计算得到。算例分析表明,本文所建立的正截面抗弯承载力计算公式可行,可供桥梁加固设计参考。     

钢板和碳纤维布加固不同损伤状态下受弯构件的荷载试验研究

基于钢板加固和碳纤维布加固完好状态下和正常使用极限损伤状态下的受弯构件的破坏荷载试验,研究钢筋混凝土受弯构件在采用粘贴钢板加固和粘贴碳纤维布加固措施后,其挠度、裂缝及应变等的发展变化规律.对比分析完好状态下和正常使用极限损伤状态下采用不同的加固方式,受弯构件极限承载力提高幅度的差异并将受弯构件的其他力学控制指标进行对比分析,综合检验评定其加固效果.试验结果表明:两种加固措施对提高在不同损伤状态下的钢筋混凝土受弯构件的抗弯承载力都具有显著效果,但完好情况下的加固效果优于受损情况,钢板加固措施优于碳纤维布加固.     

锈蚀梁钢板加固后可靠指标提高量分析与计算

为了研究锈蚀梁粘贴钢板加固后可靠指标的提高量,依托锈蚀梁加固前后承载力试验研究,根据锈蚀钢筋与混凝土的粘结系数以及9根锈蚀后加固试验梁的实测弯矩值,拟合了钢板与锈蚀RC梁的协同工作系数。根据拟合结果建立了锈蚀梁加固完成时抗力计算模型,依据误差传递公式得出了抗力的均值和方差的计算公式,用JC法迭代计算了锈蚀梁加固前后可靠指标提高量,计算对比分析了保护层厚度、钢筋锈蚀率和加固钢板厚度对可靠度提升的影响,并进行了参数敏感性分析。研究结果表明,保护层厚度和钢筋锈蚀率对锈蚀梁可靠指标提高量影响较小;钢板厚度对结构可靠指标提高量影响较大,板厚从3 mm变到5mm,结构可靠指标提高量增加了近1倍。     

结构抗震承载力利用系数的可靠度校核

广东省的地方性标准DBJ15-92—2013《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》的抗震性能设计在国家现行的抗震设计规范的基础上进行改进,采用按设防烈度地震(中震)计算地震作用,引入承载力利用系数考虑构件的延性能力,来进行构件的承载力设计.为验证新的抗震承载力计算公式的可靠性,采用一次二阶矩方法对计算公式进行可靠度分析,研究了荷载比(地震作用标准值效应与重力荷载效应比值)、性能水准、设防烈度、构件受力类型等因素对可靠度的影响.结果表明:在同一性能水准下构件可靠指标和可靠性概率大小所遵从的规律为受压构件受剪构件受弯构件受拉构件,符合"强剪弱弯"的概念设计要求;荷载比和构件重要性系数对构件可靠度有显著的影响,设防烈度对构件可靠度的影响不大.     

S280冷轧薄板冷弯超薄壁型钢构件设计可靠度分析

基于国内厚度不大于2mm的S280冷轧薄钢板材性数据、S280冷弯薄壁型钢构件的几何尺寸数据以及已完成的轴压、偏压、受弯构件承载力试验数据,对厚度不大于2mm的S280冷弯超薄壁型钢构件的强度不定性、几何特性不定性、计算模式不定性进行分析.采用改进的一次二阶矩法,按现有规范的抗力分项系数计算了各类基本构件在不同可能荷载组合下的可靠指标.结果表明:对于厚度不大于2mm的S280冷弯超薄壁型钢构件,当宽厚比符合规范要求时,按现有规范的抗力分项系数计算得到的可靠指标均能满足目标可靠度的要求.最后给出了厚度不大于2mm的S280冷弯超薄壁型钢的强度设计指标建议值.     

公路钢桥结构受弯构件的可靠度校准分析

采用GB／J50283—1999《公路工程结构可靠度设计统一标准》推荐的一次二阶矩法（JC法）对现行JTJ025—86《公路桥涵钢结构及木结构设计规范》中公路钢桥结构的受弯构件进行了可靠度校准分析．得出了现行规范中公路钢桥受弯构件的可靠指标，为新规范的制定提供了参考和依据．     

二次受力下粘贴加固受弯构件承载力计算

根据粘贴加固的桥梁受弯构件中各种材料的应力-应变关系和平截面假定,归纳总结了二次受力条件下影响的粘贴加固受弯构件的正截面承载力计算方法。对二次受力下粘贴加固受弯构件正截面承载力的影响进行了分析,并给出了算例。     

组合加固受损钢筋混凝土简支T梁抗剪性能试验

为探究受损钢筋砼简支T梁组合加固后的抗剪性能,通过对四片受损钢筋砼T梁进行钢板-混凝土组合加固并实施抗剪承载力试验的方法,得到构件的极限承载力和受剪破坏形态,分析了加载全过程加固钢板、植筋、栓钉的应力变化规律及结合面处的相对滑移。试验结果表明：加固钢板与新浇混凝土连接面处工作性能良好,而新旧混凝土连接面处容易产生开裂,在原梁混凝土表面凿毛以及采用较高的侧向加固钢板都可以使加固后结构的抗剪承载力得到提高。     

构件抗力与多层钢框架结构抗倒塌能力的关联性分析

讨论构件抗力与结构抗力的关联性,分别给出不同结构参数下(层数与跨数)层间抗弯能力、层间水平约束以及大变形阶段层间极限轴力的计算模型。借助构件性能指标并结合各层构件的实际受力状态(包括拉弯、受弯和压弯),得到多层框架起始屈服抗力、最终屈服抗力与极限抗力的计算式。通过可靠的数值模型对多层钢框架模型抗力评估过程的3个步骤进行验证与分析。研究结果表明,多层框架层间内力主要体现为小变形阶段层间抗弯能力与大变形阶段层间轴力的差异;计算结果与数值结果较为接近,该理论方法可体现层间内力的相互作用并建立构件与结构抗力之间的关系,为多层钢框架抗倒塌能力的评估与计算提供参考。     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的裂缝研究

裂缝特征是反映钢筋混凝土构件正常使用极限状态的一个重要指标.制作了37片不同钢筋类型和配筋率的钢筋混凝土梁,通过外加电流的方法使其加速锈蚀,并通过电流强度、通电时间控制其锈蚀率.讨论了试件在静载试验中的裂缝开展过程及特点.通过与《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTGD62-2004)和《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010-2002)相关公式进行对比分析,建立了钢筋锈蚀率与平均裂缝间距、裂缝宽度的关系.试验研究结果表明,锈蚀率较小时,钢筋混凝土受弯构件的裂缝特征与普通钢筋混凝土构件相同;而锈蚀率较大时,裂缝间距变大,宽度增加.该结果可用于锈蚀钢筋混凝土受弯构件承载力的评估.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.