有机-无机杂化复合铋膜电极溶出伏安法测痕量镉、铅离子

将铋和聚苯胺共沉积在玻碳电极上制备了杂化膜,然后在杂化膜上沉积一层铋膜,制备了一种新颖的电化学传感器——有机-无机杂化复合铋膜电极(HCBiFE),用于痕量重金属离子Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的检测(0.1mol/L醋酸缓冲溶液,pH 4.7).优化了镀膜条件、离子测试参数.在1～90 μg·L-1的浓度范围内,两离子溶出峰电流与浓度呈现出良好的线性关系,富集时间120 s时,Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的检测限分别低至0.2,0.5μg·L-1.该复合膜具有很好的稳定性和重现性,能够抗机械剥蚀、不易脱落,对50 μg·L-1的Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)连续测定50次,相对标准偏差分别为4.3％,6.1％.30 d后,该复合膜电极对Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)溶出峰电流分别下降3.2％,4.9％,表明该复合膜电极性能稳定,有望应用于环境水体的现场监测.     

新型铋膜电极溶出伏安法测定痕量重金属元素

用碳纳米管-Nafion-铋膜修饰电极溶出伏安法测定了痕量重金属元素Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ).考察并优化了同时测定Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的条件.结果表明:在0.1 mol/L HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液(pH=4.5)和-1.20 V条件下搅拌富集120 s,Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)在碳纳米管-Nafion-铋膜修饰电极上可得到灵敏的溶出峰;采用2.5次微分阳极溶出法测定时,预富集10 min的Pb(Ⅱ)检测限为10 ng/L,Cd(Ⅱ)检测限为15 ng/L.     

同位镀锑方波溶出伏安法测定痕量铅、镉

采用同位镀锑膜法修饰玻碳电极(GCE),用方波溶出伏安法(SWSV)对痕量铅、镉同时进行了测定.在最优的实验条件下,Pb、Cd分别在-0.5,-0.78 V(vs Ag/AgCl)附近产生灵敏的溶出峰,当Pd、Cd的质量浓度分别在5~110μg·L-1范围内时,峰电流与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为1.2μg·L-1和0.8μg·L-1.利用该法测定大米中的镉,相对标准偏差在2.6%~3.5%,并与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)做了对比,测定结果良好.     

复合锑膜修饰铜电极溶出伏安法测定水中痕量镉、铅

制备了一个铜锑合金层过渡的锑膜修饰铜电极,用于水中镉和铅的检测.该电极以铜电极为基底,先利用循环伏安法得到铜锑合金层,然后在合金层表面沉积一层锑膜.研究了电沉积和操作参数对溶出峰电流的影响.在浓度范围1~100μg/L的Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)溶液中,该电极显示出良好的线性关系,线性相关系数分别为0.996 0和0.995 2.铜基复合锑膜电极对Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的检出限分别为0.25μg/L和0.08μg/L(信噪比为3).该电极具有成本低、易制作、稳定、低毒、重现性好等优点,有望应用于环境水质的现场监测.     

铋膜电极微分电位溶出法测定螺旋藻中铅的研究

建立了镀铋膜电极替代镀汞膜电极微分电位溶出分析(DPSA)测定铅的方法,考查了同位镀铋膜测定铅的条件.结果表明,铅可在镀铋膜电极上产生灵敏的微分电位溶出峰,并据此建立了螺旋藻中铅的同位镀铋微分电位溶出法.     

纳米金修饰硅纳米线电极阳极溶出法测定痕量铅、铜

以浸入沉积的方法在硅纳米线上修饰了金纳米颗粒,并通过电子扫描显微镜（SEM）和X射线荧光分析（XRF）对金纳米粒子修饰的硅纳米线电极表面形貌进行了表征.以修饰后的硅纳米线电极作为工作电极,采用阳极溶出法检测水中痕量铅和铜,考察pH值、富集电位和富集时间对溶出峰的影响,优化出最佳实验条件.在优化的实验条件下,铅Pb2＋和铜Cu2＋的灵敏度分别为0.649μA/（μg.L-1）和0.177μA/（μg.L-1）.检测极限达到0.26μg.L-1和0.67μg.L-1.峰电流与离子浓度在质量浓度25~200μg.L-1的范围内形成良好的线性关系.     

氢氧化镍/过氧化聚吡咯修饰电极的制备及电催化氧化

采用电化学方法制备了纳米氢氧化镍/过氧化聚吡咯复合膜修饰电极(Nano-Ni(OH)2/PPyox),研究了该修饰电极的电化学性质及其电催化活性.结果表明:在0.10 mol·L-1 NaOH溶液中,该修饰电极对葡萄糖具有较强的电催化活性,且具有良好的抗干扰性.在优化实验条件下,安培法检测葡萄糖的线性范围为2.0×10-7 ～5.0×10-5 mol·L-1(r =0.999 7)和5.0×10-5～1.0×10-3 mol·L-1(r=0.999 4),灵敏度分别为1017 μA·mM-1 ·cm-2和733 μA·mM-1·cm-2.     

碳纳米管/石墨烯/铋膜修饰碳糊电极测定铅和镉

用碳纳米管(CNT)、石墨烯(GR)、铋膜修饰碳糊电极构建碳纳米管石墨烯铋膜修饰碳糊电极(CNT/GR/Bi/CPE),并用差分脉冲伏安(DPV)法测定了铅和镉的含量。在最优条件:电解质缓冲底液p H为5.5,沉积时间50 s,沉积电位-1.3 V,用碳纳米管石墨烯铋膜修饰碳糊电极(CNT/GR/Bi/CPE)同时测定Pb2+和Cd2+得线性方程分别为:IPb2+(A)=-5.8202?10-6-1.0342c(mol/L)(R=0.9978);ICd2+(A)=-3.9781?10-6-1.3651c(mol/L)(R=0.9923),线性范围分别为1~15μmol/L和2~16μmol/L,Pb2+、Cd2+的检出限分别为:6.67?10-7 mol/L;3.33?10-7 mol/L。本方法操作简单且修饰电极稳定性、重现性好易于进行检测铅镉离子。     

聚L-组氨酸/石墨烯复合膜修饰电极对多巴胺和尿酸的同时测定

采用循环伏安法制备了聚L-组氨酸/石墨烯复合膜修饰电极(poly-(L-His)/ERGO/GCE),研究了抗坏血酸(AA)、多巴胺(DA)和尿酸(UA)在该修饰电极上的电化学性质.研究结果表明:AA、DA和UA在该修饰电极上具有良好的电化学响应,且这3种物质的氧化峰能完全分离.据此建立了在大量AA存在下同时测定DA和UA的新方法,微分脉冲伏安法测定DA和UA的线性范围分别为3.0×10-7～3.0×10-5 mol·L-1和5.0×10-7～3.0×10-5 mol·L-1,检出限分别为3.0×10-7和5.0×10-7 mol·L-1.     

石墨烯/壳聚糖修饰玻碳电极 测定水样中痕量铜离子

采用控制电位电解法,在玻碳电极((GCE)上进行石墨烯(GN)/壳聚糖(CS)修饰膜的电沉积,将制得的膜修饰电极GN/CS/GCE在0.1 mol·L-1的HAc-NaAc电解液(pH=4.2)于-0.5 V(vs.SCE)电位下富集Cu2+,并用差分脉冲溶出伏安法测定.结果表明,该膜修饰电极对Cu2+的富集作用明显强...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.