人类乙型肝炎样病毒Pre—S1包膜蛋白的一个特定区域为乙肝病毒形成所必需

土拨鼠肝炎病毒（WHV）是一种哺乳类动物的肝炎病毒．这种病毒在结构和抗原怕与人类乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）非常相似．以往的研究报告指出,在一种称为鸭乙型肝炎病毒（DHBV）的Pre－S包膜蛋白中,含有一个特定区域．这一区域由天冬氨酸－天冬氨酸－脯氨酸－亮氨酸－亮氨酸（DDPLL）5个氨基酸残基所组成．已发现,这一区域在像DHBV这一类禽类乙肝病毒的病毒装配和分泌时所必需的（LenhoffR,SummersJ．JVirol,1994,68：4565～4571）．在WHV的Pre－S包胰蛋白中第201个氨基酸到第205个氨基酸所包含的顺序,甘氨酸－天冬氨酸－脯氨…     

Hsp16.3中一个高度保守疏水残基的定点突变

结核杆菌小分子热休克蛋白Ｈｓｐ１６．３为一由三个三聚体组成的寡聚蛋白,并具有分子伴娘活性（Ｃｈａｎｇｅｔａｌ．,Ｊ．Ｂｉｏｌ．Ｃｈｅｍ．,１９９６,２７１：７２１８～７２２３）。为研究高度保守疏水片段中高度保守疏水亮氨酸残基（Ｌｅｕ１２１）对寡聚体结构和活性的影响,该残基被分别定点突变成天冬氨酸（Ａｓｐ）、天冬酰胺（Ａｓｎ）、缬氨酸（Ｖａｌ）和丙氨酸（Ａｌａ）等。结果发现当Ｌｅｕ１２１被突变成Ｖａｌ和Ａｌａ时,通过ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ凝胶电泳检测仍可见重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中的高水平表达,而当被突变成Ａｓｐ和Ａｓｎ时,在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ胶上,见不到Ｈｓｐ１６．３蛋白带。表明该残基可能对寡聚蛋白的结构稳定起重要作用。     

马立克氏病病毒meq基因功能研究

从马立克氏病病毒（MDV）不同致病型毒株meq基因序列，meq基因产物及其细胞内表达特性和meq蛋白生物学功能的研究探讨马立克氏病病毒致瘤基因meq功能。完成了648A,CV1988/Rispens,814，广西地方毒株G2，N，0093，0095，0297，0304共9个MDV毒株meq基因的序列测定。MDV不同致病型毒株的meq基因序列相对比较保守，它们相互间核苷酸和氨基酸序列的同源性均很高；与所有7个致瘤的MDV毒株相比，在2个MDV-1弱毒疫苗CV1988/Rispens株和814株发现有二个特征性位点突变。此外，还在其ORF中首次发现含15个氨基酸残基（EELCAQLCSTPPPPI）的2个重复和含6个氨基酸残基（PPICTP）的4个重复，全分布在MEQ蛋白C-端的转录激活域内。MEQ蛋白的表达仅局限于感染细胞的核内，而且随感染时间增加。具有从核质向核仁和核膜转移趋向；Western Blotting和免疫沉淀试验证实重组杆状病毒感染细胞裂解物中有大小约为60kD的特异带，利用表达的MEQ蛋白产物免疫BALB/c小鼠，获得的杂交瘤细胞被克隆并与MDV感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）做免疫荧光试验（FA），获得4株稳定产生抗MEQ蛋白单克隆抗体（McAb)的杂交瘤细胞，其中3G12E6单克隆抗体能够检测到MDV致瘤株感染的CEF及自然MD肿瘤细胞中表达的meq基因产物，而CV1988/Rispens感染的细胞则未检测到，发现细胞内表达的meq基因产物可明显促进MDVGA株对体外培养细胞的感染及增殖。研究结果表明，meq基因在感染细胞内的表达水平是MDV增殖和致病，致瘤的分子基因。     

大豆分离蛋白水解多肽聚集物的组成及相互作用

研究了大豆分离蛋白（SPI）的枯草杆菌蛋白酶水解产物的聚集作用，以及参与聚集组分的氨基酸组成及其相互作用．十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）和SE—HPLC分析显示，SPI的枯草杆菌蛋白酶降解产物大部分为分子质量小于6．5ku的小分子组分，聚集物主要由这些小分子组分组成．聚集物可溶于脲素、盐酸胍或SDS，而难溶于β-巯基乙醇．氨基酸分析显示聚集物中的疏水性氨基酸含量高于SPI．说明疏水相互作用是聚集物形成的主要推动力，氢键、静电引力参与稳定聚集物的结构，而二硫键很少参与聚集物的形成．文中还从蛋白质分子结构的角度，探讨了SPI的枯草杆菌蛋白酶水解多肽的聚集机理．     

人类SSX基因族简介

人类的SSX基因家庭包括5个成员，SSX1，SSX2，SSX3，SSX4和SSX5，它们都位于X染体色上，这5个基因有很高的序列同源性：碱基序列有885－95％同源；所编码188个氨基酸残基构成的蛋白质有77％－91％同源，它们所编码的蛋白质中含有KRAB（Kruppel associated box），SSX蛋白质也是癌／睾丸抗原（CT：Cencer/testis antingns)中的成员，研究SSX基因结构，基因表达等对于肿瘤免疫疗法的建立具有重要意义。     

蛋白质结构中氨基酸残基聚集体的识别与分析

在蛋白质结构中，氨基酸残基并不是单独行使其功能．几个残基通常聚集在一起，共同承担生物学角色．本文通过对蛋白质结构内残基的空间分布进行分析，提取出从两个残基到五个残基的组合，并统计出它们出现的频率和频率分布．二元组在维系蛋白质三级结构中起重要作用，而三元组、四元组和五元组与蛋白质的功能有着密切的关系．这些多元组可为蛋白质结构及功能的研究提供必要的信息．     

东洞庭湖区5种野生鱼类氨基酸营养成分分析

测定东洞庭湖区5种野生鱼类（草鱼、鲫鱼、鲤鱼、鲶鱼、黄颡鱼）的氨基酸营养成分,分析其氨基酸种类及比例,并对它们的营养价值进行评价．结果表明,所测定5种野生鱼类蛋白质含量均较高,氨基酸种类齐全,比例合理,是人类理想的优质蛋白源．     

美确认一种可抑制艾滋病病毒的蛋白

美国国家卫生研究院（NIH）的科学家在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）病患的血液中,确认了新型的HIV抑制蛋白。在实验室的研究中,这种名为CXCL4或PF-4的蛋白质可与HIV直接结合,使其无法依附或进入人体细胞。相关研究报告发表在近日出版的美国《国家科学院学报》上。     

暗纹东方鲀线粒体ATPase8和ATPase6基因的克隆与序列分析

克隆并测定了暗纹东方鲍（Takifugu fasciatus）线粒体ATP合酶Fo亚基8（ATPase8）和亚基6（ATPase6）的序列,并对其进行了初步分析。结果表明：PCR扩增产物的总长度为923bp,其中842bp为ATP8和ATP6基因的编码区。ATP8基因长168bp,编码55个氨基酸残基的蛋白质,其蛋白分子质量为6．8KD,等电点为7．85;ATP6基因长684bp,编码227个氨基酸残基的蛋白质,其蛋白分子质量为24．9KD,等电点为9．16。暗纹东方纯ATP合酶Fo亚基8和亚基6与其他已报道的部分东方纯属鱼类具有很高的同源性。通过探讨ATP合酶F0亚基所含的信息量,发现相对于其他线粒体基因,ATPase8和ATPase6基因所含鉴别信息较少。     

Frequent activation of N-myc genes by hepadnavirus insertion in woodchuck liver tumours

The recent finding of c-myc activation by insertion of woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA in two independent hepatocellular carcinoma has given support to the hypothesis that integration of hepatitis B viruses into the host genome, observed in most human and woodchuck liver tumours, might contribute to oncogenesis. We report here high frequency of woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA integrations in two newly identified N-myc genes: N-myc1, the homologue of known mammalian N-myc genes, and N-myc2, an intronless 'complementary DNA gene' or 'retroposon' that has retained extensive coding and transforming homology with N-myc. N-myc2 is totally silent in normal liver, but is overexpressed without genetic rearrangements in most liver tumours. Moreover, viral integrations occur within either N-myc1 or N-myc2 in about 20% of the tumours, giving rise to chimaeric messenger RNAs in which the 3' untranslated region of N-myc was replaced by woodchuck hepatitis virus sequences encompassing the viral enhancer. Insertion sites were clustered in a short sequence of the third exon that coincides with a retroviral integration hotspot within the murine N-myc gene, recently described in T-cell lymphomas induced by murine leukaemia virus. Thus, comparable mechanisms, leading to deregulated expression of N-myc genes, may operate in the development of tumours induced either by hepatitis virus or by nonacute retroviruses in rodents. Activation of myc genes by insertion of hepadnavirus DNA now emerges as a common event in the genesis of woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma.     

Cloning and identification of measles virus receptor gene from marmoset cells

The measles virus (MV) strains with mutated hemagglutinin gene (ha) lost the capacity to infect its sensitive host cells (Vero cells), but it may infect the marmoset B-lymphoblastoid cell line B95a. From above, we can presume that there is a novel cellular receptor for those measles virus strains on B95a cell s. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we screened and cloned a novel gene--bip (B-lympho- blastoid interaction protein of marmoset) from B95a cell cDNA library, which encoded a protein interacting with measles virus hemagglutinin protein (Ha). The bip cDNA was 1540 base pairs in length and contained a unique open rea ding frame (ORF) of 1011 base pairs encoding a transmembrane protein of 337 amino acid residues. The primary structure of amino acids residue is predicted that the Bip comprised a hydrophobic transmembrane domain and a hydrophobic leader region. The researches about the deletion mutants showed that the deletion of tran smembrane domain in Bip did not affect the interaction between Bip and Ha protei ns. Expression of bip in measles virus non-permissive cell line--CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells was performed to prove that CHO/Bip can be infected by meas les virus and then turned to the MV permissive cells. We concluded that the bip gene is a novel measles virus receptor gene in marmoset B-lymphoblastoid cells.     

Myristylation of picornavirus capsid protein VP4 and its structural significance

We have obtained evidence that poliovirus and other picornavirus particles are specifically modified by having myristic acid covalently bound to a capsid protein. The electron density map of poliovirus confirms the position of the myristate molecule and defines its location in the virus particle. Analogies with other myristylated proteins suggest that the myristate moiety in picornaviruses may be involved in capsid assembly or in the entry of virus into cells.     

High-resolution structure of a retroviral capsid hexameric amino-terminal domain

Retroviruses are the aetiological agents of a range of human diseases including AIDS and T-cell leukaemias. They follow complex life cycles, which are still only partly understood at the molecular level. Maturation of newly formed retroviral particles is an essential step in production of infectious virions, and requires proteolytic cleavage of Gag polyproteins in the immature particle to form the matrix, capsid and nucleocapsid proteins present in the mature virion. Capsid proteins associate to form a dense viral core that may be spherical, cylindrical or conical depending on the genus of the virus. Nonetheless, these assemblies all appear to be composed of a lattice formed from hexagonal rings, each containing six capsid monomers. Here, we describe the X-ray structure of an individual hexagonal assembly from N-tropic murine leukaemia virus (N-MLV). The interface between capsid monomers is generally polar, consistent with weak interactions within the hexamer. Similar architectures are probably crucial for the regulation of capsid assembly and disassembly in all retroviruses. Together, these observations provide new insights into retroviral uncoating and how cellular restriction factors may interfere with viral replication.     

锌指蛋白ZNF191(243-368)G321A;N324L;G321A/N324L突变体的制备和表征

通过分子生物学的蛋白质工程方法对锌指蛋白ZNF191(243—368)的第三锌指区(Gly321和Asn324进行了定点突变，在大肠杆菌BL21中表达，通过DEAE52，CM23，肝素柱CL-6B纯化，最终获得了ZNF191(243—368)(G321A；N324L；G321A／N324L等3个突变体蛋白，运用凝胶电泳、UV光谱、EDTA滴定、金属离子(Co^2’，Ni^2 )取代等方法对突变体蛋白进行了初步表征，这为今后进一步研究该蛋白的结构和功能提供了必要的物质基础。     

同义密码子用语与蛋白质二级结构信息

对人体117个蛋白质和大肠杆菌的185个蛋白质的各二级结构相对应的mRNA序列中的同义密码子与氨基酸上下文关联熵、蛋白质序列中氨基酸与氨基酸上下文关联熵作了统计分析，发现密码子关联确实比氨基酸关联对蛋白质二级结构提供的信息量大，而且人蛋白质中同义密码子提供的二级结构信息比大肠杆菌中多．同时，证明了在相对信息剩余大于等于30％的情况下，Adzhubei给出的九种氨基酸中的八种其同义密码子在某些二级结构中明显的携带结构信息；此外A，N，D，R，H，C，Y这几种氨基酸的同义密码子在某些二级结构中也明显地携带结构信息．     

Myristic acid is coupled to a structural protein of polyoma virus and SV40

In the lytic cycle of papova viruses, both uncoating of the viral genome after infection and assembly of functional virions take place in the cell nucleus. The mechanisms by which newly internalized virions are targeted to the nucleus and viral DNA encapsidated into particles are poorly understood. Although the major capsid protein VP1 is involved in endocytosis, and largely defines virion structure, the functions of the minor proteins VP2 and VP3 have remained obscure. Here we show that VP2 from both polyoma virus and simian virus 40 (SV40) is covalently linked to myristic acid; this is the first report of a myristylated protein in the nucleus and of a fatty acid being important in the structure of a nonenveloped virus. We consider the implications of this unusual modification on encapsidation and suggest that VP2 may be a scaffolding protein for virion assembly.     

Applying generalized hydrophobicity scale of amino acids to quantitative prediction of human leukocyte antigen-A^＊0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope

Human major histocompatibility complex (MHC), the so-called human leukocyte antigen (HLA), is usu- ally divided into three classes. Class ? protein is en- coded by three general genetic loci, HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C. In class ? HLA, the allele of 0201 type…