反拱水垫塘底板块上举力变化规律的试验研究

结合溪洛渡拱坝,模型试验研究了拱坝坝身泄量最大时,在反拱圈横缝止水设施破坏、动水压强贯入底板缝隙、基岩锚固力失效的极端情况下,反拱水垫塘底板块上举力的分布规律及脉动上举力谱密度特性等。该成果对反拱水垫塘的设计、运用及稳定性研究具有理论和实际意义。     

反拱水垫塘与平底水垫塘底板稳定性的比较

反拱水垫塘是一种新型消能防冲结构,拟在我国溪洛渡等高拱坝中采用,其稳定性是其在高水头、大流量的作用下能否安全运用的关键技术之一。分析了平底水垫塘和反拱水垫塘底板稳定性原理,论证了反拱水垫塘底板具有超载能力强和稳定性高的优点,是高拱坝坝身泄洪消能的合理选择。     

高坝水舌作用下水垫塘流场的数值模拟

水垫塘是一种消能防冲结构,它的稳定性是其在高水头、大流量作用下能否安全运用的关键技术之一。本文结合溪洛渡拱坝,用数值模拟的方法模拟了二维水垫塘内的流场特征以及水垫塘底板的压力分布。根据数值模拟结果,提出水垫塘底板分区进行结构设计的方案。     

高坝水舌作用下水垫塘流场的数值模拟

水垫塘是一种消能防冲结构,它的稳定性是其在高水头、大流量作用下能否安全运用的关键技术之一。本文结合溪洛渡拱坝,用数值模拟的方法模拟了二维水垫塘内的流场特征以及水垫塘底板的压力分布。根据数值模拟结果,提出水垫塘底板分区进行结构设计的方案。     

高拱坝深潭型水垫塘数值模拟研究

高拱坝工程为满足下泄水舌的挑距和淹没水跃长度的要求,水垫塘往往较长,而在水垫塘消能过程中实际参与进来的水体并不多,为此提出一种长度较小且能够集中消能的深潭水垫塘.以溪洛渡水电站为研究对象,采用RNGk-ε三维紊流数学模型对八深孔泄洪工况下反拱和深潭水垫塘进行数值模拟研究,首先把反拱水垫塘的流速及拱底板压强的计算值与相应模型实测值进行了对比验证,再对两种水垫塘塘内的水流流态、近壁流速、壁面压强分布特征以及消能率进行详细分析,结果发现在反拱水垫塘内,下泄水体的巨大能量主要通过淹没射流的紊动扩散和淹没水跃的作用来消除;深潭水垫塘内水体消能主要依靠贴壁流在边壁作用下返回深潭不断紊动耗散的过程;两种水垫塘底板最大冲击压强分别为8.64 mH_2O和11.62 mH_2O,二道坝顶平均出流流速分别为8.52 m/s和5.34 m/s,消能率分别为90.25%和92.25%.     

反拱水垫塘拱圈底板动水压强变化规律的研究

采用先进的模拟方法和量测手段,对高水头和大流量作用下反拱水垫塘拱圈底板动水压强进行了详细的试验研究。实现了拱圈位于反拱水垫塘流场中任意位置时,同步量测底板表面和底板缝隙中动水压强,得出拱圈底板动水压强沿流程以及沿拱圈横向的分布规律,揭示了底板块上举力的形成和变化机理;提出把底板缝隙动水压强划分为三种形态;提出底板块振动的可能方式;得出拱圈底板缝隙动水压强的频率分布范围比底板表面的更窄,但两者优势频率接近,脉动能量都以低频为主。     

高拱坝水垫塘反拱型底板的体型

反拱型底板的稳定性是实现消能防冲的关键所在，为了研究反拱型底板块各体型参数对其稳定性的影响，结合某高拱坝水垫塘反拱型底板稳定性的实验研究，采用有限元数学模型及局部稳定性力学模型，从反拱水垫塘底板的圆心角、板块厚度、板块尺度和锚固水平等几个方面分析了底板稳定性与其体型的关系．结果表明，拱圈的圆心角及板块尺度不宜过大，板块厚度在满足稳定性要求的基础上可做适当调整，而锚固钢筋应尽量做到均匀布置．     

水垫塘反拱型底板衬砌结构的非线性分析

反拱型底板的稳定性是实现消能防冲的关键所在，其受力过程表现为一种高度的非线性．为此，采用ANSYS程序中三维非线性弹簧单元模拟锚固钢筋的黏结滑移，接触单元模拟水垫塘底板结构之间的接缝以及底板、拱座与基岩之间的接触面。建立反拱型水垫塘的有限元模型，通过长潭岗水垫塘的工程实例说明了该模拟方法的合理性，并应用该方法对拟建的拉西瓦反拱型水垫塘进行稳定性分析，结果表明，反拱型底板具有较好的受力条件．茸稳定性能够得到保证．     

反拱水垫塘拱圈底板动水压强时域与频域的变化规律

设计试验装置,测量高水头和大流量作用下反拱水垫塘全流场内拱圈底板动水压强.利用分析方法,得出拱圈底板表面与底板缝隙动水压强自相关特征和时空相关特征的变化规律,分析其与反拱水垫塘内水流的流动结构和流态之间的关系,揭示拱圈底板动水压强的变化和传播机理;对其频域特性进行分析,结果表明:拱圈底板表面动水压强的优势频率分布范围较广并比底板缝隙内的宽,其峰值频率分布范围主要集中在0～1 Hz,脉动能量均以低频为主.     

水垫塘反拱形底板局部稳性分析

针对局部脉动随机荷载在某一时刻出现大的数值造成局部板块失稳的可能性，结合某高拱坝水垫塘反拱形底板稳定性的研究，用“随机拱”的概念，建立了基于板块极限失稳的力学模型和与其相应的物理模型，分析了单个板块的局部稳定性，导出了板块局部失稳极限抗力的表达式．力学模型计算和物理模型实验得出的极限抗力结果一致．从板块极限平衡角度得出了反拱形底板优于平底板的量化指标．结果表明，反拱形底板安全系数大于平底板3倍以上．以某高拱坝的工程实例计算了安全系数．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.