涡轮叶栅叶顶间隙泄漏流动实验研究

针对一种高负荷涡轮叶栅,利用低速矩形叶栅风洞实验研究叶顶间隙泄漏流动。研究了不同叶顶间隙和不同来流冲角情况下,涡轮叶栅的流场结构和气动性能。研究工况包括无间隙, 0.5%、1.0%、1.5%叶高间隙和±10°、±5°、0°冲角。通过五孔探针获得矩形叶栅出口截面上总压、气流角以及速度分布;通过叶片表面开设的静压孔,获得叶片中部以及靠近叶顶截面的叶片表面静压分布。实验结果表明:叶顶间隙的存在增强了叶栅顶部的二次流动,恶化了上半叶展的流动状况,涡系结构发生了改变。随着叶顶间隙的增大,叶栅总压损失增加,气流偏转不足/过偏现象加剧;随着冲角的增大叶栅总压损失增加。     

涡轮叶栅叶顶间隙泄漏流动实验研究

针对一种高负荷涡轮叶栅,利用低速矩形叶栅风洞实验研究叶顶间隙泄漏流动．研究了不同叶顶间隙和不同来流冲角情况下,涡轮叶栅的流场结构和气动性能．研究工况包括无间隙,0.5%、1.0%、1.5%叶高间隙和±10°、±5°、0°冲角．通过五孔探针获得矩形叶栅出口截面上总压、气流角以及速度分布;通过叶片表面开设的静压孔,获得叶片中部以及靠近叶顶截面的叶片表面静压分布．实验结果表明:叶顶间隙的存在增强了叶栅顶部的二次流动,恶化了上半叶展的流动状况,涡系结构发生了改变．随着叶顶间隙的增大,叶栅总压损失增加,气流偏转不足/过偏现象加剧;随着冲角的增大叶栅总压损失增加．     

串列叶栅前后排叶型对叶片损失的影响

为了研究串列叶栅前后排叶片叶型变化对叶片损失的影响,采用数值模拟方法,对三种不同叶型组合的平面串列叶栅在0°攻角工况下,进行了总压损失分布和损失机理分析。研究结果表明,前排叶片的叶型,尤其是前缘形状的改变对串列叶栅的总压损失分布有显著影响;而后排叶片的叶型变化造成的影响较小;参数L=ρV03/T反映了附面层内熵增的难易程度。由于前排叶片前缘附近的L值要远大于后排叶片,从而导致串列叶栅的总压损失对前排叶片的叶型变化更加敏感。     

一种改进的开槽结构对叶栅性能影响的数值研究

基于利用小槽出口射流控制叶片吸力面分离气流的思想,为获得更好的叶栅流场特性,在两段式平行直线转折槽结构的基础上,提出一种改进的开槽结构,用CFD方法对2种结构开槽前后的叶栅流场进行数值模拟分析对比。为进一步研究改进结构的槽道出气角对叶栅性能的影响,另设计了多种出气角度。计算结果表明,改进的槽道能够更好地改善叶栅性能,获得更高的气流转折角和静压升,以及更低的总压损失。槽道出气角对叶栅性能也有较大的影响。     

轴流压气机平面叶栅气动特性的数值研究

以轴流压气机DMU37动叶根部5%叶高典型截面叶型为研究对象,采用Fluent软件,计算分析不同冲角和进口等熵马赫数下叶栅流场损失及气动特性.结果表明:同一冲角下,进口等熵马赫数的提高增加了叶片负荷和扩压能力,同时也使出口总压损失增加,失速冲角范围变小;相同进口马赫数时,随着冲角增加,出口总压损失先减小后增大,-4°冲角时总压损失最小.同时,验证了轴流压气机平面叶栅马赫数、冲角损失特性规律具有相似性,并且,叶栅端壁区域受进口马赫数和冲角变化影响较大.     

叶片前缘造型对压气机平面叶栅气动特性的影响

为探究叶片前缘造型对压气机平面叶栅气动性能的影响规律,基于Fluent软件,采用一种径向参数造型方法对轴流压气机DMU37动叶根部5%叶高平面叶栅进行前缘改型,分析不同冲角下造型参数变化对叶栅流场气动性能的影响规律.结果表明:切削后的叶栅流场出口截面质量平均的总压损失系数变大,但较小切削深度使可计算正冲角范围扩大2°;在0°及正冲角时,切削后的叶栅静压比提高,端部区域低能流体向叶高中间位置迁移,端部区域总压损失变小;切削后的叶栅流场损失特性变化开始于前缘附近,进而影响整个流道,证明前缘对整个流场气动特性变化具有重要作用,为进一步探索前缘造型方法提供了参考方向.     

进口端壁不重合对跨声速透平叶栅端壁流动和传热特性影响的研究

为了评估燃气轮机燃烧室出口与透平第一级喷嘴导向叶栅端壁不重合对叶栅端壁热负荷分布和运行寿命的影响,采用商用CFD软件ANSYS FLUENT数值研究了进口端壁不重合度(进口后向台阶结构)对跨声速叶栅端壁流动和传热特性的影响规律。计算了进口湍流强度Tu1=16%、出口马赫数Ma2=0.85时,2种进口后向台阶高度(0、6.78mm)下,跨声速叶栅端壁传热系数,并与实验结果进行了比较,验证了所提基于RSM(Reynolds stress model)湍流模型数值方法的准确性。分析了6种进口后台阶高度(0、1.5、3、5、6.78、10mm)下的跨声速叶栅端壁热负荷分布、近端壁二次流结构、后台阶涡系发展和气动损失。研究结果表明:由于进口台阶结构的影响,在叶片前缘上游区域形成了显著的再附着涡、空腔涡和辅助涡等复杂的后台阶流涡系;后台阶流再附着涡系使叶片前缘上游区域形成显著的高传热区;随着进口台阶高度的增大,该高传热区控制面积和传热系数均逐渐增大,最大传热系数增大了90%～160%,高传热区的位置逐渐向下游移动,形状逐渐由节距方向的"条形"演变为"C"字形,两端向叶栅通道内部迁移;进口台阶结构导致叶栅通道总压损失系数增大了0.17%～0.45%,台阶高度为3mm时,总压损失系数最大。     

尾缘开缝透平叶片内流动传热特性研究

采用带转捩的SSTk-ω湍流模型,计算获得了不同来流条件和冷气质量流量比条件下,尾缘开缝透平叶片内的总压损失和传热系数,分析了尾缘开缝结构对叶片表面流动传热性能的影响,并与实验数据进行对比,验证了数值方法的有效性和精度。计算结果表明:与常规叶片相比,尾缘开缝叶片在冷气质量流量比为1.3%、2.6%和5.2%时,叶片吸力面喉部区域压力系数分别增大了0.1、0.15和0.2左右,出口气流角分别增大了0.3°、0.4°和0.5°左右;尾缘开缝结构对叶片表面对流换热系数的影响区域主要位于吸力面喉部下游,与冷气质量流量比为1.3%的工况相比,尾缘开缝叶片在冷气质量流量比为2.6%和5.2%时,叶片尾缘吸力面侧对流换热系数分别增大了3%和5%左右;开缝壁面上压力及对流换热系数均随着冷气质量流量比的增大逐渐增大,但当冷气流量一定时,在不同主流雷诺数条件下,开缝壁面上的对流换热系数基本一致;冷气质量流量比为1.3%和2.6%时,尾缘开缝叶片总压损失比常规叶片高1%左右,当冷气质量流量比为5.2%时,主流总压损失低于常规叶片。     

环形中心钝体驻涡燃烧室后钝体进气位置研究

采用Fluent软件对驻涡腔不同后钝体进气位置时冷态条件下环形中心钝体驻涡燃烧室流场进行数值研究.详细分析了不同后钝体进气位置时,环形中心钝体驻涡燃烧室典型截面的压力与流线分布,并对不同后钝体进气位置时驻涡腔内的流线、平均速度、平均静压以及燃烧室总压损失系数的变化规律进行比较.结果表明:不同后钝体进气位置时,驻涡腔内均形成了4个旋涡,但驻涡腔内旋涡的大小、形状和位置略有不同;在各个后钝体进气位置时,驻涡腔内的平均速度随后钝体进气位置向驻涡腔外侧偏移逐渐减小,平均静压、平均湍流度逐渐增大;燃烧室出口总压损失在后钝体进气位置为1.5时出现最小值,在后钝体进气位置为0.75时其次,其值为0.0799;燃烧室出口总压和出口气流速度沿径向随后钝体进气位置改变变化不大.     

进口端壁不重合对跨音速透平叶栅端壁流动和传热特性影响的研究

为了评估燃气轮机燃烧室出口与透平第一级喷嘴导向叶栅端壁不重合对叶栅端壁热负荷分布和运行寿命的影响,采用商用 CFD 软件 ANSYS FLUENT 数值研究了进口端壁不重合度（进口后向台阶结构）对跨声速叶栅端壁流动和传热特性的影响规律。计算了进口湍流强度 Tu1 = 16%、出口马赫数 Ma2 = 0.85 时,2 种进口后向台阶高度（0 mm, 6.78 mm）下,跨音速叶栅端壁传热系数,并与实验结果进行了比较,验证了所提基于 RSM（Reynolds stress model）湍流模型数值方法的准确性。分析了 6 种进口后台阶高度（0 mm、1.5 mm、3 mm、5 mm、6.78 mm、10 mm）下的跨音速叶栅端壁热负荷分布、近端壁二次流结构、后台阶涡系发展和气动损失。研究结果表明：由于进口台阶结构的影响,在叶片前缘上游区域形成了显著的再附着涡、空腔涡和辅助涡等复杂的后台阶流涡系;后台阶流再附着涡系使叶片前缘上游区域形成显著的高传热区;随着进口台阶高度的增大,该高传热区控制面积和传热系数均逐渐增大,最大传热系数增大了 90%~160%,高传热区的位置逐渐向下游移动,形状逐渐由节距方向的“条形”演变为“C”字形,两端向叶栅通道内部迁移;进口台阶结构导致叶栅通道总压损失系数增大了 0.17%~0.45%,台阶高度为 3 mm 时,总压损失系数最大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.