高比转速混流泵叶轮正反问题计算

基于Ωu=0的二元设计理论,用Fortran语言编程实现了高比转速混流泵叶轮的水力设计,讨论了轴面流道形状、速度矩分布规律、排挤系数对设计计算结果的影响。基于Navier-Stokes方程,在贴体坐标系和交错网格中,采用SIMPLEC算法,对依据不同设计参数设计出的两个叶轮内部流场进行了数值模拟,并将计算得到的流场压力分布和轴面速度分布进行了对比,同时对两个叶轮进行性能预估。结果表明,轴面流道形状和速度矩分布规律影响叶轮内部压力场和速度场的均匀性,导致两个叶轮性能预估值存在约2%的差别。     

基于CFD的中高比转速离心泵叶轮的设计方法

采用了一元理论和二元理论有势流动规律2种设计方法,对中高比转速离心泵叶轮进行水力设计.采用Flu-ent数值模拟,分别计算叶轮叶片的轴面速度和速度矩,通过分析叶片的轴面速度分布曲线和速度矩分布曲线,验证基于一元理论的叶片轴面速度并非沿过水断面均匀分布,二元理论有势流动设计方法可以设计出叶片内大部分流体满足轴面流动为有势流动的叶轮,但是设计方法尚不成熟.通过CFD计算可以得到泵的特性曲线,采用一元理论设计的叶轮的水力性能好于采用二元理论设计的叶轮,在用二元理论进行叶轮的水力设计中,速度矩分布规律曲线的选取对叶轮的水力性能影响很大.     

2叶片潜水搅拌机叶轮内部流场特性

为研究2叶片潜水搅拌机叶轮内部流动规律,利用Fluent 6.3大型计算流体力学软件,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLE算法,对2叶片潜水搅拌机搅拌的污水处理池进行数值模拟,分析了2叶片潜水搅拌机叶轮内部流场、压力和速度环量的分布情况.结果表明:叶轮内从叶片工作面到叶片背面流体速度梯度、压强梯度明显;叶片工作面附近流体流速低、压力高,在叶片背面有高速区和负压区;叶轮进出口轴面速度均呈抛物线分布,进出口速度环量变化较为平缓;叶片出口轴面速度均呈近似等轴面速度分布,进出口速度环量呈线性规律分布;叶轮内部流动稳定,这种流型设计可以较好地减少2次回流,叶轮可以高效运行.     

双流道叶轮内部三维定常湍流数值模拟

对某双吸离心泵的双流道叶轮内部的定常三维湍流进行了全流道数值模拟以研究其内部流动规律。计算基于Reynolds时均Navier-Stokes方程,采用了标准k-ε湍流模型,压力速度耦合使用SIMPLE算法。计算得到了叶轮进口和水平截面的速度矢量图、叶片压力面和吸力面以及叶轮盖板的压力分布等值线图,并对其进行了分析。结果表明全流道计算可以较好地模拟双流道叶轮的内部流动,尤其是叶轮进出口的流动,并可对泵的外特性做出预估。计算结果有助于深入了解双流道叶轮内部流动机理,指导叶轮的水力设计。     

混流泵叶轮的正反问题迭代法设计及流动分析

提出了用正反问题迭代法设计混流泵叶轮的新方法。该方法能够有效地弥补传统方法设计叶片时轴面流动的计算仅满足流体连续方程的缺陷,同时考虑了叶片形状对轴面流场计算的影响。通过两类相对流面迭代求解流体连续方程与运动方程,完成设计叶轮的正问题计算。采用逐点积分法进行叶片骨线绘型,在轴面上加厚叶片,在保角变换平面内修圆叶片头尾部,完成反问题设计。正反问题迭代计算直至收敛,最终完成混流泵叶轮的设计。采用SIMPLEC算法,通过求解Navier-Stokes方程和RNGk-ε湍流模型方程,模拟了混流泵叶轮内的三维流场,获得了叶轮内的速度与压力分布。结果表明:正反问题迭代方法设计的叶片对于水流的控制能力增强,叶轮内部流动稳定,压力分布均匀,具有更优的水力性能。     

离心式心脏泵内部流场数值模拟与分析

利用CFD软件对采用一元理论的方法所设计的无回流区和有回流区2种离心式心脏泵进行数值模拟,考察和分析人工心脏泵叶轮内部流场的分布,揭示叶轮内部流动的特殊规律和流动机理.通过数值模拟得到心脏泵流道内的切应力、速度和压力分布云图,分析2种模型对血栓和溶血的影响.结果表明,有回流区离心式心脏泵模型内部流场要比无回流区离心式心脏泵模型内部流场更符合血液动力学的要求,对血细胞的破坏更小,具有更好的抗血栓和溶血性能.     

液力变矩-减速装置制动特性流场分析

为准确获取液力变矩-减速装置的制动特性,建立了某型液力变矩-减速装置制动工况下各叶轮及辅助液力减速器流道模型。运用CFD技术分析了液力变矩-减速装置泵轮、涡轮闭锁状态下在1000~2000 r/min转速时的各叶轮及辅助液力减速器流道内部速度流线、压力场分布特点,并进行了制动特性仿真计算。仿真结果与实验结果对比计算误差在10%以内,表明仿真方法和仿真模型准确、可靠。     

大流量下动静干涉对离心泵叶轮做功的影响

采用基于切应力输运模型(SST)的尺度自适应模拟方法对离心泵内部流场进行数值计算,研究大流量下动静干涉对内部流动的影响.从叶轮做功着手分析叶轮流道做功、流道表面做功及压力分布情况,进而分析内部流场的变化情况.数值计算结果经过试验验证及网格无关性验证,分析结果表明:在隔舌前部流速大、压力低,当叶轮流道经过该位置时,径向速度增大,流道内压力降低,此时该流道对流体做功减小;当流道旋转经过隔舌进入隔舌下游区域时,蜗壳内压力骤增,处于隔舌下游的叶轮流道过流量减小,压力增大,流道对流体做功增大.     

水力机械中多部件作用下轴对称流动的有限元解

本文给出水力机械中多个部件联合作用时轴对称流动的计算方法.该方法可以在同时计及转轮、转轮前后部件、轴面流道形状及工况变化等因素的条件下,给出机器内的流场特性.其中转轮前的流场特性,即轴面速度和环量分布作为整个流场中的一部分被解出.避免了转轮计算中来流特性给定时的不确定性,从而保证了转轮流场计算的准确性.这对于转轮前具有导叶、诱导轮或其它叶片式部件等情况下的计算有重要意义.计算以理想流体的欧拉方程和叶轮机械计算的准三元法为基础.方程利用有限单元法求解.给出了算例及其与试验结果的比较.     

前向多叶离心风机蜗壳内流场的试验

前向多叶离心风机广泛应用于空调系统．由于该风机叶片进出口角大、流道短,叶轮内部气体流动非常复杂．另外,蜗壳与叶轮的匹配对风机的性能和噪声的影响也很大．目前的设计方法还不完善,需要不断地以风机的实际内部流场规律来加以改进．利用五孔探针对上述风机的蜗壳内部三维流场进行了测试,弄清了蜗壳内流场沿轴向、径向、圆周方向的分布情况,为今后的产品开发和流场的数值模拟研究积累了有益的资料     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.