沸石负载接枝改性壳聚糖复合净水剂去除污水COD的研究

以生活污水为处理对象,通过对沸石、酸改性沸石、聚合氯化铝（ PAC）改性后的沸石、沸石负载接枝改性壳聚糖复合净水剂进行COD去除对比试验.实验结果表明:沸石负载改性壳聚糖复合净水剂对COD有较高的去除率,对于COD浓度为400 mg·L-1的污水,在温度为25℃的条件下,经2 h搅拌接触, COD浓度可降至78 mg·L-1,去除率可达81;. SEM结果表明:壳聚糖部分包覆在沸石上,沸石负载接枝改性壳聚糖复合净水剂对COD的去除机理是复合净水剂表面（及内部孔隙）吸附作用和离子交换作用.对于普通自来水厂,只需将快滤池中常用的石英砂部分替换成沸石负载接枝改性壳聚糖复合净水剂即可有效去除水中的COD.     

壳聚糖-对羟基苯甲酸的酶法接枝条件研究

以马铃薯酪氨酸酶为催化剂,对羟基苯甲酸为作用底物,实现了壳聚糖与对羟基苯甲酸的酶法接枝,着重考察了接枝反应条件对接枝率的影响,得到了该接枝反应的适宜条件:质量分数为1%的壳聚糖溶液制成的膜,对羟基苯甲酸浓度为3.0 mmol.L-1,壳聚糖与对羟基苯甲酸物质的量浓度比为2∶1,酪氨酸酶活力为20 U.mL-1,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为12 h.用线性电位滴定法测定其接枝率为47%~58%,并用FTIR对接枝物进行了结构的初步表征.     

炭纤维增强壳聚糖复合膜的研究

采用短切炭纤维对壳聚糖膜进行复合改性以提高膜的力学性能和抗湿态卷曲性。实验表明炭纤维与壳聚糖有良好的复合性，可以明显改善膜的力学性能，解决了壳聚糖膜的不可缝合性和湿态卷曲性。通过对炭纤维复合量、干燥温度、膜的柔软性等研究，找出较佳的炭纤维复合量和适宜的工艺过程     

PRGD／PDLLA／β-TCP／NGF复合神经导管的制备及其体外降解性能

将聚合物-RGD多肽接枝聚(乳酸-羟基乙酸L-赖氨酸,PRGD)与聚(D,L-乳酸,PDLLA)、β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)、神经生长因子(NGF)复合制备的新型PRGD/PDLLA/β-TCP/NGF复合导管材料在37℃的磷酸缓冲溶液中进行降解试验,研究支架材料在体外降解过程中相对分子质量、质量、降解介质pH值、微观形貌的变化及NGF的释放规律.研究结果表明:NGF的释放量在30 d内可以达到诱导神经组织的功能;加入β-TCP,可以部分中和聚乳酸和PRGD降解产物的酸性,有效调节降解介质的pH值,使其维持在中性. 加入PRGD和NGF可促进复合膜的降解,PRGD/PDLLA/β-TCP/NGF复合材料比聚乳酸具有更好的降解性能.     

载银壳聚糖接枝香草醛胶乳的制备及抗菌性

为了增强壳聚糖的抗菌活性和拓展其应用领域,在其基体中引入了纳米银粒子,并对其进行了接枝改性。采用微波辐射法将香草醛与壳聚糖接枝,然后用香草醛还原硝酸银,得到均匀分散于壳聚糖香草醛接枝物(CS-g-VA)胶乳中的纳米银粒子,即Ag/CS-g-VA复合胶乳。探讨了制备Ag/CS-g-VA复合胶乳的影响因素,并采用SEM,TEM,FTIR,XRD,UV-vis和TG-DSC等对其进行了结构和热性能表征。结果表明合成Ag/CS-g-VA的较理想条件:香草醛的质量分数为6.0%,CS-g-VA的质量分数为4.0%,硝酸银的浓度为0.20 mol/L。通过抗菌测试研究了Ag/CS-g-VA对大肠杆菌和枯草杆菌的抑制作用,结果显示Ag/CS-g-VA复合胶乳具有比单一壳聚糖抗菌剂更高效的抗菌性能。     

壳聚糖接枝甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯的合成与表征

用硝酸铈铵(CAN)为引发剂,氮气保护下,研究了w=2%醋酸溶液中壳聚糖与甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)的接枝共聚行为.重点探讨了反应温度、反应时间、引发剂浓度和单体浓度对接枝聚合反应的影响,优化得到如下最佳反应条件,硝酸铈铵溶液浓度为0.0180mol.L-1,甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯溶液浓度为0.1690mol.L-1,壳聚糖溶液浓度为0.0617mol.L-1,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为5h,可得到最大接枝率为70.4%.并通过差热分析和红外光谱分析对接枝共聚物进行了表征,从而提供了一种生物相容性的亲水改性壳聚糖的方法.     

壳聚糖聚乳酸接枝共聚物作为DNA递送载体

以硅烷基保护壳聚糖分子中-NH2和部分羟基,与D,L-丙交酯接枝聚合,制备壳聚糖与聚乳酸接枝共聚物(CS-g-PDLLA).利用CS-g-PDLLA作为DNA载体,复合pEGFP-N1质粒,分别采用动态激光散射及原子力显微镜(AFM)分析复合物粒子的粒径分布及形态,凝胶电泳试验考察载体与质粒DNA的结合情况,人体胃癌细...     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维膜的制备

用静电纺丝技术制备壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维膜,探讨了不同浓度、分子量及聚乙烯醇添加比例对纳米纤维膜成形的影响,运用扫描电镜对纳米纤维膜的形貌进行了分析,同时对其力学和亲水性能进行了测试.结果表明:当分子量为5×105g/mol、质量分数为4%、聚乙烯醇的添加比例为40%时,所制备复合纳米纤维膜具有良好的形貌,具有一定的力学性能,且呈疏水性.     

含纳米Au粒子的生物电极的制备及其生物电催化性能研究

以壳聚糖为模板,采用柠檬酸为还原剂,通过原位负载方法制备了含有金(Au)纳米粒子的壳聚糖/Au/葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)复合生物电极.利用扫描电镜对该生物电极的结构进行表征,结果显示Au纳米粒子的平均粒径为15nm,均匀分布于壳聚糖膜内.将该复合电极用于葡萄糖的检测,结果发现GOD在复合膜中具有良好的生物催化活性,对葡萄糖有快速灵敏的响应,线性范围为0～30mmol·L-1,线性相关系数大于0.9988,检出限为32μmol·L-1(S/N=3).     

壳聚糖/SiO_2复合膜的制备及性能研究

以廉价的工业硅溶胶为SiO2纳米粒子,使其与壳聚糖的醋酸溶液共混,得到壳聚糖/SiO2复合膜(简称复合膜).研究了复合膜在干态和湿态下的力学性能,在波长200～800nm范围内的透光率,在水中的溶胀率,复合膜内SiO2微粒的形貌及其与壳聚糖的相互作用.结果表明:随着膜内SiO2质量分数增加,复合膜的溶胀率从65.88%降到45.65%.复合膜在干态和湿态下的拉伸强度、伸长率等力学性能呈现先增加到最大值,然后又降低的变化趋势.复合膜中SiO2质量分数为14.07%,其干态膜的力学性能较佳,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为58.09MPa和20.74%.当复合膜中SiO2质量分数为30.30%时,湿态膜的力学性能最佳,其拉伸强度为35.83MPa,断裂伸长率为114.76%.SiO2通过与壳聚糖形成强的相互作用而被均匀分散在复合膜内,该复合膜具有良好的生物相容性和耐水性能,可作为一种潜在的生物分离功能膜.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to