冲击载荷下Ti/CFRP层合板结构的数值模拟分析

为了研究钛合金/碳纤维增强复合材料(Ti/CFRP)层合板结构的抗冲击性能,采用基于三维Hashin准则的VUMAT材料子程序模拟复合材料层合板的损伤失效,采用内聚力单元模拟层合板与钛合金之间的胶层,采用Johnson-Cook本构模型模拟钛合金的塑性变形及失效,建立了Ti/CFRP层合板结构的冲击损伤有限元模型。分别讨论了冲击动能、钛板的厚度及复合材料的铺层角度等因素对层合板结构的抗冲击性能的影响,结果显示增加钛板的厚度可以有效提高层合板结构的抗冲击性能,Ti/CFRP层合板结构承受冲击载荷发生损伤失效时,失效模式以基体失效与拉伸分层失效为主,合理选择铺层角度可以改善复合材料层合板的抗冲击性能。分析结果可为Ti/CFRP层合板结构的设计及工程应用提供参考。     

基于层合叠加理论的CFRP多向层合板铣削力建模

针对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)多向层合板设计中常用的典型纤维铺层方向,实验研究CFRP单向层合板的铣削力随纤维方向角及加工参数的变化规律,使用BP神经网络,获取不同加工参数下的CFRP 4种典型铺层方向单向层合板铣削力数据;基于BP神经网络结果数据和切削力层合叠加理论,建立CFRP多向层合板铣削力预测模型。研究结果表明:纤维方向角是影响铣削力的最主要的因素,该CFRP多向层合板铣削力预测模型精度可以达到85%以上。     

碳纤维增强型复合材料在非破坏雷电流脉冲下的动态导电特性

为了研究碳纤维增强型复合材料(CFRP)层合板在雷电流脉冲作用下的动态导通机制,建立了CFRP动态导电特性实验平台,通过研究非破坏性10/30、20/60及40/120μs的雷电流脉冲作用下CFRP层合板的动态响应,分析了铺层结构、试样夹持方式及雷电流参数对CFRP动态导电特性的影响。研究结果表明:在100～1 000A的雷电流作用下,受到内部铺层结构的影响,CFRP层合板厚度方向电导率(10-3 S/mm)远小于平面方向电导率(100S/mm),具有各向异性非线性电导率;CFRP层合板表现出明显的电感效应,即动态电压超前于电流,动态伏安特性曲线中上升与下降阶段不重合;施加的雷电流上升速率越低、波长越长,CFRP层合板动态电导率越大;CFRP层合板在雷电流脉冲作用下所表现出的电感效应与碳纤维丝的电感特性密切相关。CFRP动态导电特性及导通模型的研究能够为CFRP雷电直接效应热电耦合模型的建立以及CFRP性能优化和结构提升提供理论支撑。     

水泥基碳纤维智能层检测混凝土梁的试验研究

为研究水泥基碳纤维复合材料的应变传感特性,对带有预制裂缝的混凝土梁试件进行三点弯曲试验。试验结果表明:水泥基碳纤维智能层传感器可感知混凝土梁平均应变的变化;且其与弯拉荷载呈线性变化关系。在压阻效应第一阶段,短切碳纤维发生重新搭接而使得水泥基智能层的电阻变化率随平均应变的增加而急剧增加;在压阻效应第二阶段,水泥基智能层形成新的导电网络其电阻变化率基本趋于稳定;且与梁的平均应变有很好的线性一致性。因此,可通过监测水泥基智能表层电阻变化率来监测梁的平均应变,从而达到检测裂缝宽度的要求。     

碳纤维增强型复合材料在非破坏雷电流脉冲下的动态导电特性

为了研究碳纤维增强型复合材料(CFRP)层合板在雷电流脉冲作用下的动态导通机制,建立了CFRP动态导电特性实验平台,通过研究非破坏性10/30μs,20/60μs及40/120μs的雷电流脉冲作用下CFRP层合板的动态响应,分析了铺层结构、试品夹持方式及雷电流参数对CFRP动态导电特性的影响。研究结果表明:在100~1000 A的雷电流作用下,受到内部铺层结构的影响,CFRP层合板厚度方向电导率(10-3 S/mm)远小于平面方向电导率(100 S/mm),具有各向异性非线性电导率。同时发现CFRP层合板表现出明显的电感效应,即动态电压超前于电流,动态伏安特性曲线中上升与下降阶段不重合;此外,施加的雷电流上升速率越低、波长越长,CFRP层合板动态电导率越大。CFRP层合板在雷电流脉冲作用下所表现出的电感效应与碳纤维丝的电感特性密切相关。CFRP动态导电特性及导通模型的研究能够为CFRP雷电直接效应热电耦合模型的建立以及CFRP性能优化和结构提升提供实验与理论支撑。     

碳纤维增强型复合材料在非破坏雷电流脉冲下的动态导电特性

为了研究碳纤维增强型复合材料(CFRP)层合板在雷电流脉冲作用下的动态导通机制,建立了CFRP动态导电特性实验平台,通过研究非破坏性10/30μs,20/60μs及40/120μs的雷电流脉冲作用下CFRP层合板的动态响应,分析了铺层结构、试品夹持方式及雷电流参数对CFRP动态导电特性的影响。研究结果表明:在100~1000 A的雷电流作用下,受到内部铺层结构的影响,CFRP层合板厚度方向电导率(10-3 S/mm)远小于平面方向电导率(100 S/mm),具有各向异性非线性电导率。同时发现CFRP层合板表现出明显的电感效应,即动态电压超前于电流,动态伏安特性曲线中上升与下降阶段不重合;此外,施加的雷电流上升速率越低、波长越长,CFRP层合板动态电导率越大。CFRP层合板在雷电流脉冲作用下所表现出的电感效应与碳纤维丝的电感特性密切相关。CFRP动态导电特性及导通模型的研究能够为CFRP雷电直接效应热电耦合模型的建立以及CFRP性能优化和结构提升提供实验与理论支撑。     

基于改进桥联模型的CFRP层合结构抗冲击载荷动态力学性能研究

为研究碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）在冲击载荷下的力学响应,本文基于桥联模型,采用含应变率效应的动态本构方程以及屈服准则,对CFRP层合板进行了优化设计和动态压缩强度分析.利用相关文献中的层合板准静态及动态试验结果,对改进的桥联模型程序进行验证,结果吻合良好.在此基础上,对比分析了几种CFRP层合板铺层设计方案,优选并制备其中一铺层的层合板,实施了中等应变率的压缩试验,前期理论计算结果与试验结果有较好一致性.本文工作可用于抗高冲击载荷CFRP层合结构的优化设计及性能预测.     

基于应力物理模型的碳纤维复合材料温阻效应

碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)既具有承载能力又具有一定的智能特性。开发其智能特性,研发具有相关功能的传感元件运用于结构健康监测具有重要的理论与应用价值。基于应力模型,建立了CFRP温阻效应预测模型,在室温(18.5、20℃)~高温(100℃)温度条件下,分别对有无掺入碳粉/SiO_2混合颗粒的CFRP传感元件进行温阻试验,并验证CFRP温阻效应预测模型。试验结果表明:第1次升温中两种传感元件均表现为正温度系数(PTC)效应;第2、3次温度循环试验中,掺入碳粉/SiO_2颗粒的CFRP传感元件负温度系数(NTC)效应/PTC效应之间的转变温度为45.20℃,重复性和规律性更好,CFRP温阻效应预测模型相关系数均大于0.85。研究结果对研发CFRP传感元件运用于结构健康监测的温度检测方面具有实际工程意义。     

非破坏雷电流A分量作用下碳纤维复合材料的动态特性

建立了碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)雷电冲击特性的实验平台,通过实验验证和对CFRP等效电路模型的分析,提出了采用两电极测试系统,通过检测流经CFRP层合板的脉冲电流和其两端的动态电压,研究了CFRP动态特性的测试方法,分析了在雷电流A分量作用下CFRP的动态特性。实验结果表明:在峰值时间为30.2μs、半峰值时间为72.2μs的非破坏雷电流A分量冲击作用下,碳纤维复合材料具有较强的导通能力,并且随着脉冲电流强度从5A增加至100A,其电阻由20Ω减小至2Ω左右,即具有显著的非线性;CFRP试品两端的电压先于电流达到峰值,材料整体显示出一定的电感效应。利用建立的CFRP层合板的等效电路模型,对CFRP在雷电流冲击下表现出的动态电阻非线性、电感特性、高导电微碳纳米管(MCNT)夹层对材料动态伏安特性的影响等现象进行了合理的解释。研究结果为CFRP的电气特性、树脂热降解、温度场分布以及热失重等研究提供了必要的理论支撑,同时为CFRP在航空航天领域的广泛应用奠定了坚实的基础。     

碳纤维机敏水泥基材料性能研究

研究了掺有碳纤维的水泥基复合材料的导电机理和在轴向压力下的压阻特性。结果表明：碳纤维水泥基复合材料的导电性有较显著的压力依赖性。在低应力水平下电阻随压力增加而降低，在较高应力水平下则随应力增在而升高，呈现所谓的“电阻负压力系数（NPCR）和正压力系数（PPCR）”效应。在循环荷载作用下，电阻的变化呈现Kaiser记忆效应。电阻的压力依赖性，被认为与碳纤维在水泥基体中形成的导电网络在荷载作用下的破坏与重组有关。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to