淄河源区岩溶地下水可开采资源量评价

为解决淄博市博山区农业、生活供水短缺,合理有效地调蓄利用岩溶地下水资源,针对淄河源区实际所处地质、水文条件及区域水文地质参数或水均衡要素不清等问题,本研究提出在开采性试验结果的基础上,应选用补偿疏干法来合理评价淄河源区岩溶地下水资源量.该方法能够适用淄河源区有较大的岩溶地下水储水空间可供调蓄且雨旱季分明等特点,体现"以丰补歉"思想.运用该方法计算出淄河源区可开采资源量为14 390 m~3/d.结果表明,补偿疏干法来评价岩溶地区地下水资源是适用的,它可以更广泛地适用于含水层分布范围有限,但有较大储存量,地下水补给雨旱季分明的北方地区.     

流域防洪系统中地下水库调蓄能力分析与计算

利用地下水库蓄水能增加洪水资源利用率,减少洪涝灾害,是实现水资源可持续利用的有效途径之一.首次将地下水库纳入到流域防洪系统中,在探讨地下水库的概念和调蓄原理、蓄水条件及其功能特征的基础上,对地下水库的调蓄能力进行了分析与计算.参照地表水库的调洪参数,定义了地下水库调蓄计算的部分参数,作为衡量地下水库调蓄能力的定量计算指标.在调蓄库容、调蓄系数、复蓄指数中,库容是最重要的评价因素.在此基础上针对孔隙介质地下水库和岩溶地下水库,分别给出其调蓄库容的计算公式,并将其应用于下辽河平原调蓄库容计算中,其结果可为流域防洪及地表水与地下水联合优化调度提供重要的参考和依据.     

国外岩溶地区水资源开发利用技术及其对我国的启示

北方资源型及水质型缺水、南方洪涝灾害和季节性缺水、水资源与经济发展空间不匹配等是我国岩溶地区水资源开发面临的主要问题。近几十年来,尽管我国在岩溶水资源开发利用过程中掌握很多关键技术并研发出一些成功的模式,但是仍然存在着许多急需解决的问题。本文对国外岩溶地区水资源开发利用的成功经验、典型案例和关键技术进行分析,总结出雨水及表(浅)层岩溶水资源收集-储存-利用、岩溶含水层水资源调蓄与循环利用、中小流域岩溶水资源综合开发与管理、跨流域(区域)尺度岩溶水资源协调开发,以及岩溶大流域水资源梯级调蓄与综合开发等国外岩溶水开发的成功模式。基于上述模式对我国岩溶地区水资源规划、保护、管理和开发所带来的启示,提出借鉴国外跨流域(区域)尺度岩溶水资源协调开发经验,实施水资源跨流域协调开发,有效解决岩溶地区水资源与经济发展空间不匹配的问题;按照大流域岩溶水资源梯级调蓄与综合开发利用的思路,在西南岩溶区利用梯级分布且具有密切水文联系的岩溶大洼地,实施集防洪与调蓄水资源等多目标的大岩溶流域梯级水资源开发工程,解决南方岩溶区季节性缺水的难题;重视我国北方岩溶区地下水资源普遍超采造成岩溶含水层被疏干的水环境问题,启动向岩溶含水层回灌补水计划,增强北方岩溶含水层调蓄水资源的能力,提高水资源利用效率和改善地下水环境;推进极端干旱岩溶区收集-储存-综合利用雨水、表(浅)层岩溶水或坡面流的技术创新,为我国岩溶地区水资源可持续开发利用、生态经济发展提供技术支撑。     

干旱内陆河山前凹陷带地下水库开发潜力的研究——以台兰河流域为例

介绍了山前凹陷带地下水库的水文地质特征和地质构造,以台兰河流域为例,采用水量平衡法和地下水数值模拟法,从主要调蓄水源即地表水源和地下水流场进行分析,探讨该流域地下水库的开发潜力.结果表明:该流域的调蓄空间有进一步开发的潜力,渗透性能良好,为人工干预下的水更替提供了现实的可能性,这对于干旱内陆区水资源可持续利用具有十分重要的现实意义.     

水源地间相互影响评价的优化模型

目的探求同一水文地质单元内几处相互影响的水源地同时开采的最佳运行方案。方法采用数学规划模型,进行水源地开采方案的研究。结果并存于一个水文地质单元内的几处水源地同时开采必然要产生相互影响,利用地下水均衡原理,以年内调节、年际间不动用储存量为原则,建立优化模型,确定了最佳开采方案和开采量,较好地解决了水源地间相互影响的评价问题。结论利用地下水均衡方程建立的水资源宏观调控优化模型,不仅可用于解决水源地间相互影响的评价问题,也可用于水资源分配和调蓄等方面的管理研究。     

解决桂西北大石山区水问题的措施浅探

探讨广西大石山区的水问题现状及成因,分别探讨解决的措施,指出通过科学规划、合理布局修建地下水库,配合水土流失综合治理,充分发挥地头水柜雨水集蓄利用工程的作用,进一步加强水质管理和工程建设管理水平,调蓄地下水资源,合理利用和有效保护有限的水资源,是解决大石山区水问题的根本措施。     

红层区找水打井工程的地下水资源可持续利用影响评价

红层丘陵缺水区实施的"找水打井"工程是解决分散农户人畜饮水困难与安全问题的关键性举措.从社会、地下水水质和供水量出发,构建了红层区找水打井工程的地下水资源可持续利用影响评价的内容及其方法,主要包括社会影响的Bossel可持续理论模型、地下水水质脆弱性DRASTIC指数、地下水含水层供水调蓄模型.以典型红层丘陵缺水区大足区为实例分析,研究结果表明:1)工程对社会影响协调系数为0. 88,处于基本协调状态; 2)成井前后机井含水层地下水DRASTIC指数为7. 369,属于地下水脆弱性较高状态,且部分机井含水层地下水水质已被污染; 3)过度开采已经引起部分机井含水层供水量正在逐渐衰退.该地下水资源可持续利用影响评价内容及方法和实例评价结果能够体现红层区农户对机井含水层地下水资源可持续利用影响,对正确认识后期机井含水层地下水资源可持续利用管理有重要的理论与实践价值.     

电厂贮灰场区域对地下水环境质量影响评价分析

分析了长治欣隆煤矸石电厂贮灰场区域水资源条件,结合当地松散层地下水和岩溶地下水资源状况,对该区域地下水水质情况进行了评价分析.     

广西岩溶水资源与社会服务功能

广西岩溶分布广泛且类型多样,岩溶水资源普遍服务于农业生产、城市与农村供水,或应对极端气候产生的干旱等。认清水资源的形成、演变趋势和动力机制,能使其更好地发挥社会服务功能。本文以广西5个具有长期研究积累的岩溶场地为例,采用地下水分层观测技术展示了表层岩溶带的调蓄过程,提出表层富水带可以成为石漠化治理和缓解干旱的找水方向;设计洞穴滴水观测装置,展示了渗流通过包气带的过程,提出干旱和内涝的地质成因;建立洞穴交互带的观测方法,展示地下水与地表水的交互过程,指出地下水与地表水交互作用成为水源地环境退化的驱动力;建立地下河的氮流失模型,显示农业活动引起的氮流失过程,总结地下河系统中氮的循环机制并提出固氮方案;建立地下水潜蚀作用的观测方法,展示潜蚀作用的机制,提出城市地下空间的保护和利用需要综合考虑水动力侵蚀和化学溶蚀。岩溶地区水资源与水环境问题的认识需要结合岩溶水的补给、下渗、径流、排泄过程的观测,揭示问题产生的机制,实现岩溶水资源的可持续利用。     

引黄灌区地下水漏斗的综合治理--以位山灌区为例

位山黄灌区下游由于地表水资源不足,地下水强烈开采,已形成大面积的漏斗区.为了该区域水资源的持续利用,应对该区域水资源施行统一管理、地下水的合理调控、节约用水、防治水污染和建立地下水监测网络等措施.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.