一种基于最小负载的移动Ad hoc网络路由协议

提出了一种基于最小负载的动态路由协议，使用负载信息作为主要的路由选择度量，以平衡分配数据业务，从而降低网络拥塞，充分利用网络资源。性能分析结果表明，该算法能够减轻节点拥塞，降低端到端时延，减小分组丢失率。     

利用往返时延抖动的网络拓扑推断算法

为了克服基于端到端单向时延的拓扑推断需要时钟同步及节点间合作的限制,提出了一种利用往返时延抖动的拓扑推断算法.首先定义了四元组列车,其由4个长度相同的ping分组组成,4个ping分组组成2个相邻的紧接分组对,2个紧接分组对的目标地址相同.在空间独立性、时间独立性的条件下,通过四元组列车测量获得的往返时延抖动可以计算节点间的相关性,再根据节点间的相关性便可推断节点间共享链路,从而推断出网络拓扑.理论分析与仿真结果表明,所提算法的收敛速度高于基于端到端单向时延推断拓扑法,并且只需要一个测量节点.     

基于时延抖动的网络拓扑推断技术

为了克服基于端到端单向时延的拓扑推断算法中需要时钟同步的缺点,根据端到端时延抖动的定义和特点提出了拓扑推断中端到端时延抖动的四元分组列车测量方法和基于端到端时延抖动的拓扑推断算法,其中端到端时延抖动的测量不需要节点间的时钟同步,并且实现简单.分析了基于端到端时延抖动推断网络拓扑的可行性和正确性,通过NS2进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,基于时延抖动推断拓扑结构的效果比基于端到端单向时延推断拓扑结构的效果好.     

卫星网络中基于蚁群优化的概率路由算法

为了提高空间信息传输的有效性和可靠性,针对传统蚁群优化(ant colony optimization,ACO)容易造成最优路径负载过重而发生拥塞的问题,提出了一种基于蚁群优化的概率路由算法(ant colony optimization based proba-bilistic routing algorithm,ACO-PRA).根据卫星网络拓扑动态周期时变的固有特点,将拓扑周期均匀分为若干个时间片,形成基于不同时间片的卫星网络拓扑连通图;根据网络拓扑连通图,将星间链路带宽和链路容量引入到目标函数中,建立时延最小的优化模型;根据蚁群算法的节点概率函数选择下一跳节点,进而找到一条能同时满足时延带宽和链路容量要求的最佳信号传输路径.仿真结果表明,提出的基于蚁群优化的概率路由算法不仅能够降低平均端到端时延和丢包率,而且能够有效地提高网络吞吐量、平衡网络负载.     

基于邻居信息交换的机会网络低时延路由算法

提出一种以Epidemic Routing为基础、采用两跳邻居信息交换方式的机会网络低时延路由算法———LDREN,在分组索引的交换过程中交换两跳邻居信息从而增强对本地拓扑的掌握,并优先发送位于最后两跳的数据分组;同时在节点相遇感知过程中借助ECHO消息从节点缓存中删除已到达目的节点的分组.性能分析结果表明,与经典的Epidemic路由算法及其改进算法ARER相比,LDREN在分组端到端时延、分组传送成功率、存储空间占用等方面的性能得到整体提升.     

基于测量聚类的网络拓扑推断算法

为了减少基于端到端时延的拓扑推断算法中产生的测量流量,根据网络中端到端时延的特点,提出了一种测量聚类算法和两阶段拓扑推断算法.测量聚类算法在测量时首先粗略测量网络节点的端到端时延,根据时延对节点进行聚类,然后根据节点的聚类测量节点对的端到端时延并计算节点相关性,最后通过两阶段拓扑推断算法推断网络拓扑结构.理论证明了测量聚类算法能够有效减少测量产生的测量流量并通过NS2进行了仿真,仿真结果表明测量聚类算法和两阶段拓扑推断算法在有效减少测量流量的情况下能够正确地推断网络的拓扑结构.     

一种链路丢包门限动态变化的网络拓扑推测算法

目前端到端逻辑拓扑推测方法主要有极大似然方法和分群方法。极大似然方法的计算量会随网络规模的增加而急剧增长,从而影响在实际网络中的应用。采用计算量较小的分群推测方法,针对GLT算法中采用固定丢包率判决门限ξ所导致的较大推测误差,提出了改进的任意拓扑推测算法IGLT。该算法利用每次迭代过程中得到的链路丢包率的估计值对ξ进行动态调整。仿真结果表明,IGLT算法将ξ与链路丢包率估计值相结合,有效地防止了采用GLT算法导致的拓扑推测准确率的严重恶化,提高了算法性能。     

基于蚁群算法改进的 AODV 路由协议研究

AODV协议是Ad hoc无线自组网中经典路由协议之一;针对AODV协议的缺点,提出一种基于蚁群算法改进的AODV路由协议;结合蚁群算法与Ad Hoc网络的特点,将蚁群算法应用于AODV协议,考虑节点负载、路径跳数、路径时延等因素,对AODV的路由组建和路由维护策略进行改进;通过在NS2平台中设置不同的网络负载和不同的节点移动速度,对改进后的AODV协议进行模拟,仿真结果表明,该路由协议在分组投递率、平均端到端延时和归一化路由开销等性能上比AODV协议具有一定的优势,网络的健壮性和抗毁性得到增强.     

无人机自组网中改进型反应-贪婪-反应路由协议

无人机自组网具有网络拓扑变化剧烈,链路断开频繁等特点.反应-贪婪-反应(reactive-greedy-reac-tive,RGR)路由协议是针对无人机自组网而提出的改进型协议,在高动态环境下具有较好的网络性能.针对RGR协议具有网络开销大、易出现网络拥塞等问题,提出了一种基于负载均衡和高贪婪地理转发成功概率的改进RGR路由协议.该协议在RGR协议的基础上,提出基于节点负载状态和地理位置信息辅助的受限洪泛机制、GGF模式下高分组成功传输概率的路径选择策略和基于节点负载预测和运动特征的分组转发策略3项关键改进措施.仿真结果表明,相较于AODV和RGR及其改进型协议,该协议提高了分组投递率,降低了网络的控制开销和平均端到端时延,提升了网络应对拓扑高度动态变化的能力,有效改善了网络性能.     

一种链路丢包门限动态变化的网络拓扑推测算法

目前端到端逻辑拓扑推测方法主要有极大似然方法和分群方法。极大似然方法的计算量会随网络规模的 增加而急剧增长，从而影响在实际网络中的应用。采用计算量较小的分群推测方法，针对GLT算法中采用固定丢 包率判决门限，所导致的较大推测误差，提出了改进的任意拓扑推测算法GLT。该算法利用每次迭代过程中得 到的链路丢包率的估计值对，进行动态调整。仿真结果表明，GLT算法将ξ与链路丢包率估计值相结合，有效地 防止了采用GLT算法导致的拓扑推测准确率的严重恶化，提高了算法性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.