Design of Unballasted Track Bridges on Beijing-Tianjin Intercity railway

Beijing-Tianjin intercity railway is the first newly-built passenger dedicated line with operating speed of 350 km/h in our country. During design,new ideas of bridge construction were carried out to ensure the requirements of safety,comfort and stability of the train under high-speed condition. At the same time,concepts of environmental adaptability,service to transportation and comprehensive benefits were observed. On the whole line,long-bridge schemes were adopted and the most advanced technologies of unballasted track were utilized on bridges,the length of which accounts for 87.7 % of the total line. The success of design and construction of the bridges on this rail has accumulated valuable experience for high-speed railway construction on a large scale in the future,and made it a marking,demonstrating,and model project to follow.     

Development of a Mobile Sensing Unit and Its Prototype Implementation

This paper represents a design and development of a mobile sensing unit as well as its prototype implementation for railway track monitoring. The unit consists of an ultra-small personal computer (PC), a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, an accelerometer and an ADC (Analog/Digital Converter) so that the unit can trace the route while capturing an acceleration response of a passenger vehicle. The unit enables more frequent and qualitative data acquisition compared with traditional and the state of the practice railway track inspection equipments. Locating disorder is the key of our unit, which has a reasonable accuracy of positioning with GPS data, existing facilities landmarks, and car acceleration responses. The proposed unit is a promising device for efficient properties management of railway agencies. The prototype implementation shows a result that car acceleration responses are related with the track displacements in low frequencies. The results also imply that sensor settlement on a vehicle floor, not axes or bogies, is effective for capturing track vertical displacements.     

Settlement Prediction of Dredger Fill with the Optimal Combination Model

Post-construction settlement has gained increasing attention because it frequently causes engineering problems. A combined model is a commonly used prediction model that overcomes the difficulty of a single model（ i. e., cannot reflect various regulations of settlement at some stages or the entire process）. In this study,the correlation coefficient,maximum error values,and other values were obtained according to the fitting and predicted results of a single model. The coefficient of variation was then introduced to determine the weight of each model forming the combination. The proposed model was used to fit and predict for settlement and overcome the issue of utilizing a single model while determining the weight. The fitting predictive effect was also analyzed using the settlement fitting precision results. The fitting precision of optimizing the combination model is high. The predicted data of the post-construction settlement are closer to the calculated value of the settlement monitoring data. Moreover,the proposed model has good practicability,does not require the interval data of settlement,and restricts the model number. Thus,this model can be applied in the engineering field.     

尾矿絮凝沉降的温度变化特征及其机理

Rapid flocculation and settlement (FS) of mine tailings is significant for the improvement and development of the filling process, whereas the settlement velocity (SV) of tailings in FS has been recognized as a key parameter to evaluate the settlement effect. However, the influence of temperature on the SV and its mechanism have not been studied. FS experiments on tailings with various ambient temperatures were carried out. The SVs of tailings with a solid waste content of 10wt% and an anionic polyacrylamide content of 20 g·t?1 were measured at different temperatures. The SV presented an “N”-shaped variation curve as the temperature changed from 5 to 40°C. The mechanism of these results can be explained from the perspective of the electric double-layer repulsive force, molecular dynamics, and the polymer flocculation principle, as revealed from the scanning electron microscopy of floc particles. The findings will be beneficial in the design of tailings dewatering processes and save costs in the production of cemented paste backfill.     

A Novel Multi-Points Laser Monitoring of Building Settlement and Its Risk Evaluation

Aiming at the defects of routine settlement measurement methods, such as complicated procedures, time-consuming and labor-intensive, high cost and low measurement accuracy, based on the analysis of existing engineering measurement technical requirements and specifications, a multi-point high precision and high efficiency based on laser reference is proposed. The automatic building settlement real-time monitoring system program gives the principle and system model of single-point settlement observation. The model of multi-point scanning settlement monitoring system and the model of multi-point network settlement monitoring system are designed, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. We focus on the networked multi-point settlement monitoring system for network cumulative error analysis, and propose related evaluation and correction methods. The hardware schematic and software block diagram of the laser reference measurement and measurement system of the single point settlement acquisition system are given. Finally, the risk of subsidence state is quantitatively evaluated based on multi-point settlement monitoring data. The measurement error of this method is less than 300 μm, which can realize the monitoring and evaluation of the overall settlement.     

Undersea safety mining of the large gold deposit in Xinli District of Sanshandao Gold Mine

The exploration of undersea resources becomes popular as land resources decrease. Researches were conducted with emphasis on the safety and efficiency of undersea mining of the large gold deposit in Xinli District of Sanshandao Gold Mine. A series of tests for the physical and mechanical characteristics of rock mass were carried out, and the three-dimensional geo-stress distribution was tested in the mining area. Further, a similar experimental simulation platform, which revealed the mechanism of water inrush and ascertained the reasonable thickness of the safety isolate layer, was established for the undersea mining. Meanwhile, the feasibility of cancelling the ore pillars and the safety conditions was checked by numerical simulation. The simulation results show that it is safe to exploit the ore body below the -85 m level (presently, the exploitation level is below -160 m in Xinli District), and the ore pillars can be cancelled below the -560 m level. Furthermore, a novel backfill method was designed to reduce the rock strata disturbance and settlement, and the settlement of roof strata was monitored during the mining process. Engineering practice shows that the settlement of roof strata was small and that no disaster happened. This indicates that the undersea safety mining technology of the large gold deposit is achieved in Xinli District.     

Railway intelligent transportation system and its applications

With the development of artificial intelligence, communication, computer and other related technologies, it becomes feasible to rebuild traditional railway with such advanced technologies in order to establish a new generation railway transport system. The railway intelligent transportation system is the trend of railway transportation system in China, and it is also the research focus of international railway transport industry. This paper presents the definition, characters, architecture, key technologies and developing pattern of the RITS(railway intelligent transportation system). Then three typical applications are introduced. Finally, the prospect of the RITS is summarized.     

Approaches to prediction of impact of Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction on alpine ecosystems alongside and its recovery

With the aid of the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, the ecosystem pattern and fragility distribution maps of the 50-km-wide zone along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were compiled and by using the superimposition method, range, area and indexes of the impact of various engineering activities on the ecosystems alongside the railway were studied. By making reference to the ecosystem recovery process of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, mechanisms of recovery of the alpine ecosystems alongside the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were studied and extents and rates of the recovery were predicted.The results indicate that the impact of the railway engineering on the Alpine ecosystem depends mainly on how much the original surface soil in the zone has been disturbed and how fragile of the ecosystem per se. Restoration of vegetation coverage and species abundance shows a significantly reverse relationship with disturbance of the original surface soil but an extremely positive one with the length of the restoration period and mean annual precipitation and annual mean relative humidity in the period and no obvious bearings with altitude and temperature. In sections with an annual precipitation over 200mm, as long as a certain percentage of original soil is left in situ, it takes only 30 years or so for biodiversity to get basically restored to the original level after the construction is completed but at least 45-60 years or more for vegetation coverage.     

Seepage effects of groundwater and its make-up water on triggering ground subsidence

The functioning mechanism of groundwater and its make-up water in the process of ground subsidence was studied from such three aspects as osmotic corrasion, osmotic pressure effect and concretion effect. As to osmotic corrasion, its forming conditions, mechanical mechanism and process were analyzed. As to osmotic pressure effect, it was mainly studied from hydrostatic pressurizing effect, sop softening effect and negative pressure sealing effect. Through concretion and saturation of soil, the factors of concretion settlement were analyzed. The results showed that both groundwater and its make-up water are important triggering factors to ground subsidence.     

Influence of coarse tailings on flocculation settlement

The composition of tailings particles in mines plays a key role in the flocculation settlement of slurries. To study the influence of coarse particle tailings(CPTs) on the flocculation settlement of tailings slurries(TSs), static flocculent settling tests, scanning electron microscopy observations, and laser particle size analyses were conducted using the tailings obtained from a copper mine. The results demonstrate that(i) in the accelerated and free settling process, CPTs did not directly settle at the bottom of graduated cylinders; instead, they were netted by the flocculent structures(FSs) and settled together more quickly. The CPTs accelerate the rapid settlement of TSs; the acceleration effect is more obvious when the CPTs content is greater than 50 wt%.(ii) The most appropriate flocculant unit consumption(FUC) is 20 g·t~(-1), and no substantial increase is observed in the flocculant settling velocity with an increase in the flocculant because the effective FSs did not substantially change and thus did not lead to a notable increase in the settling velocity of the solid–liquid interface(SLI).(iii) In the effective settling space of the thickening facility, free water quickly flowed from the pores of FSs, which is reflected in the period from 0 to 1 min.     

秦沈客运专线路基施工动态控制技术

基于秦沈客运专线路基的施工实践，详细阐述了准高速铁路软土路基施工、软土地基团结沉降量计算、地基最终沉降预测以及各种方法在推算沉降过程中的适用性分析。     

CFG桩在高速铁路地基加固处理中的有效应用

随着我国基础设施建设的加快及设计理念的转变,高速铁路在铁路设计中所占比例越来越大,路基工后沉降要求较高,如何采用地基加固措施满足工后沉降的要求成为高速铁路路基工程地基加固处理的关建。以郑徐铁路客运专线永城北站路基加固为例,详细介绍了CFG桩在高速铁路地基加固处理中的有效应用。     

北京站至北京西站地下直径线工程重大风险源分析与控制

北京站至北京西站地下直径线工程地处北京市中心城区,沿线建/构筑物众多。沿线穿越立交桥、护城河、地铁2号线等重大风险源。通过对地下直径线全线进行详细的风险评估,充分分析沿线各风险源的状况,并根据评估结果提出防止和降低风险的有效控制措施,施工完成后地铁2号线测点沉降值均小于2 mm,天宁寺桥因隧道开挖引起的沉降值低于3 mm,施工对周围建/构筑物影响非常小。     

基于盾构隧道斜交下穿的修正Peck公式法

在盾构隧道下穿导致的地表沉降计算中,通常需利用Peck公式理论计算盾构横断面的二维沉降.当盾构以斜交下穿时,盾构横断面不再平行于上部线路沿线方向,其沿线沉降的形式不符合正态分布,因此需要将Peck法推广到平面上任意一点的沉降计算中.综合考虑盾构坡角及隆起效应等影响因素,引入角度系数对Peck公式进行修正,使之可直接计算盾构斜交条件下地表平面上任一点的沉降,进而直接计算上部线路沿线沉降.通过有限元数值分析法进行验证,并在此基础上利用动力学仿真分析研究不同斜交角度所产生的不同沉降形式对脱轨系数及减载率的影响.     

高速铁路软土路基工后沉降试验研究

高速铁路对路基的工后沉降提出了严格的要求 ,而现有的软土地基沉降计算方法难以满足设计要求 .通过对软土厚度 10m、路基长度 6 5m和高度 4 .5m的路基原位试验 ,分析了塑料排水板处理软土、堆载预压对地基工后沉降的影响 .为京沪高速铁路中厚层软土地基的路基设计提供了依据     

铁路轨道下盾构施工所致地面沉降的数值模拟

以天津津滨轻轨天津站站——七经路站盾构施工区间工程为对象,采用三维有限元方法,对在多条铁路轨道下长距离盾构掘进过程引起的地表变形进行数值模拟.根据模拟结果,详细分析盾构穿越导致的沿盾构方向和垂直于盾构方向的地表沉降,得出盾构施工各阶段的地表沉降规律,研究盾构掘进对地表的扰动范围,分析先施工隧道和后施工隧道对地表沉降的贡献差异,并探讨对铁路荷载的影响.计算结果与监测结果吻合较好.     

箱涵下穿既有铁路路基注浆补强效果数值分析

在某工程采用箱涵下穿既有线路方法建造立交道口时,为保证箱涵顶进过程中列车的通行安全,在顶进前对一定范围内的路基用水泥砂浆进行了注浆补强.为考察其效果,运用FLAC3D建立了一个三维模型,对箱涵顶进过程进行了数值模拟分析.模拟结果表明:箱涵周围土体注浆补强,可使顶进施工引起的线路沉降有所减小,且沉降曲线明显变缓,这样在保证安全的前提下可以适当提高列车通行速度.     

真空联合堆载预压法加固软土地基的试验研究

根据某真空联合堆载预压法加固深厚层软土的试验成果,分析了地基沉降规律、控制软土地基路基工后沉降的效果,以及满足高速铁路路基工后沉降标准要求的预压时间.为真空联合堆载预压法在高速铁路深厚软土路基上的设计和应用提供了依据.     

浅论注浆在铁路路基沉降病害整治中的应用

以京九线路基病害整治为例,阐述了注浆施工的程序、方法和基本技术参数的选择,通过对注浆前后路基沉降地段的观测对比,总结了注浆在路基加固施工中的优点。     

高速铁路湿陷性黄土桩筏复合地基沉降控制效应

为研究和分析高速铁路荷载作用下刚性桩桩筏复合地基控制湿陷性黄土地基沉降的效应,采用离心模型试验的方法对不同桩间距设置条件下的刚性桩桩筏复合地基进行了模拟试验.试验研究表明:湿陷性黄土地基无法满足高速铁路轨道结构对路基工后沉降的要求,需要加固处理.随着桩间距由2倍增至6倍桩径,地基总沉降量及工后沉降量显著增大且变化速率较大,桩间土对桩体的负摩阻力增大.桩间土与桩体相对位移中性点位置随着桩间距的增大而显著降低,工后阶段中性点位置变化趋势为逐步上升并趋于稳定.工后阶段筏板与桩体相对位移量呈减少并趋于稳定的趋势.差异沉降主要发生在施工阶段,桩筏复合地基工后阶段控制沉降及差异沉降的能力较好.