基于二叉树标记与码分复用的密文域图像可逆信息隐藏

针对当前密文域可逆信息隐藏中嵌入容量不高的问题,结合码分复用的特性,提出了一种基于二叉树标记的密文域可逆信息隐藏优化方案,首先利用梯度下降的预测方法在图像加密前获取冗余空间,然后借助参数二叉树标记的方法对像素进行分类,最后利用码分复用的正交特性将重要的辅助信息嵌入密文图像中。经仿真实验验证:该算法同时具有可逆性与可分离性,嵌入率可高达到3.473 bpp,与现有的基于二叉树标记的密文域可逆信息隐藏的方法相比,有效提高了密文域可逆信息隐藏算法的嵌入容量。。     

基于纠错码的密文域鲁棒可逆信息隐藏

针对目前密文域可逆信息隐藏(reversible data hiding in encrypted domain,RDH-ED)存在嵌入容量较低、鲁棒性差的技术难点,提出一种基于纠错码的密文域鲁棒可逆信息隐藏方法。使用纠错码对低位信息进行编码,然后构造错误图样以嵌入信息。纠错码编码会在原有的图像信息基础上增加监督码元,利用对载体图片像素的高比特位信息进行无损压缩来节余空间,以应对编码后的载体数据量扩展的问题。对于高比特位与低比特位,分别使用不同的加密算法加密,用以保证算法的解密与消息提取的可分离。将图像分块使用投票原则,提高了算法的鲁棒性。在接收端,使用校验矩阵可以准确提取消息,利用纠错码的纠错特性可以实现算法可逆。实验证明,该算法可分离且嵌入率较高,实现了载体完全可逆恢复,具体较好的鲁棒性。     

一种同态密文域可逆隐藏方案

利用Paillier加密的加法同态性质,构造了一个密文域可逆隐写方案。图像拥有者对图像进行预处理,为嵌入消息预留空间,尔后用图像接收者的公钥对图像进行Paillier加密并发送给消息嵌入者;消息嵌入者在接收到密文图像后,利用密钥解密部分信息并将要潜入信息的密文与原图像的密文进行一个同态密文操作;接收者在接收到密文图像后,利用私钥对其进行解密,得到均衡化后的图像,若接收者拥有提取密钥,则可以利用提取算法对消息进行提取并恢复出原始图像。通过MATLAB实验验证了该方案的正确性和良好的嵌入率。     

基于直方图修正的H.264视频加密域可逆信息隐藏

为实现视频加密域的可逆信息隐藏,首先使用随机二进制序列对运动矢量的符号位进行加密,然后通过运动矢量直方图修正进行信息的嵌入。信息嵌入算法是对称的,这样可以保证嵌入过程与提取过程均可分离,这样第三方管理者可以在不进行解密的情况下对存储的视频嵌入各种控制信息,保证了用户信息的隐私性。而视频的所有者在下载了视频后,无论是否进行解密,均可进行信息的提取。实验证明在拥有较大嵌入容量的前提下,实现了信息嵌入提取与视频加解密之间的可分离性,且算法完全可逆。     

基于Paillier同态公钥加密系统的可逆信息隐藏算法

为提高密文域可逆信息隐藏的嵌入容量,提出了一种基于Paillier同态公钥加密系统的可逆信息隐藏算法.首先对原始图像进行位平面分割,而后对高位位平面进行定长游程编码压缩,利用低位位平面中元素重构高位位平面,最后利用Paillier同态公钥加密系统加密图像,通过同态乘法嵌入秘密数据.接收端可直接在密文域中通过模乘法逆元提取秘密数据,在直接解密的情况下可实现原始图像的无损还原.实验结果表明,算法的最大平均嵌入率为0.128 bpp,实现了解密与提取的可分离,提取正确率为100%.     

基于NTRU的密文域可逆信息隐藏算法

NTRU (number theory research unit)具有抗量子计算攻击、加解密速度快、安全性高的特点,非常适合用于无线保密数据网、认证系统等业务。结合可逆信息隐藏技术,提出了一种基于NTRU的密文域可逆信息隐藏算法。首先利用差值扩展算法完成对图像像素的预处理;然后使用NTRU算法对图像像素进行加密,利用NTRU算法的加法同态性质在密文中嵌入信息,嵌入的信息得到NTRU算法加密的安全性理论保证;解密与信息提取后,利用差值扩展算法的特点可逆恢复出图像像素。采用图像的直方图及方差、信息熵、相邻像素的相关性等统计学方法,论证了在密文中嵌入信息的不可感知性。仿真实验结果表明：该算法既能实现嵌入信息后密文的正确解密,又能无损提取秘密信息,平均嵌入率可达到0.5 bpp (bit per pixel)。     

用于实现医学图像对比度增强的密文域可逆信息隐藏算法

针对现有密文域医学图像可逆信息隐藏算法存在解密图像视觉质量较低的问题,提出了一种基于差值直方图平移的密文域可逆信息隐藏算法。首先,发送方采用具有同态密文比较性质的加密算法对原始医学图像进行加密,从而保证医学图像的隐私内容不被泄露。然后,嵌入方利用同态性质对接收到的密文图像计算差值直方图,并通过平移差值直方图在密文图像中嵌入信息。为了获得较大的嵌入率,嵌入方可对密文图像进行多轮次信息嵌入。最后,接收方根据拥有的密钥种类对接收到的含有嵌入信息的密文图像进行信息提取、图像解密和图像恢复。实验结果表明,本文算法提升了解密医学图像的视觉质量,同时具有较高的嵌入率和安全性。     

基于整数变换的加密图像可逆信息隐藏算法

兼顾嵌入容量和算法安全性,提出了一种基于整数变换的加密图像可逆信息隐藏算法。内容所有者利用变换密钥,选取相应的两相邻像素为一组进行整数变换。变换后的像素组受该整数变换特性的约束,使得其中任意一个最低有效位(LSB Least Significant Bit)被替换后,仍能恢复出原始像素组。因此,信息隐藏者可根据相同的密钥找到加密图像中已进行变换的像素组,利用嵌入密钥替换对应像素的LSB完成隐秘信息可逆嵌入。只有同时拥有变换密钥和嵌入密钥,才能正确提取嵌入信息;只有同时拥有变换密钥及加密密钥,才能恢复出原图像,所以算法安全性较高。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地在加密域中直接进行信息的嵌入及提取,并在解密后无损地恢复出原图像;而且该算法的嵌入率可高达0.47 bpp(bit per pixel)。     

密文域可逆信息隐藏研究进展及技术难点分析

密文域可逆信息隐藏技术融合了加密技术和信息隐藏技术的双重优势,旨在实现公开信道上数据内容的隐私保护和信息的可逆嵌入功能,以应对云环境下日益复杂的用户应用需求。本文从密态数据管理、情报隐蔽通信、军事协同作战、技术融合创新4个应用场景分析密文域可逆信息隐藏的研究价值,根据信息嵌入与数据加密的操作关系对密文域可逆信息隐藏分类,对不同嵌入框架下的技术发展进行阐述和总结。同时,从嵌入性能提升、可分离性实现、图像的加密安全性、满足云环境下的应用需求4个方面对密文域可逆信息隐藏的技术难点进行剖析,并对后续研究方向进行分析和展望。     

基于排序码分多址的密文域可逆信息隐藏

为解决图像密文域可逆信息隐藏嵌入容量小的问题,通过使用码分多址的方法研究了密文域可逆信息隐藏,提出了利用排序码分多址的方法嵌入秘密信息。首先对图像进行置乱加密。然后对加密后的图像按列进行升序排列并记录排序索引。最后,使用码分多址的嵌入序列对秘密信息进行扩频编码;而后嵌入至载体图像,嵌入后再利用排序索引进行逆排序,得到携密图像。利用码分多址嵌入序列的正交特性,实现秘密信息的多层嵌入。通过仿真实验表明,算法的密文域可逆信息隐藏嵌入容量显著提高,消除了使用码分多址嵌入时图像纹理复杂度对嵌入容量的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to