改性泥炭对UO^2＋2,^137Cs等吸附交换性能的影响

泥炭经化学处理可有效吸附交换水中微量放射性元素离子等,用于净化水体。用廉价、易得的改性泥炭作吸附剂,研究改性泥炭中腐植酸对ＵＯ＾２＋２、＾１３７Ｃｓ、＾１６９Ｙｂ和ＨＰＯ＾２－４的吸附交换;由吸附交换规律及测定的吸附交换平衡时间考察了ｐＨ等因素对吸附率Ｅ、分配系数Ｋｄ的影响;测定了吸附等温线,发现改性泥炭对ＵＯ＾２＋２和＾１６９Ｙｂ的吸附交换服从Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温式,而对＾１３７Ｃｓ和ＨＰＯ     

改性泥炭对UO_2~(2+)、~(137)Cs等吸附交换性能的影响

泥炭经化学处理可有效吸附交换水中微量放射性元素离子等,用于净化水体．用廉价、易得的改性泥炭作吸附剂,研究改性泥炭中腐植酸对ＵＯ２＋２ 、１３７Ｃｓ、１６９Ｙｂ 和ＨＰＯ２－４ 的吸附交换;由吸附交换规律及测定的吸附交换平衡时间考察了ｐＨ 等因素对吸附率Ｅ、分配系数Ｋｄ 的影响;测定了吸附等温线,发现改性泥炭对ＵＯ２＋２ 和１６９Ｙｂ 的吸附交换服从Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ 等温式,而对１３７Ｃｓ和ＨＰＯ２－４的吸附交换则服从Ｌａｎｇｍ ｉｕｒ等温式,并讨论了吸附交换机理．     

改性泥炭对^169Yb吸附性能的研究

用静态法研究了化学改性泥炭对＾１６９Ｙｂ的吸附交换性能。讨论了改性泥炭中的植酸对＾１６９Ｙｂ的吸附平衡时间,ｐＨ对吸附率Ｅ％的影响,不同方法处理的泥炭对分配系数Ｋｄ的影响,改性泥炭对＾１６９Ｙｂ的吸附服从Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ吸附等温式。     

空间L^2HR^1（R＋^2^R＋^2）

建立了积域上的新Ｈａｒｄｙ空间Ｌ＾２ＨＲ＾１（Ｒ＋＾２×Ｒ＋＾２）和它的对偶空间ＣＭＯ２（Ｒ×Ｒ）在Ｄａｕｂｅｃｈｉｅｓ意义下的波特征。     

水溶液中Cu^2＋与胆固醇的相互作用

用双乙醛草酰二腙分光光度法测定了在不同条件下，胆固醇在水溶液中对Ｃｕ＾２＋的吸附情况，得出胆固醇与Ｃｕ＾２＋相互作用属物理吸附的关系，并就ＣＵ＾２＋与高胆固醇血症的关系进行了讨论。     

某些添加剂对Ti／PbO2电极上ClO4^—离子阳极形成过程的影响

本用分解极化曲线法研究了某些添加剂对Ｔｉ／ＰｂＯ２电极上ＣｌＯ４＾－离子阳极形成过程的影响，研究结果表明，Ｆ＾－，ＣｌＯ４＾－，ＢｒＯ３＾－，Ｂ４Ｏ７＾２－，Ｂａ＾２＋等离子均使ＣｌＯ４＾－的阳极形成电流效率提高，而Ｃｒ２Ｏ７＾２－，Ｓ２Ｏ８＾２－，ＳＯ４＾２－，ＭｏＯ４＾２－，ＩＯ４６－，Ｐ２Ｏ７＾４－，Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６＾４－，Ｃａ＾２＋和Ｍｇ＾２＋等离子均使电流效率降低，根据假设的机理讨论了使     

^4^5Ca跨膜流动测定技术用于中药钙拮抗作用的研究

应用４５Ｃａ跨膜流动测定研究的钙拮抗剂ｖｅｒａｐａｍｉｌ，中药西红花（Ｃｒｏｃｕｓ ＳａｔｉｖｕｓＬ．），“地奥心血康”（ＤＡＸＸＫ），川红花及银杏叶等对大鼠主动脉４５Ｃａ跨膜内流的作用，以确定其对细胞膜Ｃａ＾２＾＋通道影响。实验结果表明：西红花，川红花，ＤＡＸＸＫ对平滑肌细胞膜上电压依赖Ｃａ＾２＾＋通道（ＰＤＣ）和受体操纵Ｃａ＾２＾＋通道（ＲＯＣ）都有阻滞作用，并以西红花的阻滞作用最强；而银杏叶     

单次碰撞条件下研究He（2^3S）与CO碰撞的Penning电离过程

利用分子束方法研究Ｈｅ（２＾２Ｓ）＋ＣＯ的Ｐｅｎｎｉｎｇ电离过程。给出了产物ＣＯ＾＋（Ａ）和ＣＯ＾＋（Ｂ）的分支比为１：２．２。这被归结于ＣＯ（Ｘ）的１π和４σ轨道活性的差异。初生态ＣＯ＾＋（Ａ）的振动分布与相应的跃迁的Ｆｒａｎｃｋ－Ｃｏｎｄｏｎ因子一致。说明此电离过程是一个垂直跃迁过程。并详细给出了初生态产物ＣＯ＾＋（Ｂ，ｖ０３ ７＝０）和ＣＯ＾＋（Ａ，ｖ＇＝０，１，２，３）的转动温度，产物转动     

壳聚糖对重金属离子的吸附行为

壳聚糖是一种天然高分子化合物，高分子链段中含有－ＮＨ２，－ＯＨ活性基团，与重金属离子形形茂配位化合物，可制成高分子吸附剂吸附重金属离子，以Ｃｕ＾２＋和Ｐｂ＾２＋为研究对象，探讨了外界因素温度、ＰＨ、时间对吸附的影响，并从等温吸附方同发，研究了吸附的内在机理。     

掺杂Cu^2＋离子的类水滑石[（CdxMg6—xAl2（OH）16]^2＋[S.2H2O]^2—中Cu^2＋离子

我们已合成了掺杂Ｃｕ＾２＋离子的类水滑石「ＣｄＭｇ６－ｘＡｌ２（ＯＨ）１６」＾２＋「Ｓ．２Ｈ２Ｏ」＾２－,并对其进行了表征,本文主要讨论该样品中Ｃｕ＾２＋离子的含量,并用顺磁光谱法研究Ｃｕ＾２＋在样品中的配位环境。     

典型吸附材料对含Cs废水的吸附效能对比研究

选取活性炭、高岭土、蒙脱土、膨润土、沸石和凹凸棒土6种典型吸附材料,通过静态批实验,探索吸附过程关键影响要素（吸附时间、初始质量浓度、溶液pH和温度）对吸附过程的影响,并结合吸附动力学模型和吸附等温线,实现6种吸附材料对含铯(Cs)废水的吸附效能对比研究. 结果表明:在相同的吸附时间内,6种吸附材料对Cs的吸附效能由高到低排序为沸石、凹凸棒土、膨润土、蒙脱土、活性炭、高岭土; 沸石对Cs的吸附率几乎不受初始质量浓度和温度的影响,其余材料适合在偏碱性环境中、30 ℃条件下去除Cs;活性炭、高岭土、蒙脱土和凹凸棒土均适合在低初始质量浓度下去除Cs;6种吸附材料对Cs的吸附过程均非单一吸附机制,而是多种吸附机制共同作用的结果. 6种典型吸附材料中,沸石、凹凸棒土与膨润土对含Cs放射性废水的处理具有明显效果,特别是沸石,吸附性能好且适应性广泛,在放射性废水的处置中具有一定应用价值.      

Impacts of the Fukushima nuclear accident on the China Seas: Evaluation based on anthropogenic radionuclide 137Cs

In order to evaluate the impact of the Fukushima nuclear accident on the China Seas, seawater samples from the South China Sea (SCS), the East China Sea (ECS) and the Yellow Sea (YS) were collected in April–June 2011, and their ¹³⁷Cs activities were measured using low-background γ-spectrometry. ¹³⁷Cs activities in the study area ranged from 0.75±0.07 to 1.43±0.08 Bq m^?3 with an average of 1.12±0.08 Bq m^?3. ¹³⁷Cs activities initially increased from the nearshore to the inner shelf, and subsequently decreased from the inner shelf to the outer shelf. Vertical profiles showed higher ¹³⁷Cs activities at the surface but lower activities at depth in the ECS, suggesting atmospheric input of ¹³⁷Cs. As such, the distribution pattern of ¹³⁷Cs in the region was presumably determined by a combination of atmospheric deposition and subsequent mixing between different water masses including the coastal currents, the Yangtze River plume and the Taiwan Warm Currents. Based on the inventory of 93 Bq m^?2 and the atmospheric deposition flux of ¹³⁷Cs in the ECS of 32.2 mBq m^?2 d^?1 (5.4–42.9 mBq m^?2 d^?1) which we estimated, we derived the residence time of ¹³⁷Cs in the upper water column to be 66 d (45–95 d). We concluded that in terms of ¹³⁷Cs, the ECS was less impacted by the Fukushima accident as compared to the Chernobyl accident. The released amount of ¹³⁷Cs into the ECS from the Fukushima accident was minute.     

Preliminary results of the study on wind erosion in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau using 137Cs technique

The worldwide fallout of caesium-137 (137Cs) associated with the nuclear weapon tests during the 1950s and 1960s has provided a valuable man-made tracer for studies of soil erosion and sediment delivery. But relatively few researchers have used it to estimate wind erosion. In this note, the 137Cs technique is introduced into the studies of wind erosion and its modern processes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Two 137Cs reference inventories of 982.11 and 2 376.04 Bq·m-2 were established preminarily, distributed in the south and middle-north parts of the studied area respectively. By analyzing the patterns of 137Cs depth profiles from sampling sites, the aeolian processes of erosion and deposition in nearly 40 years have been revealed, i.e. the shrub coppice dunes (S1) and semi-fixed dunefields (S3) experienced the alternation of erosion and deposition, while the grasslands (S4, S6 and S7) and dry farmlands (S5) suffered erosion only. By using 137Cs model, the average wind erosion rates for shrub coppice dune (S1), semi-fixed dune fields (S3), dry farmlands (S5) and grasslands (S4, S6 and S7) were estimated to be 84.14, 69.43, 30.68 and 21.84 t·ha-1·a-1 respectively, averaging 47.59 t·ha-1·a-1 for the whole plateau, which can be regarded as of the medium erosion standard. These results derived from 137Cs for the first time have significant implications for the further research of wind erosion and desertification control in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.     

柳江河沉积物对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附等温线研究

本文进行了柳江河不同河段沉积物对铜离子的等温吸附研究,发现柳江河河段的沉积物对铜离子的吸附能力不同,沉积物对铜离子的吸附符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ和Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温吸附方程。     

137 Cs在土壤中淋溶迁移的模拟试验

~(137)Cs作为示踪元素广泛应用于土壤侵蚀及泥沙沉积研究中,其在土壤中的稳定性是决定其能否用于示踪土壤沉积与侵蚀的前提条件.但也有学者对应用~(137)Cs示踪技术的重要假设提出质疑,认为被土壤颗粒吸附的~(137)Cs易解吸成Cs+离子,随水流失或被植物吸收.本文利用双层土柱模拟淋溶装置研究了~(137)Cs和土壤粒径组成在不同雨量条件下的淋失和垂直迁移特征.结果表明,在600~3 000mm降雨量内,土壤中~(137)Cs平均质量活度为10.9Bq·kg-1,略小于试验前的11.5Bq·kg~(-1),与雨量并无显著相关性,土壤中的~(137)Cs有向下垂直迁移现象,但并不显著;土壤中~(137)Cs质量活度与土壤中的黏粒含量有很好的正相关性,决定系数R2达到0.73;有待于增加模拟雨量,作进一步研究.     

腐殖质对Cu2+和Pb2+的吸附特性

研究了腐殖质对重金属Cu2 和Pb2 的吸附特性.结果表明:腐殖质对Cu2 、Pb2 均具有较强的吸附性能,但存在着明显的差异,腐殖质对Pb2 的吸附能力远远大干Cu2 .腐殖质对Cu2 的吸附用Langmuir方程拟合效果优于用Freundlich方程拟合效果,而两个方程对Pb2 吸附的拟合程度都较好.用Langmuir吸附等温武推测腐殖质对Cu2 、Pb2 的饱和吸附量,分别为13.09 mg/g和84.15 mg/g,腐殖质对Pb2 的饱和吸附量几乎是Cu2 的6.4倍.pH对吸附的影响很大,pH较高时腐殖质具有较大的吸附量.通过IR光谱分析表明,羧基和羟基与重金属离子的络合引起腐殖质对Cu2 和Pb2 的吸附.     

Preliminary results of the study on wind erosion in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau using137Cs technique

The worldwide fallout of caesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs) associated with the nuclear weapon tests during the 1950s and 1960s has provided a valuable man-made tracer for studies of soil erosion and sediment delivery. But relatively few researchers have used it to estimate wind erosion. In this note, the¹³⁷Cs technique is introduced into the studies of wind erosion and its modern processes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Two¹³⁷Cs reference inventories of 982.11 and 2 376.04 Bq · m⁻² were established preminarily, distributed in the south and middle-north parts of the studied area respectively. By analyzing the patterns of¹³⁷Cs depth profiles from sampling sites, the aeolian processes of erosion and deposition in nearly 40 years have been revealed, i.e. the shrub coppice dunes (S1) and semi-fixed dunefields (S3) experienced the alternation of erosion and deposition, while the grasslands (S4, S6 and S7) and dry farmlands (S5) suffered erosion only. By using¹³⁷Cs model, the average wind erosion rates for shrub coppice dune (S1), semi-fixed dune fields (S3), dry farmlands (S5) and grasslands (S4, S6 and S7) were estimated to be 84.14, 69.43, 30.68 and 21.84 t · ha¹ · a⁻¹ respectively, averaging 47.59 t · ha⁻¹ · a⁻¹ for the whole plateau, which can be regarded as of the medium erosion standard. These results derived from Cs for the first time have significant implications for the further research of wind erosion and desertification control in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.     

贵州遵义埃洛石对Sr、Co、Cs的吸附性能实验研究

对贵州遵义埃洛石吸附Sr、Co、Cs的性能进行了实验研究,结果表明:(1)埃洛石对Sr2 、Cs2 、Co2 的吸附能力随着pH值增大而增大;(2)埃洛石对Sr2 、Cs2 、Co2 的吸附随着液固比的增大,吸附率逐渐增大,单位质量吸附量明显减小;(3)埃洛石对Sr2 、Cs2 、Co2 的吸附过程中,当吸附剂量相同时,其单位质量吸附量随初始浓度的升高而增加,吸附率则随初始浓度的升高而减小;(4)埃洛石对Sr2 、Cs2 、Co2 的吸附主要靠断键产生的可变负电荷和分子吸附。     

柳江河沉积物去除水中Cu(Ⅱ)的实验研究

通过对柳江河沉积物与铜离子交换吸附作用的实验研究发现 :1 )铜离子与沉积物的交换吸附为一价阳离子交换 ;2 )不同站位的沉积物对铜离子的交换吸附能力不同 ;3 )吸附规律符合 Freundlich和 Langmuir等温吸附方程