超声场对超临界CO2萃取除虫菊酯的影响

在有、无超声场(20 kHz,200W-电功率)中用超临界CO2萃取除虫菊酯,结果表明,超声场能强化传质的内、外扩散过程,从而提高萃取速率.还在35~45℃,8~18 MPa下测定了有、无超声场作用下除虫菊酯在超临界CO2中的溶解度.结果表明,施加超声场能提高除虫菊酯在超临界CO2中的溶解度,用Chrastil模型和改进的Chrastil模型对超声场中的测定结果进行处理,表明用改进的Chrastil模型关联能获得较好的结果.     

4,4'-二异氰酸酯二苯甲烷在超临界CO_2中溶解行为研究（英文）

测定了温度为313~353 K、压力为9.6~16.3 MPa条件下,4,4'-二异氰酸酯二苯甲烷(MDI)在超临界CO_2中的溶解度,运用Bartle和Chrastil半经验模型对溶解度数据进行了关联分析.结果表明:实验数据和理论数据吻合良好,平均值绝对相关偏差对Bartle模型在4.56%~10.68%,Chrastil模型为10.79%.根据Kumar和Johnston的理论算得MDI在该条件下的超临界CO2中的偏摩尔体积V_2.     

甲氧羰基乙酸己酯在超临界二氧化碳中溶解行为研究(英文)

设计合成了甲氧羰基乙酸己酯,确定了其结构,在压力为8.5¹8.6 MPa,温度为31318.6 MPa,温度为313³53 K测定了其在超临界CO2中的溶解度.并运用Bartle和Chrastil半经验模型对溶解度数据进行关联,由Kumar-Johnston理论计算其在超临界相中的偏摩尔体积.结果表明:甲氧羰基乙酸丁酯在8.5 MPa、313 K下溶解度高达2.62×10-3mol/L,与理论计算结果相关性良好,平均相对偏差分别为3.28%353 K测定了其在超临界CO2中的溶解度.并运用Bartle和Chrastil半经验模型对溶解度数据进行关联,由Kumar-Johnston理论计算其在超临界相中的偏摩尔体积.结果表明:甲氧羰基乙酸丁酯在8.5 MPa、313 K下溶解度高达2.62×10-3mol/L,与理论计算结果相关性良好,平均相对偏差分别为3.28%⁵8.65%和0.0068%58.65%和0.0068%²7.7%.在313,333,353 K温度下,其偏摩尔体积分别为-5708.79,-1665.36,-707.43 cm3/mol.     

α-生育酚在超临界CO_2中溶解度神经网络模型的建立

生育酚有很高的生理活性 ,油脂生产中得到的脱臭馏出物含有丰富的天然生育酚 作为萃取生育酚的基础 ,对甲酯化油脂脱臭馏出物中α -生育酚在超临界CO2 中的溶解度进行了测试 ,并用Chrastil分子缔合模型和RBF神经网络模型对溶解度数据进行了拟合 Chrastil分子缔合模型的相对误差为 2 5.36% 对于RBF神经网络模型 ,经过网络学习和训练 ,训练集平均误差仅为 0 .2 3% ,测试集误差为 6.4 8% ,效果比较理想     

乙醇、丙醇和T醇在超临界二氧化碳中的溶解度

目的 测定313K,333K温度下不同压力范围内乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇在超临界CO_2中的的溶解度数据,并利用经验公式进行拟合.方法 采用固定体积可视观察法.结果 应用Chrastil半经验溶解度模型拟合了所研究的二元体系的溶解度数据,而且得到了对应于该系统的溶解度方程参数.结论 在相同温度下,随着CO_2密度的升高,溶质在气相中的溶解度升高.拟合结果与实验数据基本一致,为该体系超临界萃取条件的确立和指导工业化生产提供理论依据.     

联吡啶衍生物在超临界CO2中的溶解度和偏摩尔体积研究

在313K、323K、333K和10.4～18.8MPa下,通过静态观察法系统测定了2,2’-联吡啶-4,4’-二甲酸二(2-丁氧基)乙酯,2,2’-联吡啶-4,4’-二甲酸二[2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)]乙酯和2,2’-联吡啶-4,4’-二甲酸二[2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)]乙酯在超临界CO2中的溶解度,并采用Bartle和Chrastil半经验模型对3种联吡啶衍生物在超临界CO2中溶解度实验数据进行了关联和计算.结果表明:由Bartle和Chrastil模型关联计算的平均相对偏差分别为10.71%、16.20%、4.96%和8.31%、11.36%、5.36%,关联度均很高.运用Kumar-Johnston理论算得3种联吡啶衍生物在313K、323K、333 K下的偏摩尔体积范围在-14711.5～-1629.9 cm3/mol内.     

压缩态CO2萃取除虫菊酯的初步研究

以压缩态CO2为溶剂提取除虫菊花中的除虫菊酯.选用L9(34)正交表,以除虫菊酯平均浓度为指标,分别考察有、无夹带剂存在时,温度、压力、CO2流体流量对萃取效率的影响.结果表明,压力与温度是萃取的主要影响因素;以水作夹带剂可以提高除虫菊酯萃取效率.实验还表明,用现有小合成氨厂高压设备,开发除虫菊酯生产是可行的.     

α—生育酚在超临界CO2中溶解度神经网络模型的建立

生育酚有很高的生理活性,油脂生产中得到的脱馏出物含有丰富的天然生育酚。作为萃取生育酚的基础,对甲酯化油脂脱臭馏出物中α－生育酚在超临界CO2中的溶解度进行了测试,并用Chrastil分子合模型和RBF神经网络模型对溶解度数据进行了拟合。Chrastil分子合模型的相对误差为25．36％。对RBF神经网络模型,经过网络学习和训练,训练集平均误差仅为0．23％,测试集误差为6．48％,效果比较理想。     

甲氧酰基乙酸丁酯在超临界CO2中的溶解度和偏摩尔体积研究

设计合成了非氟亲CO2化合物甲氧酰基乙酸丁酯C8H14O4,利用1H、13C核磁共振和元素分析表征其结构,在不同温度（313,333,353 K）和压力（8.3～12.3 MPa）下测试了其在超临界CO2中的溶解度.并运用Chrastil半经验模型对溶解度数据进行关联,由Kumar-Johnston理论计算了其在超临界相中的偏摩尔体积.结果表明：甲氧酰基乙酸丁酯在8.3MPa、313K下溶解度高达3.73×10-3mol/L,与理论计算结果相关性良好,平均相对偏差为19.13%,在313,333,353K温度下,其偏摩尔体积分别为-6403.82,-626.70,-308.98 cm3/mol.     

乙二醇单醚在超临界二氧化碳中溶解度的研究及关联

采用静态法测试了乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单丁醚在超临界二氧化碳中的溶解度,测试温度分别为313,323,333,343,353和363 K,压力为8.2～18.3 MPa;利用2种半经验公式Bartle和Chrastil对溶解度进行了计算和关联,结果表明:溶解度的实验值与理论值具有良好的一致性,其平均相对偏差范围分别为8.88%～16.72%和6.00%～7.84%;根据Kumar and Johnston理论,由溶解度数据计算不同温度下2种物质在超临界CO2中的偏摩尔体积V珔2.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with