CTAB/环己醇/甲苯/水体系的相行为和结构特性

确定了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/环己醇/水三组分体系的O/W、W/O和油、水双连续结构区域,求得环己醇在CTAB胶束相和水相之间的分配系数K=138.9;研究了CTAB/环己醇/水体系微乳液对甲苯的增溶作用以及甲苯对微乳液稳定性的影响,结果表明微乳液的稳定性随甲苯含量的增加而降低;以荧光探针法测定了CTAB胶束微环境的极性和甲苯在O/W微乳液液滴相与水连续相之间的分配系数(Kx=1.382×103),并计算出甲苯从水相转移到O/W微乳液液滴相的标准转移自由能变化ΔG° t=-17.93kJ·mol-1.     

油酸/EL-60/水体系的相行为研究

绘制了油酸/EL-60/水体系的拟三元相图,用电导法对体系相行为的转变作了详细研究.比较了不同类型的短链醇及其不同含量对微乳体系相行为的影响.结果表明:油酸/EL-60/水体系的拟三元相图包括微乳区、乳液区和液晶与微乳的混合区等区域,且微乳区较小;用电导率法推断体系结构的变化与从绘制相图得出的结果基本符合;当选用异丙醇作为助表面活性剂且当EL-60和异丙醇的质量比为6:4时,能得到较大的微乳区.     

含离子液体超临界CO_2微乳液的分子模拟

微乳液的性质与组成和结构密切相关,需要深入认识其聚集体的微观结构。对[bmim][PF_6]、[bmim][BF_4]、[bmim][Ac]这3种离子液体分别构建的Ls-36型超临界CO_2微乳液体系进行了分子动力学模拟研究,结果表明均可以形成稳定的微乳液,且微乳液结构类似。Ls-36尾链在CO_2中的伸展角度受离子液体阴离子结构的影响而有显著不同,[bmim][Ac]体系Ls-36尾链更靠近聚团外表面法线方向,相对于聚团外表面法线夹角范围为30°~70°,微乳液半径值也最大,为3.12 nm。[bmim][PF_6]体系Ls-36尾链相对于法线夹角范围为78°~125°,微乳液半径为2.88 nm。[bmim][BF_4]体系Ls-36尾链更贴近聚团一侧伸展,相对于法线夹角范围为107°~150°,微乳液半径值最小,为2.75 nm。相同表面活性剂浓度、含水量、温度及压力条件下,[bmim][Ac]体系聚乳速度最快、体系更稳定,同时对极性水分子的捕获能力最强,可达93.75%。     

Brij97/异丙醇微乳液的形成及其相转变

通过拟三元相图法研究了聚氧乙烯(10)油基醚(Brij97)/异丙醇/乙酸丁酯/水体系微乳液的形成；用循环伏安法和电导率法观察了该微乳液体系的微乳相结构转变.结果表明,此低毒体系能形成较大的微乳区；微乳液相结构随着含水量的不同发生了由油包水(W/O)→双连续(B.C.)→水包油(O/W)型的连续转变过程.     

CTAB/正丁醇/环己烷/水微乳体系相行为的研究

测定了CTAB/正丁醇/环已烷/水三相微乳液体系的“鱼状”相图和单相微乳液体系拟三元相图。从“鱼状”相图的位置考察了CTAB形成单相微乳液的效能。用电导法确定了单相微乳液体系的结构（W/O、B.C.、和O/W）。考察了微乳液结构和温度对微乳液电导率的影响。     

电导法研究阳离子表面活性剂微乳液

应用电导法研究了CTAB/正丁醇/苯/水微乳液,在CTAB/正丁醇/苯的质量比1：1：2下,测定不同含水量的电导率,以及不同含水量的dlnσ/dT.实验结果表明,CTAB/正丁醇/苯/水微乳液具有连续的微乳区,在油包水型（W/O）微乳液和水包油型（O/W）微乳液之间存在双连续结构型（BC）微乳液.随着含水量的增大,在W/O区,微乳液的电导率不断升高,dlnσ/dT较慢地增大;在BC区,电导率基本不变,dlnσ/dT也先保持基本不变,接近O/W区时有明显增大;在O/W区,电导率不断升高,dlnσ/dT也较快地增大.     

以非电解质溶液为水相的微乳液研究

在CTAB/正丁醇/苯的质量比为1∶1∶2,温度30℃时,分别以水和不同浓度的蔗糖溶液作为水相配制微乳液并测定电导率。以0-0.15 mol.dm-3蔗糖溶液为水相的微乳液的微乳区和电导率与纯水微乳液基本相同;以0.15-0.85 mol.dm-3蔗糖溶液为水相的微乳液的微乳区与纯水微乳液基本相同,而电导率则较大幅度地降低;以0.85-2 mol.dm-3蔗糖溶液为水相的微乳液的微乳区较大幅度地减小,电导率也较大地降低。     

丙烯酸酯微乳液聚合体系的构建

在正交试验探索构建丙烯酸酯微乳液聚合体系的基础上 ,采用目视滴定法考察了助乳化剂对微乳液相行为的影响 ,描绘了微乳液体系的拟三元相图 ,并用电导法将单相微乳液进行了类型分区 .反相微乳液聚合表明 ,虽然正戊醇和丙烯酸都可以作为助乳化剂协同十二烷基硫酸钠形成稳定的单相微乳液 ,但是正戊醇微乳液体系在聚合过程中发生相分离 ,丙烯酸体系则聚合过程稳定 ,得到了透明的聚合物凝胶材料 .     

萃取剂P204对微乳液体系相态的影响

用拟三元相图考察了OP-4[壬基酚聚氧乙烯(4)醚]和OP-7[壬基酚聚氧乙烯(7)醚]为表面活性剂所形成的非离子型微乳液体系(OP-4 OP-7)/苯甲醇/煤油/HCl在有或无萃取剂P204[二(2-乙基己基)磷酸]时的相态及其增溶性质.结果表明,微乳液体系中无P204时,相图中存在W/O单相区、WinsorⅠ、Ⅱ和一个较大的WinsorⅢ区;加入P204后,微乳液系统的相态变化趋于简单,此时形成的W/O微乳液适合作为液膜提取稀土钕.     

AS/n-C4H9OH/c-C6H12/H2O微乳液体系稳定条件

用相图研究了AS／n-C4OH／c-C6H12／H2O微乳液体系的稳定条件,结果表明此微乳液体系有较宽范围的微乳液稳定相区域,微乳液稳定相区对温度和pH值不敏感。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.