鼠李糖脂对生物淋滤除制革污泥中铬的影响

通过接种经生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂驯化培养的制革污泥土著混合硫杆菌,研究不同浓度的鼠李糖脂对制革污泥中Cr溶出效果的影响;同时探讨不同浓度的鼠李糖脂对混合硫杆菌氧化硫能力影响。结果表明,投加0.5~1 g/L鼠李糖脂能促进混合硫杆菌氧化元素硫;并随着投加量的增加,元素硫的氧化率提高。在制革污泥生物淋滤中,鼠李糖脂最佳投加量是1.0 g/L,经过12 d的淋滤,镉的溶出率达到83.98%;而对照组Cr的溶出率为60.14%。     

Fe3+浸出污水污泥中重金属实验研究

在25 ℃,污泥浓度20 g/L条件下,以硫酸铁为萃取剂对两种污泥(W1＆W2)进行重金属浸出研究.结果表明,向污泥中投加硫酸铁能导致污泥酸化和污泥中重金属的溶出.投加量越大,污泥pH值降得越低,重金属的溶出率也越高.向W1中投加按Fe3 计算为1.5 g/L硫酸铁时,其pH值降至3.02,Cd,Cu,Zn溶出率分别可达到82.5%,70.9%和89.0%;向W2中投加4.5 g/L Fe3 ,其pH值降至3.19,Cd,Cu,Zn的溶出率分别可达到80.0%,88.2%和92.1%.在相同pH条件下,Fe3 比硫酸能更有效浸出污泥中重金属;用Fe3 浸提污泥中重金属能达到与生物淋滤法同等的溶出效果,并缩短了反应时间.用Fe3 浸出污泥中重金属具有一定可行性.     

产纤溶酶菌株的发酵条件优化

筛选了1株产纤溶酶能力较强的芽孢杆菌,对其液体发酵条件进行了优化,结果表明菌株产酶最佳的各组分质量浓度为木糖20 g/L,大豆蛋白胨30 g/L,Na2HPO41 g/L,MgSO41 g/L,CaCl20.1 g/L,吐温40为2 g/L.种龄16 h,接种量3%,发酵周期3 d,起始pH为7.0,摇床转速200 r/min,发酵温度37℃,在此条件下发酵液纤溶酶活性(相当尿激酶活力单位)高达862.2 U/mL.     

泡沫分离法去除水中微量铜和镍二元金属离子的研究

采用正交设计方法,对不同种类的表面活性剂进行了筛选.实验结果表明,在碱性环境下,当溶气水流量为200 L/h,溶气压为0.24 MPa时,以12烷基硫酸钠作为分离剂具有较好的分离效果,Cu2 和Ni2 的去除率分别为93.50%和92.15%.在此基础上,采用单因素实验考察了表面活性剂质量浓度、pH值、溶气水流量及紊凝剂用量对泡沫分离Cu2 和Ni2 的影响,并确定出最佳分离工艺条件.实验结果表明,在12烷基硫酸钠质量浓度为15 mg/L,pH值为11,溶气压力为0.24 MPa,硫酸铝(絮凝剂)用量为15 mg/L时,Cu2 和Ni2 的去除率可分别达到92.46%和93.14%.     

复合硝化菌群处理氨氮废水

从生物陶粒反应器中筛选出6株自养硝化细菌和2株异养硝化细菌,6株自养菌的硝化速率为1.03～1.25 mg(L·d).异氧菌SHY4和SHY5在氨氧化培养基中经过12 d的好氧培养,氨氮最终去除率分别为69.73%和80.78%.亚硝酸盐质量浓度最终分别增加到0.124和0.206 mg/L,SHY5在亚硝化培养基中,经过12 d的好氧培养,亚硝酸盐质量浓度最终降低8.87 mg/L,硝酸盐出现积累质量浓度最终增加0.48 mg/L.采用从生物陶粒反应器中分离出的自养硝化细菌和异养硝化细菌建立序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)进行了氨氮去除的试验研究,经过15～21 d的硝化处理,氨氮的平均去除率为64.38%.     

桑肠杆菌VL4-3转化阿魏酸生产香兰素

对能转化阿魏酸生成香兰素的一株桑肠杆菌VL4-3的发酵培养基、发酵培养条件、种子培养基和种子培养条件进行优化.确定了液体发酵的最佳培养基:麸皮10g/L,豆粕1g/L,氯化钠0.5g/L,硫酸亚铁0.5g/L,pH=8;最佳发酵培养条件:接种量10%,摇瓶装液量10%,阿魏酸最大加入量10g/L,37℃,100r/min,避光培养12d;最佳种子培养基:牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基;最佳种子培养条件:25℃,100r/min,24h.在上述优化发酵条件下,发酵液中香兰素最大浓度为2 262.43mg/L,最大转化率为28.87%.     

食用菌菌糠对重金属离子的吸附性

利用廉价生物吸附剂去除污水中Pb2+和Zn2+的技术,研究了食用菌菌糠的吸附特性,调查污水pH、重金属初始浓度、吸附剂用量、吸附时间和温度对其吸附性能的影响.结果表明,在食用菌菌糠吸附剂用量分别为16g/L和12g/L,pH值分别为5和6,初始重金属质量浓度为20mg/L,吸附时间为3h,25℃条件下,达到了最大吸附量,对Pb2+和Zn2+的去除率分别达到92.79%和88.96%,处理后的Pb2+和Zn2+质量浓度分别为1.442mg/L和2.208mg/L,接近污水综合排放标准(GB8978—1996)中的排放质量浓度1mg/L和2mg/L.食用菌菌糠对Pb2+和Zn2+的吸附等温线符合Fleundlich模式.     

N-117负载Fe(Ⅱ)非均相芬顿体系催化降解对氯苯酚

N-117负载铁催化剂能有效催化芬顿反应,铁溶出率低。采用N-117负载非均相芬顿体系催化降解对氯苯酚,研究了初始pH、过氧化氢质量浓度、氯离子质量浓度和腐殖酸质量浓度对对氯苯酚去除效率和催化剂稳定性的影响。结果表明:N-117负载Fe(Ⅱ)催化剂能有效催化降解对氯苯酚,拓宽芬顿反应使用pH范围,降低氯离子催化芬顿反应的抑制效果。当初始pH=9.0时,反应300min对氯苯酚降解率可达87.3%。随着初始pH升高,催化反应速率下降。过氧化氢初始质量浓度为100mg/L,反应20min,对氯苯酚降解率可达95.6%,溶出总铁质量浓度为0.67mg/L;过氧化氢继续增多时,受到高价铁基团和传质速率的限制,对氯苯酚降解速率不随过氧化氢质量浓度升高而加快。氯离子质量浓度在0～500mg/L内升高时,反应60min对氯苯酚降解率能达到87.0%以上,但铁的溶出显著增加,对氯苯酚降解速率减慢。腐殖酸质量浓度由0升高到25mg/L时,反应60min溶出总铁质量浓度由0.67mg/L升高至9.4mg/L,总铁溶出率不高于4.7%,对氯苯酚降解率仍能达到90.2%以上。催化剂使用后负载铁发生团聚,但膜骨架未被氧化破坏。     

表达牛肉风味强化肽P.postoris GS115(pGAP9-16BMP)摇瓶发酵条件的优化

从碳源种类及质量浓度、氮源质量浓度、温度、pH等方面对构建的工程菌P.postoris GS115(pGAP9-16BMP)摇瓶发酵条件进行了优化.结果表明,最佳表达条件为:甘油30 g/L,蛋白胨40 g/L,酵母粉20 g/L,挡板三角瓶装液量为30%,菌体生长阶段控制温度32℃,初始pH 6.0,培养96 h.在此条件下,牛肉风味强化肽BMP(Beefy Meaty Peptide)表达量最高为41.9 mg/L.     

TiO_2/AC粉末对苯酚的光催化降解

由TiCl4一步水解法制得粉状H2O2光催化剂TiO2/AC.讨论了不同条件下TiO2/AC对苯酚的降解效率.结果表明,当苯酚溶液的起始浓度为10mg/L,TiO2在TiO2/AC中的质量分数为95%,TiO2/AC的用量为30mg,H2O2的浓度为50mg/L,pH为5时,光催化剂对苯酚溶液的降解率最高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-