吸力控制下非饱和粉土的动力变形特性

利用美国GCTS公司生产的吸力可控USTX-2000全自动非饱和土/饱和土动三轴仪, 在控制吸力条件下对非饱和粉土的动力变形特性进行试验研究. 开展循环荷载下的动力变形试验, 得到了非饱和粉土试样的动应力应变骨架曲线、动弹性模量和阻尼比. 试验结果表明: 在动荷载作用下, 吸力控制下的非饱和粉土动应力应变关系骨架曲线呈双曲线形, 且吸力越大, 骨架曲线越高; 非饱和粉土的动弹性模量随吸力的增大而增大, 但没有净围压增大效果显著; 非饱和粉土的阻尼比随吸力的增大而减小, 但减小幅度没有净围压增大那样显著; 非饱和粉土的动应力应变关系骨架曲线、动弹性模量以及阻尼比随吸力的变化规律可用非饱和土的平均骨架应力值的变化解释.     

裙结构对裙式吸力基础水平承载性能的影响

通过饱和细砂中裙式吸力基础的水平单调加载模型试验,探究了裙结构对基础水平承载力及土压力分布的影响。结果表明:不同加载高度下,与传统吸力基础相比,裙式吸力基础水平承载力显著提高,有效控制了基础的水平位移,且基础水平承载力随着裙高、裙宽的增加显著增加;不同条件下基础的归一化荷载-水平位移关系曲线可用同一公式表示。基础周围土压力的发展与基础的水平位移有密切联系,相比于裙宽对土压力分布的影响,裙高的变化对于主桶周围土压力分布的影响更为明显。此外,根据净土压力沿深度方向的分布规律,确定水平荷载作用下基础转动点约位于0.6~0.7倍的主桶埋深处。     

干湿循环和吸力对非饱和下蜀土力学特性影响的试验研究

为研究干湿循环和吸力共同作用对非饱和下蜀土力学特性的影响,选取镇江某边坡的下蜀土为研究对象,通过非饱和直剪试验,对不同干湿循环次数及吸力水平下下蜀土力学特性的变化规律进行了研究.结果 表明:随着干湿循环次数的增加,下蜀土表面裂隙明显增加并具有不可逆性;下蜀土的抗剪强度经短暂增大后逐渐降低,并在第4次干湿循环作用后趋于稳定;下蜀土的黏聚力在经历短暂提高后逐渐降低并趋于稳定,而其内摩擦角则随干湿循环次数的增加变化幅度较小,呈上下波动态势;相同干湿循环次数下,吸力的存在对于下蜀土的黏聚力具有提升作用,而对土体内摩擦角的影响则不明显.研究结果可为干湿循环作用下下蜀土边坡的稳定性分析提供计算参数,具有实际工程意义.     

动荷载作用下海底粉土的孔压响应及其动强度

本文选用近海分布较广的粉土为研究对象，利用室内动三轴试验结果，找出动荷载作用下粉土的动应力应变关系。分析模拟波浪荷载作用下粉土中的孔压响应，临界循环次数，确定波浪作用下粉土的应力状态，破坏临界循环次数，判断不同深度处的粉土发生液化的可能性及发生液化所需要的时间；研究粉土在动荷载作用下的强度降低，为海上工程设计和施工提供科学依据。     

基于有效应力法的不排水条件下大直径管桩水平循环动力响应数值分析

基于有效应力原理和黏土边界面塑性本构模型,开发适用于ABAQUS/Explicit的VUMAT子程序。在此基础上,研究不同循环幅值与桩径对软黏土大直径单桩水平响应的影响。研究结果表明：本文所开发程序可有效模拟循环荷载下土体的孔压和位移累积特性与刚度退化行为;循环次数与桩泥线处的桩累积变形大致呈线性关系,受加载幅值比影响;卸载刚度退化与桩累积变形成幂函数关系,且桩径增加,退化趋于严重;对于大直径海洋单桩,桩底易出现超孔压累积,其累积量受循环幅值控制;桩径对超孔压累积量不敏感,但桩径增加后其影响区域显著增加。     

地铁行车荷载下土体动强度和动应力-应变关系

通过对南京地铁三山街站底部的原状淤泥质粉质粘土进行循环三轴仪的室内动三轴试验 ,采用一定的动应力频率、不同的动应力比以及不同的固结状态来模拟地铁行车荷载及隧道周围土体 .研究了在地铁行车循环荷载长期作用下 ,淤泥质粉质粘土的动强度和动应力 -动应变的变化规律 .实验结果表明 ,淤泥质粉质粘土的动强度随动荷载循环次数的增加而降低 ,在设计基础时 ,所取土的强度指标必须根据一次列车的动荷载大小及其循环次数而定 ;淤泥质粉质粘土在地铁列车循环荷载作用下的动应力 -动应变关系的形式仍可用R .L .Kondner的双曲线关系描述 ;土体的动剪切模量、动抗剪强度等具有随动应变值的变化而变化的规律     

干湿循环及水平循环荷载下的码头群桩侧向累积位移

为了揭示干湿循环及水平循环荷载作用下码头群桩累积侧向位移分布特征,基于水平循环受荷的刚度衰减模型和土体抗剪强度干湿循环弱化模型,通过ABAQUS进行二次开发实现了土体刚度衰减和土体抗剪强度干湿循环弱化,并依托三峡库区某在役货运码头,建立了码头群桩-岸坡相互作用三维数值模型.通过数值结果系统分析了三峡库区在干湿循环及水平循环荷载作用下码头群桩桩顶及桩身累积侧向位移.研究表明:干湿循环和水平循环荷载产生的循环效应集中在循环周期的前面阶段;存在临界水平循环荷载比,当水平循环荷载比小于临界值时,累积位移随着循环次数的增加而逐渐增大,在加载后期桩基侧向位移趋于稳定;当水平循环荷载比大于临界值时,累积位移随循环次数的增加而不断增大,在加载后期仍有不断增加的趋势,当桩基设计从控制变形考虑时,建议将水平循环荷载比控制在0.5以内;干湿循环后在水平循环荷载作用下,桩侧累积位移有明显增大的趋势;最后,根据数值计算结果,提出了干湿循环后水平循环荷载作用下群桩桩顶侧向累积位移预测模型,可供工程实践参考.     

基质吸力作用下非饱和粉土强度特性研究

为研究豫东高速公路路基填筑粉土的非饱和力学特性,采用四联非饱和土直剪仪进行控制吸力条件下的强度特性试验,着重分析吸力对非饱和粉土强度的贡献,并对其干密度效应进行了探讨.结果表明,豫东黄河冲积粉土颗粒级配较为集中在0.005~0.075 mm的粉粒组.击实曲线出现了不对称的"双驼峰"现象,但两个干密度峰值相差较大,工程应用中需注意最大干密度的准确获得.非饱和粉土的抗剪强度与固结应力呈线性相关关系.干密度和吸力对粉土的黏聚力c均有影响,但影响规律不同.黏聚力c随吸力的减小呈抛物线变化,在最佳含水率附近黏聚力达到峰值.粉土干密度越大,其黏聚力越大.粉土内摩擦角随吸力增加呈增大趋势,吸力大于100 k Pa后基本趋于稳定,影响幅度在5°以内.基质吸力对抗剪强度的影响呈非线性关系.粉土的内摩擦角φ'与吸力相关,φ~b则受吸力与固结应力共同影响,φ'与φ~b均非常数,在τ_f—(u_a-u_w)—(σ_n-u_a)空间中,摩尔库伦破坏面呈双向弯曲形态.     

点支式钢化和夹胶玻璃板的循环疲劳试验研究

为研究四点支承玻璃板在循环荷载作用下的力学性能,对采用浮头式驳接头点支承的8块钢化玻璃板和15块夹胶玻璃板进行了板中心集中力加载疲劳破坏试验,并观测了循环荷载作用下玻璃板中心点的挠度和关键点的动静态应力变化.试验表明:钢化玻璃在循环荷载作用下的循环荷载-板中心挠度曲线呈弱非线性,随着荷载循环次数的增加其抗弯刚度没有明显变化;夹胶玻璃在循环作用下的荷载-板中心挠度曲线与试验环境温度有关,在温度低于15℃时无滞回环,而温度在22～30℃范围内时,则有明显的滞回环;夹胶玻璃的等幅循环加载荷载-板中心挠度曲线在循环初期挠度随着循环次数的增加而逐渐增大,但循环次数超过5×104后,板中心挠度几乎不随循环次数的增加而变化.点支式钢化玻璃和夹胶玻璃经过5×105次循环加载后,卸载至零,再进行静载破坏试验,其静载抗弯承载力没有降低,表明钢化玻璃和夹胶玻璃抗疲劳性能很好.     

循环荷载作用下海上风机桶形基础力学响应数值分析

对于循环荷载作用下黏土地基上桶形基础的力学响应进行了比较系统的三维有限元分析.在分析中,采用组合硬化模型模拟不排水条件下黏土的动态行为.首先对黏土地基上浅基础的离心模型试验进行了有限元模拟,数值计算结果与模型试验比较吻合,从而表明采用组合硬化模型来描述循环荷载条件下黏土的不排水力学响应是可行的.然后探讨了桶土界面接触情况及黏土强度的非均质性对于桶形基础在位移控制加载模式下的力学响应的影响,揭示了不同长径比的桶形基础地基在不同幅值循环荷载下的失稳破坏机制.进而初步分析了3.5MW海上风机桶形基础在风、波浪荷载联合作用下的位移发展规律.计算结果表明,在小幅值循环加载时,反力弯矩与转角之间的关系曲线接近于弹性响应,而在较大幅值循环加载时,其关系曲线形成了明显的滞回圈,且滞回圈的形状与界面接触情况有关;长径比较小的基础设计在承载力方面满足要求,但是其在一定次数循环荷载作用下基础顶面中心的转角已超过允许值.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.