天然气水合物(NGH)储运天然气技术与常规储运技术的对比分析

介绍了一种常压储运天然气的新型技术;天然气水合物(NGH)技术。并从技术性、经济性、安全性三方面对比分析了天然气的储存、运输过程所采用的压缩天然气(CNG)、液化天然气(LNG)和NGH三种方案的优缺点,分析了NGH技术的可行性及其在各方面的优势,对天然气输运领域的前景进行了展望。     

煤层气水合物合成与分解实验研究

天然气水合物储气技术(NGH)是正在研究开发的天然气储存新技术,它比液化方式(LNG)节能并降低成本。为了揭示煤层气水合物生成与分解过程规律,利用实验室大型水合物实验装置研究了表面活性剂(SDS)水溶液体系中煤层气水合物的生成过程以及在水浴条件下分解时的特点。实验结果表明,煤层气在一定温度、压力下与水及表面活性剂(SDS)能够快速生成固态气体水合物,其分解受温度影响明显。这种新方式有助于利用水合物技术储运与加工煤层气,促进煤层气开发与利用。     

固化天然气储运技术应用分析

<正>NGH储运技术是一项正在研究与开发的新技术。该技术在安全性和可行性方面具有很大的优势。天然气水合物是由天然气与水组成的一类笼形结构的冰状晶体,呈固态,其外貌极像冰雪或固体酒精所以被称为固态甲烷,点火即可燃烧,又被     

天然气水合物降压开采半解析两相产能模型

天然气水合物(NGH)被认为是最具潜力的新能源之一,目前开采产能低成为制约其高效开发的关键技术难题.本文综合考虑NGH相变、储层孔渗物性变化、气水两相渗流等复杂开采机理,建立NGH降压开采气水两相产能半解析模型,计算分析NGH降压开采动态和产能影响因素,并提出提高产能措施方向.研究结果表明,NGH降压开采前期,分解前缘移动速度较大,分解区域不断扩大,产气、产水升高;随着NGH的分解, NGH饱和度逐渐降低,产气降低,产水也随之下降;井底压力、NGH分解速率常数、渗透率等因素对产气速率影响较大,井底压力越小、储层渗透率及NGH分解速率常数越大,产气速率峰值越大;为提高NGH降压开采产能可采用向储层注热、注催化剂或水平井、水力压裂等技术措施.     

天然气水合物注热开采实验研究

注热开采产气速度的稳定性主要受温度场变化的影响,即受注水速度、注水温度和模型热物性的共同控制。应用研制的天然气水合物（NGH）合成与开采实验系统,进行NGH注热开采实验研究。该实验系统热量损失大、换热效率和热利用率较低,实验条件下的最优注水温度为81.44℃。根据实验数据得到的实际NGH藏换热效率可超过6,因此从能量角度评价注热开采是可行的。通过优化注热水的温度、速度等参数,采用“热水段塞＋常温水驱替”、注热与降压联合开采、减少管线热损失等措施,可以大大提高注热开采的效益。     

天然气水合物注热开采实验研究

注热开采产气速度的稳定性主要受温度场变化的影响,即受注水速度、注水温度和模型热物性的共同控制.应用研制的天然气水合物(NGH)合成与开采实验系统,进行NGH注热开采实验研究.该实验系统热量损失大、换热效率和热利用率较低,实验条件下的最优注水温度为81.44℃.根据实验数据得到的实际NGH藏换热效率可超过6,因此从能量角度评价注热开采是可行的.通过优化注热水的温度、速度等参数,采用"热水段塞+常温水驱替"、注热与降压联合开采、减少管线热损失等措施,可以大大提高注热开采的效益.     

瞬态热线法测定瓦斯水合物导热系数

为研究瓦斯水合物的热量传递机理,基于瞬态热线法原理,建立一套实验设备对瓦斯水合物及纯甲烷水合物的导热系数进行了测试。结果表明,实验所选瓦斯气体生成水合物的导热系数与甲烷水合物导热系数均随温度的升高而升高。该研究从瓦斯水合物的热物性因素方面论证了对煤矿抽采瓦斯进行水合固化分离后以NGH(水合物储运)形式进行储运的可行性。     

一种新的燃气型气敏传感器

报道了对目前家庭广泛使用的液化石油气、天然气和水煤气都敏感，而对其它气体如烟雾和乙醇等不敏感的气体传感器．该传感器具有灵敏度和分辨率高，稳定性好，响应、恢复时间短等特点，可适宜家用燃气（液化石油气、天然气和水煤气）的泄漏报警和控制，具有广泛的应用前景     

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版)稿约

征稿范围主要刊登石油工业领域(石油与天然气工程、地质与勘探、油气化学工程、石油机械工程、油气储运、油气藏经营管理、石油工程计算技术、油气田材料与应用等)中具有创造性与创新性的学术与技术论文、基础     

西南石油大学学报(自然科学版)稿约

征稿范围主要刊登石油工业领域(石油与天然气工程、地质与勘探、油气化学工程、石油机械工程、油气储运、油气藏经营管理、石油工程计算技术、油气田材料与应用等)中具有创造性与创新性的学术与技术论文、基础     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to