几种真菌的诱孢实验初报

在常规人工培养条件下产生繁殖体及繁殖孢子的球壳孢目的真菌,通过预培养后扫刷营养体,经过光诱导能产生繁殖体及繁殖孢子;在常规人工培养条件下不产生繁殖体及繁殖孢子的从梗孢目的真菌,通过预培养后扫刷营养体,在常规培养条件下也能产生繁殖体及繁殖孢子.     

双曲孢菌(Nakataea sigmoidea Hara)生物学特性初步研究

为了研究双曲孢菌(Nakataea sigmoidea Hara)在不同环境及营养条件下的产孢特性，分别在黑暗条件和光照条件下，通过改变环境因子(pH值、温度、固体培养、液体培养)和营养因子(碳源、氮源、天然、合成)来进行产孢培养试验。结果表明，双曲孢菌在黑暗条件下，不同环境因子和不同营养因子下均不能产生分生孢子；在自然光条件下，1．5％水琼脂、Czapek培养基上，菌核和菌丝均能产孢。碳氮比对菌核萌发产生分生孢子有显著影响(P＜0．01)，以碳氮比为10：1时，产孢牢最高，达54．23％。紫外灯照射10min可刺激双曲孢菌产孢。     

云南烟草根结线虫拮抗真菌分离鉴定初报

 从云南省28个县采集152个土样及发病烟根,利用直接分离法和诱集分离法分别从根结线虫卵囊、卵、雌虫和幼虫分离到400株拮抗真菌,它们包括拟青霉属、镰刀菌属、普可尼亚属、木霉属、链格孢属、曲霉属、青霉属、柱孢菌属、茎点霉属、单顶孢属、钩丝孢属、节丛孢属、矛束孢属等21属及一些不产孢的拮抗真菌,其中淡紫拟青霉、厚垣孢普可尼亚菌、尖孢镰刀菌为分离频率最高,约占分离数的60%.卵囊、卵和雌虫寄生真菌种类和数量远远大于二龄幼虫寄生真菌种类和数量,不同县寄生真菌种类和数量差异较大.     

信阳杉木内生真菌种类研究

通过组织分离及物种鉴定,对信阳杉木内生真菌种类进行了研究.得到丝孢纲(Hyphomycetes)和腔孢纲(Coelomycetes)真菌4科12属15种.淡色孢科(Moniliaceae)3属5种,暗色孢科(Dematiaceae)2属2种,黑盘孢科(Melanconidaceae)2属3种,球科孢科(Sphaeropsidaceae)5属5种,这些真菌均为半知菌,是杉木内生真菌首次记载.其中,拟茎点霉Phomopsis sp.、球刺盘孢菌Colletotrichum coccodes分布于杉木各样地各器官,为杉木内生真菌广布种.     

小花棘豆(Oxytropis glabra DC.)11株内生真菌的分离培养及鉴定

用小花棘豆(Oxytropis glabra DC.)单株植物叶和茎切段做外植体,体外分离并培养内生真菌,研究菌落和分生孢子的微生物形态特征,对培养出的内生真菌的5.8SrDNA/ITS区进行扩增及序列测定,序列输入GenBank并与已发表的小花棘豆内生真菌序列进行同源性比对,并利用DNASTAR软件包中MegAlign软件构建系统发育树,结合分子生物学及微生物学研究推测内生真菌所属类群.结果显示:11株小花棘豆内生真菌的菌落和分生孢子的微生物形态特征与埃里砖格孢属真菌Embellisiasp.L12特征一致;小花棘豆内生真菌间ITS1和5.8SrDNA区序列相同,与Embellisiasp.L12相比只有一个变异位点,位于5.8SrDNA区,在ITS2区另有两个变异位点.推测小花棘豆内生真菌应与埃里砖格孢属亲缘关系密切,对其物种种属分类地位还须深入研究.     

短小芽孢杆菌JK-SX001非蛋白抗菌物质研究

为探讨短小芽孢杆菌JK-SX001菌株非蛋白抗菌物质对杨树溃疡病的作用机制,研究了该菌株非蛋白抗菌物质的提取方法及抗菌物质对金黄壳囊孢(Cytospora chrysosperma)、拟茎点霉(Phomopsis macrospora)和七叶树壳梭孢(Fusicoccum aesculi)真菌菌丝及分生孢子的抑制机制,同时对其部分理化性质进行了测定。结果表明,JK-SX001菌株产生的非蛋白抗菌物质能强烈抑制病原真菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发,且能使分生孢子溶解。光照、温度对抗菌物质影响较小,而有效存储期对抗菌物质影响相对较大。     

桂花树叶栖内生真菌种类与分布

通过采样、分离、培养与鉴定,对信阳地区桂花树叶栖内生真菌的种类及分布进行了初步调查.研究表明,桂花树叶内生真菌种类丰富,分离得到真菌26种,其中,大茎点霉(Macrophomasp.)、链格孢2(A lter-nariasp.2)、刺盘孢菌1(Colletotrichumsp.1)、拟茎点霉2(Phomopsissp.2)等4种真菌为优势菌.生态环境对桂花叶栖内生真菌有较大影响,阴面叶内生真菌种类较丰富.     

短小芽孢杆菌LYMC-3菌株对拟茎点霉的拮抗作用

【目的】短小芽孢杆菌LYMC-3菌株对稻瘟病、黄瓜枯萎病及棉花黄萎病等具有显著的防治效果,测定LYMC-3菌株对8种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,检测其抑菌谱,为其推广应用提供依据。【方法】采用平板对峙法测定LYMC-3菌株对松球壳孢菌(Sphaeropsis sapinea)、松树脂溃疡病菌(Fusarium circinatum)、金黄壳囊孢菌(Cytospora chrysosperma)、拟茎点霉(Phomopsis macrospora)、七叶树壳梭孢菌(Fusicoccum aesculi)、拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis theae)、山茶炭疽菌(Guignardia camelliae)、葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothiorella)8种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,筛选出抑菌活性最强的病原真菌,进行菌丝生长和孢子萌发抑制试验。【结果】LYMC-3菌株对8种供试植物病原真菌均有抑制作用,抑菌带长度及抑菌活性大小依次为:拟茎点霉>拟盘多毛孢>葡萄座腔菌>松球壳孢菌>七叶树壳梭孢菌>金黄壳囊孢菌>松树脂溃疡病菌>山茶炭疽菌。LYMC-3菌株发酵滤液对拟茎点霉菌丝生长的抑制率为70.36%,对其分生孢子24 h萌发抑制率为88.16%。【结论】短小芽孢杆菌LYMC-3菌株抑菌谱广,其发酵滤液对拟茎点霉有较强的拮抗作用。     

空心莲子草内生真菌多样性研究

通过采样、组织分离、培养和鉴定,对入侵植物空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)内生真菌的种类组成、分布规律及其生物多样性进行了初步研究.结果表明:空心莲子草内生真菌种类丰富,从茎、叶中共分离得到16种内生真菌.产孢真菌有12属15种,非产孢真菌1种.产孢真菌全部为半知菌.曲霉1(Aspergillus sp.1)、曲霉2(Aspergillus sp.2)、刺盘孢菌(Colletotrichum sp.)、大茎点霉(Macrophoma sp.)、弯孢霉菌(Curvularia sp.)在供试的各种组织均有分布,且分离率较高,是空心莲子草的优势内生真菌.内生真菌广泛分布于各种组织,总定殖率为81.5%,老茎组织定殖率最高,达90.9%.生境及组织类型对空心莲子草内生真菌的群落结构及定殖率有重要影响.     

影响空心莲子草镰刀菌生长发育的几个重要因子分析

在原有试验发现空心莲子镰刀菌草生长产孢对光照、通气及淹水与否不敏感的基础上,该研究进一步测定营养培养基、温度和酸碱度因子对空心莲子草镰刀菌生长发育的影响.研究结果表明,这3个因子对此真菌菌落生长、分生孢子产生和萌发都有极显著的作用,所以认为它们是影响真菌生长发育的关键因子.真菌菌落生长和产孢的温度范围为15℃～30℃,在25℃时生长最快而产孢最多;分生孢子萌发的适温范围是20℃～35℃,在30℃时萌发率显著高于其它温度处理.对6种培养基的测定结果显示,真菌在马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(PDA)、胡萝卜培养基(CAA)、空心莲子草根茎煎汁培养基(ARS)和空心莲子草叶片煎汁培养基(ALA)上都能够正常生长、产孢和萌发,而在清水洋菜培养基(WA)上不能生长发育,但是马铃薯蔗糖琼脂(PSA)是该真菌的最佳培养基.菌落生长和产孢的适宜酸碱度范围是pH 4.5～pH 11.0,最适约为pH 7.0,在pH 4.0和pH 12.0时生长和产孢都明显减缓;分生孢子萌发适宜的酸碱度范围为pH 4.0～pH 9.0,在pH 10.0～pH 12.0范围内孢子不能萌发.由此可见,在25℃和pH 7.0条件下使用PSA,是空心莲子草镰刀菌的最佳培养条件.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.