正交频分复用分组传输系统中载波频偏和信道的联合估计

针对传统接收机将载波频偏和信道状态独立估计带来性能损失的缺点,提出了一种载波频偏和信道的联合估计算法.该算法由两个独立的载波频偏和信道估计单元通过迭代的方法实现,其中信道估计单元利用载波频偏估计单元提供的载波频偏估计信息和最大似然方法估计信道状态信息,而载波频偏估计单元则利用信道估计单元提供的信道估计信息和最大似然方法估计载波频偏.随着载波频偏估计单元与信道估计单元间估计信息的不断交换,载波频偏和信道估计的精度得到逐步提高.由于该算法避免了复杂的多维搜索算法,因此具有较低的计算复杂度.此外,在算法迭代过程中考虑了信道估计噪声的影响,进一步提高了估计的精度.仿真结果表明,当符号能量噪声比大于18dB时,可以获得接近理想同步的误码性能.     

一种基于迭代的频偏估计算法

针对无线数字通信中的载波频率同步问题,提出一种载波频偏估计算法。利用离散傅里叶变换(DFT)内插技术,通过迭代算法,在较大频偏范围内估计出载波频偏。并且在估计精度上相对于DFT法有了很大的提高。这种算法不需要增加DFT数据长度,适合突发工作方式。最后进行了Monte Carlo仿真实验。仿真结果表明新算法不仅具有宽的估计范围,还具有高的估计精度。     

基于求根MUSIC算法的低复杂度OFDMA频偏盲估计

为了解决OFDMA系统频率同步困难的问题,针对子载波交织分配的OFDMA上行链路提出了一种基于多项式求根的多用户载波频偏盲估计算法.首先对接收信号的协方差矩阵进行特征值分解,并利用噪声子空间的特征向量构造一个多项式,然后求解最接近于单位圆的K个根来获得各个载波频偏.此算法的优点是能够在一个OFDMA符号块内同时估计出所有用户的载波频偏而无需信道状态、训练序列和导频等先验信息,同时在低信噪比下也具有良好的准确性.通过仿真表明,相对于一般的谱峰搜索方法,算法不仅减少了噪声对频偏估计的影响,而且有着更低的计算复杂度和更高的分辨率.     

短波宽带OFDM系统的一种同步方法

提出了一种适用于短波宽带OFDM系统的联合同步方法.该方法根据Schmidl和Minn的符号定时原理,传输并处理文中构造的PN序列,并且利用该PN序列的相关性来进行同步判决.此PN序列经反傅里叶变换运算以后产生了OFDM符号,可利用该OFDM符号的特点,通过逐点滑动的自相关运算来判得时间同步的最大值,而后通过OFDM符号每部分之间的相位关系来完成整数频偏与小数频偏的估计.这一过程可同时完成定时偏移估计和频率偏移估计.计算机仿真了三种信道模型,结果表明在三种不同信道下,这种方法都可在较低信噪比条件下很好地完成时间同步和载波频率同步.     

《软件无线电》中整数倍载波频偏估计研究

在《软件无线电》课程中,载波频偏估计是软件无线电系统的重要的处理过程。该文针对软件无线电中所讲述的基本频偏估计方法,提出了一种适用于正交频分多路复用技术((OFDM)系统的IFO整数倍载波频偏估计方法。利用OFDM系统中特有的同步符号,对前后不同数据码元进行共轭相乘来完成整数倍载波频偏的估计。计算机仿真结果表明,该算法准确性高,运算复杂度低。     

帧同步辅助载波恢复在DSSS信号同步中的应用

为了解决直接序列扩频(DSSS)接收机中的载波恢复问题,将快速Fourier变换(FFT)与帧同步相结合,提出一种联合的载波恢复算法。基于FFT对频偏的估计结果,利用电文中的帧头数据呈现的特殊性质辅助载波恢复。仿真结果表明:当频偏超出FFT可估计范围1倍时,仍然可以通过帧同步辅助进行正确载波恢复,在同样的预检测积分条件下将鉴频范围扩大1倍至±Rs/2(Rs为预检测积分频率)。该方法简单易行,可将DSSS信号同步的效率提高1倍。     

一种相关编码正交频分复用系统的载波频偏估计算法

基于相关编码正交频分复用(OFDM)系统，提出了一种新的数据辅助载波频偏估计技术，利用相关编码OFDM系统的频域幅度特性估计载波频率偏移，增大了频偏估计的跟踪范围，同时采用改进的迭代估计剩余频偏方法，消除载波间干扰对频偏估计的影响，提高了估计精度．仿真结果表明，与传统的基于数据辅助频偏估计技术相比，该技术的跟踪估计范围增大为(-1，1)，且在较高信噪比的估计均方误差明显降低。     

帧同步辅助载波恢复在DSSS信号同步中的应用

为了解决直接序列扩频(DSSS)接收机中的载波恢复问题,将快速Fourier变换(FFT)与帧同步相结合,提出一种联合的载波恢复算法。基于FFT对频偏的估计结果,利用电文中的帧头数据呈现的特殊性质辅助载波恢复。仿真结果表明:当频偏超出FFT可估计范围1倍时,仍然可以通过帧同步辅助进行正确载波恢复,在同样的预检测积分条件下将鉴频范围扩大1倍至±Rs/2(Rs为预检测积分频率),该方法简单易行,可将DSSS信号同步的效率提高1倍。     

交织正交频分多址上行频偏和定时同步联合盲估计算法

提出了一种基于功率谱叠加的交织正交频分多址系统上行链路载波频偏和定时同步联合估计算法.该算法利用同一用户在各个子载波上具有相同载波频偏的特点,采用一个未受之前符号污染的循环前缀样值,通过抽取自相关矩阵,将属于同一用户的子载波在功率谱上进行叠加,得到更尖锐的谱峰,从而实现对载波频偏的精确估计.对不同时刻估计到的谱峰量级进行比较,可同时实现定时同步.仿真结果表明,算法在估计精度上明显优于循环平稳算法,当一帧中的符号数较大时,算法的估计精度略优于子空间法,且计算复杂度更低.     

一种改进的编码辅助载波同步算法

编码辅助同步算法利用译码软信息迭代更新同步参数,有效地实现了低信噪比环境下的载波同步。针对目前这类算法存在频偏估计范围小且估计精度受限的问题,设计了一种新的迭代载波同步系统,利用译码软信息分别进行去调制和更新误差信号,在通过改进的频偏估计器补偿频偏之后又结合科斯塔斯环(costas loop)进一步修正相偏,使得译码器和同步器均趋于收敛。仿真结果表明,提出的算法能够大幅提高频偏估计范围,且与理想同步译码相比,最大性能损失不超过0.2 dB。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.