纸浆卡伯值的在线测量数学模型

从Kubelka-Munk基本方程和纸浆中残留木素的光谱特性出发推导出纸浆漫反射理论模型,进而根据纸浆残余木素与纸浆卡伯值的本质关系推导出在线实时测量纸浆卡伯值的理论模型.根据纸浆中残留木素的光谱吸收特性,选择F390,F560和F840为自变量,建立了"三波长"纸浆卡伯值光谱测量简化模型.该模型结构简单,物理意义清晰,能够揭示模型自变量与卡伯值之间的线性关系.由于从机理模型变为简化模型经过了多次线性近似和简化,造成了纸浆卡伯值与反射光谱间的非线性信息缺失.为此,结合纸浆卡伯值光谱测量简化模型和自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS),建立了纸浆卡伯值在线光谱测量的融合模型,经过样本训练后,融合模型预测结果稳定,精度高.     

脱木素反应的多变量推断控制系统研究

根据脱木素反应动力学理论，建立了脱木素反应的双输入双输出数学模型，设计了用有效碱浓度和卡伯值作为控制变量的多变量推断控制系统。对实际连续蒸煮过程脱木素反应控制的测试结果表明，该控制系统可以很好的克服各种不可测扰动对脱木素反应的影响，提高脱木素反应生成纸浆的质量和纸浆得率，同时降低反应生成副产品蒸煮黑液中的残碱浓度，减少蒸煮过程的用碱量，达到保护环境、清洁生产的目的。     

蔗渣氧脱浆二氧化氯漂白工艺参数的优化

采用三因素二次通用旋转组合实验设计,对蔗渣氧脱浆二氧化氯漂白的主要工艺参数(ClO2用量、NaOH用量和漂白时间)进行了优化,建立了工艺参数与纸浆卡伯值、白度及可吸附有机卤化物(AOX)产生量之间的二次多项式非线性回归数学模型.结果表明:通过实验设计建立的数学模型回归显著,失拟不明显;3个工艺参数对纸浆卡伯值、白度及AOX产生量的影响由大到小的顺序均依次为ClO2用量、漂白时间、NaOH用量;在优化模拟得到的较佳工艺条件(ClO2用量0.79%,NaOH用量0.43%,漂白时间53 min)下,纸浆卡伯值为1.83,白度为73.3%ISO,废水中AOX质量浓度为10.8 mg/L,与验证实验得到的纸浆卡伯值(1.76)、白度(75.0%ISO)和废水中AOX质量浓度(11.3mg/L)接近.     

人工种植桉木深度脱木素的研究

进行了４种人工种植桉木改良硫酸盐法制浆的实验。结果表明,改良硫酸盐法制浆的选择性明显高于常规硫酸盐蒸者法,改良硫酸直帽浆可以生产出卡伯值非常低且强度很好的纸浆。与常规硫酸盐蒸煮相比,改良硫酸盐煮桉木浆的伯值低５－６个单位,而纸浆粘度却高出２．８ｍＰａ．ｓ。     

不同酸比对芦苇亚硫酸氢镁法制浆的影响

在本实验条件下,160℃保温1.6h,酸比(化合SO_2/游离SO_2)2.4:1～2.7:1为最佳。可获得本色浆色浅,得率和强度较高,漂率较低的纸浆。高酸比(2.4:1～3.0:1)延长保温时间(保温2h),纸浆强度没有提高,但纸浆得率有较大下降(下降4％左右)。低酸比,特别当酸比为2.1:1～1.8:1时,缩短保温时间(保温1h),纸浆卡伯值和漂率明显上升,纸浆得率无明显提高,但漂白浆强度显著提高,而且可以克服蒸煮液循环时产生淀沉和堵塞管路的问题.     

第十五届日内瓦国际发明展览会闭幕——天津轻工业学院参展项目获金牌奖

我院化学工程系的《湿裂化法处理草类制纸浆废液》科研项目,系采用湿裂化法,勿须在草桨黑液中加入任何药剂。黑液经短时间高温、高压处理后,有机物裂化生成可以燃烧的湿裂化气、焦油和炭粉,硅酸钠转化为二氧化硅沉淀。液体变为浅黄色碱液,其中主要成份是炭酸钠,经石灰黄化后,可循环用于蒸煮纸浆。即消除了污染,又回收了能源,碱和一些付产品。具有一定的社会效益和经济效益。     

造纸厂木浆黑液、蒸煮废汽的综合利用

安徽省建筑科研所、环境保护科研所和泾县纸厂协作进行的利用纸浆黑液研制TL—A减水剂的扩大试验和利用蒸煮废汽回收硫酸盐松节油的生产试验,已取得可喜成果,通过了技术鉴定。以纸厂排放的木浆黑液和矾矿生产明矾后的矾泥为原料,制成的TL—A混凝土减     

硫酸盐木浆含酶预处理的无元素氯和全无氯漂白

针叶木硫酸盐浆用木聚糖酶Ｉｒｇａｚｙｍｅ ４０－Ｘ４进行预处理,然后进行各种无元素氯和全无氯漂白。实验结果表明,酶预处理能提高后续漂白效果,提高白度,降低卡伯值,并改善纸浆的粘度,在不用元素氯的情况下,能将纸浆漂白到８８％ＩＳＯ以上的白度。     

红松木烧碱法制浆黑液中木质素对污染负荷影响

为研究蒸煮黑液中木质素对污染负荷影响,研究了红松木片化学浆蒸煮黑液的污染特性及特征污染物,通过紫外-可见光谱法建立了快速测定液相木质素的分析方法及木质素对COD贡献的工作曲线,探究黑液中木质素对总COD污染负荷的贡献.结果表明蒸煮过程中,黑液中含有较高浓度的溶解态有机物,可生化处理性差,成分复杂,主要有机污染物为酚类和有机酸类物质,其中酚类化合物的相对含量高达84.34%;经测定黑液中木质素浓度为65.7g·L~(-1),产生COD_(cr)值高达93 640.86mg·L~(-1),占黑液总CODcr含量的51%左右,黑液中木质素对黑液废液污染有较大的贡献.     

黑液提取率对纸浆残留污染负荷的影响

为定量表征黑液提取率对纸浆中残留污染负荷的影响,以红松传统碱法蒸煮得到的浆料和黑液为研究对象,采用逆流提取工艺,对不同浆料浓度的黑液提取率与浆中残余木质素量、化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))和生化需氧量(BOD_5)的关系进行研究.结果表明:木质素降解物是黑液有机物的主要污染来源,高浓高黑液提取率可有效降低污染负荷,浆料浓度从15%提高到35%时,黑液提取率显著增高(从71. 34%提高到98. 47%),并且浆中残余木质素、COD_(Cr)和BOD_5的含量都大幅度降低;黑液提取率与浆中残余木质素呈线性关系,与浆中残留的COD_(Cr)和BOD_5分别呈一元三次函数和一元二次函数关系.提高浆料浓度和黑液提取率是减少制浆和漂白过程中污染负荷的有效方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.