基于线粒体Cytb基因序列的褐石斑鱼种群遗传多样性分析

为评估种质资源状况被世界自然保护联盟(International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN)评定为易危物种的褐石斑鱼(Epinephelus bruneus)野生种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化水平，采用PCR方法测定褐石斑鱼西太平洋海区的中国海南岛(HN)、福建厦门(XM)和韩国济州岛(HG)3个地理群体的线粒体细胞色素b(Cytb)基因的部分序列，并对其基因序列遗传变异、谱系结构和群体扩张历史特征进行分析。结果显示，褐石斑鱼3个地理种群(88个个体)共检测出18个多态位点，共有7种单倍型；各地理群体遗传多样性水平较低，而且单倍型在群体间分布不均，韩国群体遗传多样性最高，中国海南和厦门群体遗传多样性较低。地理距离最远的韩国群体和中国海南群体遗传分化最高(F_ST=0.177 5),地理距离最近的中国海南群体和厦门群体的遗传分化最低(F_ST=0.013 4)。Mantel检验结果显示，3个褐石斑鱼群体间遗传距离和地理距离间存在显著相关，距离隔离(Isolation by Distance, IBD)...     

Scanning for sisnatures of geosraphically restricted selection based on population genomics analysis

Natural selection, as the driving force of human evolution, has direct impact on population differentiation. However, it is still unclear to what extent the genetic differentiation has been caused by natural selection. To explore this question, we performed a genome-wide scan with single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） data from the International HapMap Project. Single locus FsTanalysis was applied to assess the frequency difference among populations in autosomes. Based on the empirical distribution of FsT, we identified 12669 SNPs correlating to population differentiation and 1853 candidate genes subjected to geographic restricted natural selection. Further interpretation of gene ontogeny revealed 121 categories of biological process with the enrichments of candidate genes. Our results suggest that natural selection may play an important role in human population differentiation. In addition, our analysis provides new clues as well as research methods for our understanding of population differentiation and natural selection.     

无柄醉鱼草与大叶醉鱼草的遗传多样性解析

无柄醉鱼草(Buddleja sessilifolia)是狭域分布的极小种群野生植物(Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, PSESP),大叶醉鱼草(B.davidii)则是广布种,二者亲缘关系较近,且同为四倍体。通过比较濒危物种与近缘广布种的遗传多样性,可以了解濒危物种的演化历史,为制定保护策略提供理论依据。本研究通过简单重复序列(Simple Sequence Repeats, SSR)分子标记对无柄醉鱼草5个居群(126个个体)和大叶醉鱼草14个居群(206个个体)进行遗传多样性和遗传结构解析,并提出对无柄醉鱼草的保护建议。结果表明,无柄醉鱼草和大叶醉鱼草各居群的期望杂合度(He)平均值分别为0.606、0.775,Shannon′s多样性指数(I)平均值分别为1.162、1.729,两个物种均具有较高的遗传多样性,但广布种大叶醉鱼草遗传多样性水平高于狭域种无柄醉鱼草;无柄醉鱼草和大叶醉鱼草遗传分化系数(F_ST)分别为0.043和0.024,两个物种居群间遗传分化程度均较低。遗传结构分析结果表明,无柄...     

赤眼鳟线粒体D-loop和Cyt b基因序列的对比分析

 研究了长江和珠江野生赤眼鳟Squaliobarbus curriculus共4个群体24个个体的线粒体控制区（D-loop）和细胞色素b（Cyt b）基因序列,通过PCR扩增与测序,分别获得了长度为598 bp和752 bp的D-loop和Cyt b基因片段。分析表明,D-loop序列共定义了18个单倍型,存在34个简约信息位点,67个多态性位点,发生转换40次,颠换15次,插入/缺失14次。A、T、C、G平均含量分别为33.7%、35.1%、17.5%、13.7%。Cyt b序列共定义了18个单倍型,存在68个简约信息位点,72个多态性位点,发生转换60次,颠换15次,无插入/缺失位点。A、T、C、G平均含量分别为29.3%、26.4%、29.8%、14.5%。Cyt b除简约信息位点百分比大于D-loop外,多态位点百分比和单突变位点百分比均小于D-loop,说明D-loop具有较快的进化速率。D-loop序列的单倍型多样性(H)、平均核苷酸差异数(K)、核苷酸多样性(π)分别0.963 8、16.543 5和0.028 4,Cyt b的H、K和π分别为0.971 0、31.855 1和0.042 6,显示赤眼鳟具有较高的遗传多样性水平,且遗传变异主要存在于群体间。分析群体间的遗传距离和F_ST值,D-loop和Cyt b都一致表明：长江和珠江水系间存在明显的遗传分化,系统树和分子变异等级分析(AMOVA)也支持这一观点。同一水系群体间的遗传差异较小,Cyt b则更小;不同水系群体间的遗传差异较大,Cyt b则更大。故,Cyt b呈现出“小则越小,大则越大”的态势。分析其原因,可能与D-loop和Cyt b进化速率密切相关。     

Construction of a linkage map and QTL mapping for fiber quality traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

With the development in spinning technology, the improvement of cotton fiber quality is becoming more and more important. The main objective of this research was to construct a high-density genetic linkage map to facilitate marker assisted selection for fiber quality traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). A genetic linkage map comprising 421 loci and covering 3814.3 cM, accounting for approximately 73.35% of the cotton genome, was constructed using an F2 population derived from cross GX1135 (P 1 )×GX100-2 (P 2 ). Forty-four of 49 linkage groups were assigned to the 26 chromosomes. Fiber quality traits were investigated in F2 population sampled from individuals, and in F2:3 , and F2:4 generations sampled by lines from two sites and one respectively, and each followed a randomized complete block design with two replications. Thirty-nine quantitative trait loci were detected for five fiber quality traits with data from single environments (separate analysis each): 12 for fiber length, five for fiber uniformity, nine for fiber strength, seven for fiber elongation, and six for fiber micronaire, whereas 15 QTLs were found in combined analysis (data from means of different environments in F2:3 generation). Among these QTLs, qFL-chr5-2 and qFL-chr14-2 for fiber length were detected simultaneously in three generations (four environments) and verified further by combined analysis, and these QTLs should be useful for marker assisted selection to improve fiber quality in upland cotton.     

Simultaneous polyandry and heteropaternity in tiger (Panthera tigris altaica): Implications for conservation of genetic diversity in captive populations of felids

Male tigers(Panthera tigris altaica) in captivity copulate alternatively with an estrous female,suggesting a potential for heteropaternity as an effective reproductive strategy to maximize genetic diversity of offspring.We analyzed microsatellites to test and compare the genetic output of multiple male mating(simultaneous polyandry) and single male mating(monogamy) with a female in a captive population.Simultaneous polyandry resulted in heteropaternity in 66.7% observed litters.No significant differences between parental populations and between offspring populations were detected in the number of alleles(A),expected heterozygosity(H e),number of effective alleles(N e) per locus and standard individual heterozygosity(SH)(P>0.05 for all 4 indexes).Comparisons showed no significant reduction of A,H o,H e and SH from parental population to offspring population for the two mating modes(P>0.05) except for SH in polyandrous families(P=0.029).However,such reduction was equivalent to single mating families when the influence of relatedness was eliminated using effective SH(E SH)(P>0.05).These results highlight an alternative strategy for managing captive populations of tiger and other wild felids in which animals are combined at one location allowing for copulation by multiple males to encourage heteropaternity in favor of maintained genetic diversity among offspring.     

基于SSR的广西同色兜兰和带叶兜兰遗传多样性分析

评估四季开花型同色兜兰（Paphiopedilum concolor）和春季开花型带叶兜兰（P.hirsutissimum）的遗传多样性和种群结构,探究不同开花习性兜兰属物种间的遗传分化,为兜兰的可持续利用和野生资源保护提供理论依据。本研究利用10个多态性EST-SSR位点对12个同色兜兰和带叶兜兰种群的231个个体分型,开展遗传多样性、瓶颈效应、系统发育、遗传结构、遗传分化、距离隔离和环境隔离分析。结果表明,同色兜兰种群的大多数遗传多样性指标都显著（P<0.05）低于带叶兜兰;分子方差分析（AMOVA）结果显示,两者来自种群间的变异都较少,且带叶兜兰来自个体内的遗传变异高于同色兜兰。在同色兜兰的两个种群中检测到显著（P<0.05）瓶颈效应,而在带叶兜兰全部种群中均未检测到。群体水平的非加权平均（UPGMA）树和个体水平的邻接（NJ）树均显示同色兜兰和带叶兜兰间系统发育关系相对较近,并各自聚为一支。主坐标分析（PCoA）和Structure分析结果均支持系统发育分析结果。此外,遗传分化系数（F_ST）证实两个物种间的种群分化已达到较高水平。狭窄的自然分布和过去的种群瓶颈可能导致了同色兜兰的部分遗传多样性丧失。地理隔离是驱动同色兜兰和带叶兜兰种群遗传分化的主要因素,而环境隔离的作用较小。     

Minimal systems of generators for central division algebra and semi-simple algebra

Suppose that F is a field of characteristic zero and (ⅰ) D is a finite-dimensional central division algabra over F; (ⅱ) A is a finite-dimensional semi-simple algabra over F. It is proved that as F-algebras, D and A can be generated by two elements respectively.     

Genetic analysis of gynogenetic and common populations of Verasper moseri using SSR markers

The genetic structure and variation of the artificial meio- gynogenetic population and common population of barfin flounder (Verasper moseri) were analyzed using eight microsatellite markers. A total of 29 alleles were detected, of which 23 alleles were in the artificial gynogenetic population while 29 alleles were in the control group. The average observed heterozygosity (H _O) of eight loci in the control group (0.526 8) was several times higher than that (0.185 8) in the gynogenetic population. The results indicate that the genetic diversity of the control group was much higher than that of the gynogenetic population of barfin flounder (Verasper moseri). Most loci significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.005 56) in the gynogenetic population, while four loci deviated from HWE in the control group. The coefficient of gene differentiation (G _ST) was 0.131 0, and the genetic distance was 0.171 8 between the two populations, suggesting a significant genetic differentiation between the two populations. Biography: MA Hongyu (1979–), male, Ph. D. candidate, research direction: marine biotechnology and molecular genetics.     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌三价灭活疫苗的免疫保护期研究

选择免疫原性好的血清1,2,4型鸭疫里默氏杆菌（RA）分离株制备三价灭活油乳剂苗,疫苗抗原含量为5×109CFU/ml,分别用0.5,1.0和1.5ml/只剂量接种7日龄樱桃谷肉鸭以检验器其安全性;用0.25ml/只的剂量接种樱桃谷肉雏鸭,分别于免疫后第1、2、3,4、5和9周攻毒,以检验其免疫效果.安全性检验结果显示,肉雏鸭接种后未见局部和全身异常反应;攻毒保护试验结果显示,免疫后2～9周雏鸭对3个血清型的RA的攻毒保护率达70％ ～ 100％.证明该三价灭活疫苗具有良好的安全性免疫保护力,免疫保护期不少于9周.     

基于ISSR数据探讨节茎曲柄藓(Campylopus umbellatus(Arn.) Paris)遗传多样性和居群遗传结构

选用简单序列重复区间扩增多态性(ISSR)分子标记,对分布于浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区顺溪坞和凉源、浙江台州临海天台山、浙江舟山嵊泗列岛、江苏苏州天平山、广西上思十万大山、台湾宜兰县马告生态公园和云南西双版纳纳板河流域国家自然保护区8个自然居群的40份节茎曲柄藓(Campylopus umbellatus(Arn.) Par.)的遗传多样性进行了研究.应用筛选出的12条引物,共扩增出172条清晰、重复性高的条带.使用POPGENE 3.2分析发现:其中158条条带的多态性位点百分率(PPB)为91.86%,根井正利基因多样性指数(H)为0.292 2,香农-维纳多样性指数(I)为0.445 9,说明节茎曲柄藓居群遗传多样性水平较高.8个居群的遗传分化系数(G_(st))为0.634 6,居群间的基因流(N_m)为0.287 9,63.33%的遗传变异存在于居群间,36.67%的遗传变异存在于居群内,说明节茎曲柄藓居群间的遗传分化明显.基于ISSR数据的聚类分析表明:以遗传距离65为分组阈值,8个居群可被分为6组,节茎曲柄藓居群间的遗传分化主要由地理因素造成,居群内的遗传分化可能与生境的异质性有关.     

Comparison of phylobetadiversity indices based on community data from Gutianshan forest plot

Phylobetadiversity incorporates phylogenetic information and beta diversity,and can account for the ecological similarities between communities with a phylogenetic perspective.Although different phylobetadiversity indices reflect differences in different characteristics between communities,the results of different phylobetadiversity indices are not comparable.In this study we examined phylobetadiversity indices for a 24-hm 2 plot in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve.It was found the abundanceweighted D pw was almost identical to Rao’s D of Rao’s quadratic entropy.PhyloSor had a similar ecological meaning and algorithm to UniFrac.Although Dnn was different in definition from UniFrac and PhyloSor,they were all strongly correlated.The effect of species abundance on phylobetadiversity was not significant when scales were relatively small,but was significant at larger scales.These contrasts likely resulted from reductions in evenness in communities as scales increased.P ST and Rao’s H better reflected the distance-decay changes caused by spatial and habitat variation than other indices at larger scales,whereas AW-D nn and D nn better reflected these changes at small scales.     

壳聚糖对肉鸭生长性能及免疫机能的影响

将240只1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只,公母各半。对照组（Ⅰ）喂给基础日粮,试验组（Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ）分别在基础日粮中添加0.03%,0.05%,0.1%壳聚糖,试验期7周。试验结果表明：在肉鸭日粮中添加0.03%～0.1%的壳聚糖可有效提高其生长性能,显著提高肉鸭的平均日增重和饲料转化率,其中以0.05%添加量较好。 HI 抗体水平随壳聚糖添加量的增加而增加,其中以0.1%添加量较好。     

饮牛沟墓地古人骨线粒体DNA的研究

对内蒙古饮牛沟战国时期墓地的古代人群（Yng古代人群）进行分子生物学研究, 获得了线粒体高可变一区DNA序列, 初步确定了单倍型归属并搜寻其共享序列, 与现代人群对比构建系统发育树和多维尺度分析. 结果表明, 饮牛沟古代人群与现代东亚人群在母系遗传关系上较近.     

Construction of a genetic map and location of quantitative trait loci for dwarf trait in maize by RFLP markers

Using F₂ population derived from the cross of tall inbred 7922 by dwarf inbred 5003, an RFLP linkage map of maize has been constructed, on which 85 markers are distributed among 10 linkage groups and span maize genome about 1827.8 cM with an average distance (24.4 cM) between markers. 106 F_2:3 lines of the population were grown in a 10 × 11 simple rectangular lattice design of one-raw plots with two replications and evaluated for plant height (PH). With interval mapping procedure, 5 QTLs controlling plant height have been identified and their genetic effects and gene action determined. 2 major QTLs with opposite effect have been discovered. One for increasing plant height isph1 which is located at chromosome 2 and accounts for 51.8% of the total phenotypic variation; the other for decreasing plant height isph3 which is located at chromosome 5 and accounts for 38.6% of the total phenotypic variation. The chromosomal location ofph3 might be the same as or close to the position ofbv1, a dwarf mutant of maize.     

Identification of an AFLP marker linked to the stripe rust resistance geneYr10 in wheat

AFLP analysis of near-isogenic lines of the stripe rust resistance gene Yr10 was carried out with 6 PstⅠ- primers and 10 TaqⅠ-primers with the donor parent of Yr10 gene as the check. A total of about 4200 distinguishable bands were amplified, of which 5 were stable. The genetic linkage of the 5 polymorphic DNA fragments with the target gene were tested preliminarily on a segregating F₂ population derived from a cross between the gene donor parent “Moro” and susceptible cultivar “Mingxian 169”. The DNA fragment PT0502 was found closely linked to the Yr10 gene and cloned and sequenced. Based on the sequence specific primers for PCR were designed and synthesized. Genetic linkage analysis with 195 segregating F₂ plants indicated that the genetic distance was 0.5 cM between the main product SC₂₀₀ fragment produced by PCR with the primers and the Yr10 gene. The primers can be used to detect the Yr10 gene quickly, effectively and exactly.     

The concentration quenching characteristics of 5D3-7FJ and 5D4-7FJ (J=0―6) transitions of Tb3+ in YBO3:Tb3+ phosphor

The photoluminescence quenching behaviors of ^5D3-^7Fj and ^5D4-^7Fj （J = 0—6） transitions of Tb^3＋ in YBO3：Tb under 130—290 nm excitation were systematically investigated. The results revealed that the quenching concentrations of both ^5D3-^7Fj and ^5D4-^7Fj transitions of Tb^3＋ in YBO3：Tb were mainly dependent on excitation wavelength. Particularly, the quenching concentrations of ^5D4-^7Fj transitions of Tb^3＋ under 130—290 nm excitation were correlated with excitation bands of YBO3：Tb. The quenching concentrations of ^5D3-^7Fj transitions remained at low concentration （2%） under 186—290 nm excitation and then increased gradually with energy of incoming excitation photon when excited at 130—186 nm. This dependence should be involved in their excitation mechanisms and quenching pathway in particular excitation region.[第一段]     

Relationships between D1 protein, xanthophyll cycle and photodamage-resistant capacity in rice (Orysa sativa L.)

Relationships between D1 protein, xanthophyll cycle and subspecific difference of photodamage-resistant capacity have been studied inO. japonica rice varieties 02428 and 029 (photoinhibition-tolerance) andO. indica rice varieties 3037 and Palghar (photoinhibition-sensitivity) and their reciprocal cross F₁ hybrids after photoinhibitory treatment. It was shown that PS II photochemical efficiency (F _v /F _m) decreased, and xanthophyll cycle from violaxanthin (V), via anaxanthin (A), to zeaxanthin (Z) was enhanced and non-photochemical quenching (qN) increased accordingly in SM-pretreated leaves of rice when the synthesis of D1 protein was inhibited, and that there was a decrease inqN and, as a result, more loss of D1 protein and a big decrease inF _v/F _m in DTT-pretreated leaves when xanthophyll cycle was inhibited.O. japonica subspecies had a higher maintaining capacity of D1 protein and a decrease ofF _v/F _m in a more narrow range, and exhibited more resistance against photodamage, as compared withO. indica subspecies. The above physiological indexes in reciprocal cross F₁ hybrids, though between the values of their parents, were closer to maternal lines than to paternal lines. Experimental results support the concept that the turnover capacity for D1 protein is an important physiological basis of photoinhibition-tolerance, and will provide the physiological basis for selection of the photoinhibition-tolerant parents and develop a new approach to breed hybrids with high photosynthetic efficiency.     

西南地区硬枝野荞麦(Fagopyrum urophyllum(Bur.et Franch.) H. Gross)天然居群的等位酶变异

采用等位酶电泳技术研究了云南省中北部昆明、富民、宾川3县（市）及四川省西南布拖县境内的硬枝野荞麦（Fagopyrum urophyllum(Bur.et.Franch.)H.Gross）6个天然居群的遗传分化。硬枝野荞麦居群间遗传分化程度较低，Fst值为0.161，居群间遗传一致度（I)和遗传距离（D)的均值分别为0.927和0.0776，并提出了保护建议。     

A categorical interpretation of Yetter-Drinfel’d modules

It is known that any strict tensor category (C,⊗,I) can determine a strict braided tensor categoryZ(C), the centre ofC. WhenA is a finite Hopf algebra, Drinfel’d has proved thatZ( _AM) is equivalent to_D(A)M as a braided tensor category, where_AM is the left A-module category, andD(A) is the Drinfel’d double ofA. This is the categorical interpretation ofD(A). Z( _AM) is proved to be equivalent to the Yetter-Drinfel’d module category,_AYD ^A as a braided tensor category for any Hopf algebraA. Furthermore, for right A-comodule categoryM ^A, Z(M^A) is proved to be equivalent to the Yetter-Drinfel’d module category_AY D^A as a braided tensor category. But,in the two cases, the Yetter-Drinfel’d module category_AY D^A has different braided tensor structures.