丙酮酸激酶M2在骨肉瘤中的表达及其生物学功能

目的:研究丙酮酸激酶M2(PKM2)在骨肉瘤组织中的表达水平及其临床各指标的关联性,并初步探讨其中可能的分子机制.方法:通过免疫组化检测PKM2在骨肉瘤组织中的表达水平,SPSS统计软件分析其表达水平与患者临床特征及预后的关系;利用数据库分析骨肉瘤组织中PKM2 mRNA水平与患者生存预后的关系.再通过细胞增殖、克隆形成、Transwell迁移以及小鼠体内成瘤等实验方法观察抑制PKM2对骨肉瘤细胞的增殖、克隆形成、迁移及体内成瘤能力等生物学行为的影响.利用流式细胞术检测PKM2的表达水平与骨肉瘤细胞周期的关系.结果:在骨肉瘤组织中PKM2的蛋白表达水平与肿瘤直径、远处转移、临床分期、患者预后均有较强的相关性(P0.05),即高表达PKM2的肿瘤直径较大(χ~2=5.79,P=0.016)、容易发生远处转移(χ~2=7.30 P=0.007)、临床分期较高(χ~2=8.44,P=0.004),患者预后较差(P0.05).且数据库分析结果也显示,骨肉瘤组织中高表达PKM2 mRNA的患者预后较差(P0.05).在骨肉瘤细胞系中沉默PKM2或应用PKM2的抑制剂均可以显著抑制细胞的增殖、克隆形成及迁移能力(P0.05),以及抑制体内的肿瘤生长速度(P0.05);此外,抑制PKM2可以使CyclinD1表达水平下调进而使细胞周期阻滞.结论:PKM2与骨肉瘤的恶性进展密切相关,可作为骨肉瘤患者独立的预后因子;PKM2可通过调控细胞周期蛋白CyclinD1的表达促进骨肉瘤细胞的增殖.     

乳腺癌组织芯片的应用与HER-2/neu的表达

目的 :构建乳腺癌及乳腺癌 -良性病变组织微阵列 ,研究HER 2 /neu在原发性乳腺癌和乳腺良性病变中的表达并探讨HER 2 /neu的判断标准。方法 :制作乳腺癌 -乳腺良性病变组织微阵列 (tissuemicroarray)。用免疫组织化学方法检测HER 2 /neu在 180例乳腺癌 ,32例乳腺良性病变组织中的表达。结果 :构建乳腺癌及乳腺癌 -乳腺良性病变组织微阵列 4个 ,180例乳腺癌中HER 2 /neu阳性率为 37.78% (6 8/ 180 ) ,32例乳腺良性病变不表达。乳腺癌组织中HER 2 /neu的过表达率显著高于乳腺良性病变组织 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :乳腺癌 -乳腺良性病变组织微阵列的建立使乳腺癌相关基因及其蛋白产物的筛选工作简便、快捷。HER 2 /neu的过表达与乳腺癌的发生密切相关     

环氧化酶-2、表皮生长因子受体-2在胃癌中的研究进展

研究发现,环氧化酶-2(COX-2)与表皮生长因子受体-2(HER2/neu)的过表达与胃癌的发生、发展以及治疗密切相关。50%-80%的胃癌患者环氧化酶-2(COX-2)存在过度表达,超过20%的胃癌患者存在HER2过表达。HER2/neu、COX-2在胃癌中高表达或基因扩增现象,可能影响胃癌患者的预后,也可能参与了胃癌肝转移过程。HER2/neu、COX-2有望成为胃癌治疗的一个新靶点,提高胃癌患者的生存率。     

抑癌基因ING1在鼻咽癌中的表达及突变分析

本研究运用免疫组化技术、逆转录 - PCR( RT- PCR) ,PCR- SS-CP技术对鼻咽癌组织及鼻咽癌细胞系中 ING1的表达和突变进行检测 .结果发现 3 0例鼻咽癌标本中 ING1蛋白表达下调率为 70 % ( 2 1/ 3 0 ) ;ING1m RNA表达明显下调率为 4 6% ( 12 / 2 6) ,6例鼻咽癌细胞系中有 2例鼻咽癌细胞系表达明显下调 ,而 11例 ( 4 2 .5 % ) NPC组织及其它 4例细胞系表达与正常水平相当 ,另有 3例 ( 11.5 % )鼻咽癌组织过表达 ;单链构像多态性分析 ( SSCP)在鼻咽癌及鼻咽癌细胞系中均未发现突变 .结果表明ING1基因的转录及翻译表达水平与鼻咽癌的发生 /发展呈负相关 ,该基因的异常表达是鼻咽癌发生中的频发事件而与基因突变无关     

MSP58基因在肝癌中的表达分析

探讨MSP58基因在人类肝癌肿瘤组织及肝癌细胞系中的表达情况,应用半定量RT-PCR和Western blot方法分别检测MSP58在肝癌细胞系及肝癌肿瘤组织中的mRNA水平及蛋白水平的表达.两种肝癌细胞系HHCC、HepG2,22例肝癌癌区组织,13例正常肝组织作为对照.结果在两种肝癌细胞系中MSP58 mRNA水平和蛋白水平都有明显表达;在22例肝癌肿瘤组织中,不同级别的人肝癌肿瘤标本中mRNA及蛋白均有MSP58表达,并且MSP58的表达量随着人肝癌肿瘤恶性病理级别的增高而增高;13例正常肝组织无表达.MSP58在肝癌肿瘤组织和肝癌细胞系中均有表达,说明其可能对肝癌肿瘤的发生或发展有重要作用.     

ENO1在食管鳞癌中的差异表达及对食管鳞癌细胞增殖凋亡的影响

目的为检测α-烯醇化酶(ENO1)在不同食管病变进展中的表达,探讨其与食管鳞状细胞癌(鳞癌)患者临床病理特征及预后的关系,并检测ENO1对食管鳞癌生物学行为的影响。方法采用免疫组织化学的方法检测50例食管癌旁正常组织,20例食管低级别上皮内瘤变(LGIN),20例高级别上皮内瘤变(HGIN),50例食管鳞癌组织(ESCC)中ENO1的表达,结合食管鳞癌患者临床病理资料分析其表达与临床病理特征及预后的关系。用ENO1siRNA转染食管鳞癌细胞系,运用CCK8检测增殖能力,Western blot检测凋亡分子的表达。结果 (1) ENO1蛋白的表达主要位于食管鳞癌细胞的细胞浆和细胞膜,少量表达于细胞核,其在食管正常组织、LGIN、HGIN、ESCC中的高表达率分别为12. 0%(6/44)、50. 0%(10/10)、70. 0%(14/20)、66. 0%(33/50)。ENO1在LGIN中的表达明显高于正常组织,在HGIN中的表达明显高于正常组织、LGIN,在ESCC中的表达明显高于正常组织、LGIN,差异具有统计学意义(P0. 01)。(2) ENO1蛋白的表达与食管鳞癌发病性别、年龄、分化程度、浸润深度等临床病理特征的相关性无统计学意义(P=0. 524,0. 089,0. 074),其高表达与淋巴结转移和TNM分期正相关(P=0. 008,0. 002)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,ENO1高表达患者预后差(P0. 001)。(3)食管鳞癌细胞中敲低ENO1的表达后,细胞的增殖明显受到抑制,凋亡分子表达上调。结论 (1) ENO1在食管鳞癌组织中的表达明显高于正常组织。(2)ENO1高表达与淋巴结转移和TNM分期正相关,ENO1高表达患者预后差。(3) ENO1可以促进食管鳞癌细胞的增殖并抑制其凋亡。     

HER2靶向放射性分子影像探针的研究进展

人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)在大约20%的乳腺癌患者中过度表达,是乳腺癌治疗的一个重要分子靶点.HER2靶向治疗的重要前提是对肿瘤HER2表达的精确测定.利用HER2靶向放射性分子影像探针的核医学影像是检测HER2表达情况的重要手段.它能够在诊疗过程中对肿瘤HER2表达进行可重复的全面评估,同时它解决了乳腺癌的异质性以及取样困难等传统方法存在的问题.目前,多种HER2靶向的分子影像探针（单克隆抗体、抗体片段、纳米抗体、亲和体、多肽）正处于临床前和早期临床研究中.文章综述了靶向HER2的抗体和多肽类放射性分子探针在核医学分子影像中的研究进展,指出用其进行临床转化时所面临的挑战,为开发新的HER2靶向分子影像探针提供思路.     

宫颈癌中HPV16感染与Ezrin表达的关系

探讨了Ezrin在宫颈病变中的表达及其与癌浸润转移的关系,以及宫颈病变组织中HPV16 DNA的表达及临床意义,探索两者之间的关系。采用免疫组化SP法检测了40例宫颈鳞状细胞癌（CSCC）、38例CIN3、28例CIN1-2和15例正常宫颈组织中Ezrin的表达。采用原位杂交法检测各组中HPV16 DNA的表达。Ezrin在正常对照组、CIN1-2组、CIN3组和CSCC组阳性率分别为26.7%（4/15）、64.3%（18/28）、63.2%（24/38）、80%（32/40）,CSCC组的表达高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）,且与临床分期和病理分级无关,但与淋巴结转移有关;上述各组中HPV16 DNA表达阳性率分别为6.7%（1/15）、25%（7/28）、65.8%（25/38）、80%（32/40）,各组明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）;CIN3组明显高于CIN1-2组（P〈0.05）;HPV16 DNA的表达与CSCC临床分期、病理分级及有无淋巴结转移无关;Ezrin和HPV16 DNA表达呈正相关（rs=0.476,P〈0.05）。Ezrin在CSCC中的表达与宫颈癌的侵袭性行为有关,可能成为早期宫颈癌预后指标;Ezrin和HPV16感染呈正相关,两者可能协同作用导致宫颈癌的恶性发展。     

电压门控性钾离子通道对人骨肉瘤细胞增殖的影响

研究钾离子通道在人骨肉瘤细胞的表达及通道抑制剂对人骨肉瘤细胞系增殖的影响.通过RT-PCR对三株人骨肉瘤细胞系MG63、Saos-2和SOSP-9607中相关钾离子通道,包括kv1.1, kv1.3, kv1.5, kv2.1, kv3.3/3.4, kv4.1, kv5.1, kv9.3, herg, heag 和kcnq1的基因表达进行检测;用非特异性的电压门控性钾离子通道抑制剂4-AP(4-aminopyridine,4-氨基吡啶)和氯化铯(CsCl),特异性的HERG、HEAG 、和KCa通道抑制剂E-4031、丙咪嗪(imipramine) 和TEA (tetraethylammonium,四乙铵)通过MTT法检测抑制剂对三株人骨肉瘤细胞系MG63、Saos-2和SOSP-9607细胞增殖的影响.通过RT-PCR发现kv1.3, kv1.5, kv2.1, kv3.3/3.4, kv4.1, kv9.3, herg和heag通道基因在三株骨肉瘤细胞系中均有表达,而kv5.1通道基因只在MG63细胞中表达,kcnq1通道基因只在SOSP-607和MG63细胞中表达.MTT法检测发现:E-4031, imipramine 和TEA 对三株骨肉瘤细胞的增殖没有明显的影响,而4-AP药物浓度在3 mol和5 mol时对细胞增殖影响明显.CSCL药物浓度在5 mol时对细胞增殖也有影响,但影响程度较4-AP小.提示钾离子通道在RNA水平广泛地表达于实验的三株人骨肉瘤细胞中,但只有电压门控性钾离子通道参与细胞增殖过程的调节.     

EphB1在结直肠癌中的差异表达及其临床病理学意义

通过检测结肠癌细胞系和结直肠癌组织中EphB1表达及其与临床病理特征之间的关系和启动子区域CpG岛的甲基化情况,探讨EphB1在结直肠癌中的作用及其机制,为结直肠癌的基因治疗寻找新的靶基因.取5株结肠癌细胞系和61例配对液氮冻存及对应石蜡包埋组织,运用实时定量RT-PCR和免疫组织化学方法分别检测EphB1 mRNA和蛋白质表达;同时对mRNA表达下调标本进行启动子区域CpG岛甲基化检测.结果显示,5株结肠癌细胞系中EphB1 mRNA均有表达,并且表达存在差异;61例结直肠癌组织与癌旁正常黏膜相比,EphB1 mRNA和蛋白质表达均存在差异.EphB1 mRNA在31.1%(19/61)的癌组织中下调,52.5%(32/61)上调,EphB1 mRNA低表达和组织分化差异有统计学意义(P=0.008).EphB1蛋白在正常肠黏膜和部分肿瘤细胞中呈阳性表达,下调表达62.3%(38/61),上调表达24.6%(15/61);EphB1蛋白的低表达和组织分化(P=0.033)、浸润深度(P=0.038)、性别(P=0.028)以及部位(P=0.039)间差异都有统计学意义.甲基化特异性PCR检测发现EphB1m...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with