一种新型三维镉配合物的水热合成及其晶体结构

以对苯二乙酸、2,2＇-联吡啶和氯化镉为原料采用水热法合成一种新型配位聚合物．x单晶射线衍射测试表明,标题化合物属于Triclinic晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞参数为a=8．305（3）A,b：8．541（5）（2）A,c=11．034（3）A,a=83．252（5）A,β=81．823（3）A,y=67．601（4）A,V=714．5（5）A,Z=1.每个镉离子分别与对苯二乙酸配体分子上的两个氧原子,2,2＇-联吡啶配体分子中的两个氮原子以及一个氯离子配住,形成一个近似金字塔构型．相邻2,2’-联吡啶配体分子见的π-π堆积作用和其他超分子作用力使配合物形成了一个三雏的超分子聚合物．     

络合作用对钻井泥浆液性能影响的分析

通过研究聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯比咯烷酮等聚合物的反应,发现这些聚合物可以有效的降低聚丙烯酰胺、80A51等聚合物的粘度。原因是以氢键为主的几种作用力与聚合物形成高分子络合物,降低了大分子之间的交联作用,阻碍了空间网状结构的形成,同时,也降低了大分子的特性粘度,从而可以有效的降低聚合物溶液的粘度。     

共轭小分子凝胶剂的研究进展

通过小分子凝胶剂在有机溶剂中形成凝胶的方法可以得到一些纳米或微米级别的自组装结构.在形成凝胶的过程中,它们主要通过一些分子间非共价键作用力,如范德华力、氢键、π-π堆积等来进行自组装.而其中共轭小分子凝胶剂由于其独特的光电性能成为了目前超分子化学家的研究热点之一.文中报道了近些年来共轭小分子凝胶剂(主要包括寡聚苯撑乙烯类、稠环芳烃类等)的研究进展,介绍了这些共轭小分子凝胶剂在有机溶剂中形成凝胶所涉及的非共价键作用力、极限凝胶浓度、自组装形态等,并概括了它们的应用前景.最后总结和展望了共轭小分子凝胶剂体系的研究和发展方向.     

PAN溶液极性对相分离后聚合物晶态结构的影响

利用紫外光谱、流变、XRD等分析方法,研究了溶液极性对PAN晶态结构形成的影响。研究结果发现,PAN溶液中溶剂的极性能够通过影响溶液中PAN分子链的存在状态,导致相分离后聚合物晶态结构产生差异。随着溶剂极性的增大,溶剂分子与PAN大分子链间的相互作用力增强,溶液特性黏度、表观黏度等依次增大,PAN分子链段逐渐舒展,在相同凝固条件下得到的聚合物结晶度逐渐减小,晶粒尺寸依次增大。     

配位聚合物{[Cu(4,4′-bpy)(OH)(H_2O)_2](ClO_4)·2H_2O}_n的合成、表征与性质

采用超声振荡反应与溶液挥发相结合的方法,合成了一类具有3D结构的新型超分子配位聚合物{[Cu(4,4′-bpy)(OH)(H_2O)_2](ClO_4)·2H_2O}n(4,4′-bpy=4,4′-联吡啶).获得其单晶结构,并用X-射线单晶衍射分析、元素分析、X-射线粉末衍射分析和循环伏安法对其进行表征.研究结果表明:该配合物属于单斜晶系;空间群为Cc;晶胞参数为a=1.023 00(7)nm,b=1.988 8(1)nm,c=0.749 90(5)nm,β=100.403(7)°,V=1.500 6(2)nm3,Z=4.在标题化合物中,每个铜(Ⅱ)离子由2个4,4′-联吡啶的2个氮原子,1个氢氧根的1个氧原子和2个水分子的2个氧原子配位,形成畸变的CuN2O3四角锥构型.因每个4,4′-联吡啶桥联2个铜(Ⅱ)离子,故形成了一维链状结构,而相邻的一维链状结构,又通过分子间氢键和π-π相互作用,联结成3D超分子配位聚合物.     

石墨烯对超分子聚合物导电性与自修复性能的影响

文章利用柠檬酸(CA)与N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-1,3-丙二胺(TMPDA)之间的质子交换作用获得超分子聚合物,将还原氧化石墨烯(reduced graphene oxide,RGO)加入其中获得了RGO/超分子聚合物复合材料。采用广角X射线衍射(wide-angle X-ray diffraction,WAXD)、透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,FTIR)、差示扫描量热仪(differential scanning calorimeter,DSC)、旋转黏度仪和电阻计等分析了石墨烯与复合材料的结构,复合材料的热性能、黏度-温度特性、导电性能和自修复性能。结果表明:RGO具有微米级的大尺寸,使其在CA和TMPDA原位形成超分子聚合物复合材料过程中,RGO对部分CA和TMPDA起到了隔离作用,在一定程度上破坏了复合材料中超分子聚合物拟网状结构的完整性;RGO的加入削弱了CA与TMPDA之间的静电相互作用;RGO/超分子聚合物复合材料在升降温过程中的热流减小;RGO使复合材料的黏度大幅下降;由于RGO的高导电性以及复合材料的高流动性,使复合材料的电导率提升了约3个数量级,且导电性随温度的跃迁变化更加显著;与聚合物相比,复合材料的自修复效率更高。     

高效自组装超分子驱油体系研究

胜利油田化学驱优质资源一、二类油藏储量基本动用完毕,以高温高盐油藏为主的三类储量（油藏温度>85 ℃,矿化度> 30 000 mg/L）将是今后三次采油的主阵地,但在高温高盐油藏实施聚合物驱油的过程中遇到诸如聚合物遇盐降黏、高温水解、高温降解等问题,严重影响了聚合物驱油技术的应用。超分子体系是一种小分子通过分子间的作用力进行自组装的一个分子聚集体系,以超分子工程学及超分子化学理论为基础,通过设计合成三种高效超分子产品及驱油体系,并对合成的超分子体系进行驱油性能评价,实验表明RTS 型超分子体系增黏效果显著、具有良好的耐温抗盐性、对污水有良好的适应性,并且具有优良的老化稳定性,室内物模实验表明具有良好的提高采收率效果,应用前景良好。     

络合作用对钻井液性能影响研究

通过研究聚己二醇400、聚乙二醇2000、聚乙烯比咯烷酮、80A51等聚合物的反应,发现这些聚合物可以有效的降低聚丙烯酰胺、80A51等聚合物的粘度.原因是他们可以通过以氢键为主的几种作用力与聚合物形成高分子络合物,降低了大分子之间的交联作用,阻碍了空间网状结构的形成,同时,也降低了大分子的特性粘度,从而可以有效的降低聚合物溶液的粘度.     

新型Cd（Ⅱ）／Zn（Ⅱ）配合物的合成、晶体结构和荧光性质研究

采用溶剂热合成方法,得到了2种未见报道的配合物[Cd2(bpp)2(DNBA)4](1)和[Zn(bpp)(DNBA)2](2)[bpp=1,3-二(4-吡啶基)丙烷,DNBA=3,5-二硝基苯甲酸],通过元素分析、TG、IR、单晶X-射线衍射对化合物的结构进行了表征.结果表明化合物1为双核镉配合物,相邻的双核单元通过π-π堆积作用拓展为1D超分子.化合物2为1D螺旋链状配位聚合物.此外,固态标题化合物在室温下表现出蓝色的荧光性质.     

鹅去氧胆酸分子裂缝对手性分子的识别性能研究

利用紫外可见光谱差光谱滴定法考察了新型鹅去氧胆酸分子裂缝1~4对D/L氨基酸甲酯的对映选择性识别性能.结果表明,分子裂缝1~4对所考察的氨基酸甲酯均具有识别能力,其对D-氨基酸甲酯的识别优于对L-氨基酸甲酯的识别.受体与底物间的大小、形状匹配,微环境效应等对识别性能均有重要影响.识别作用的主要推动力来自受体与底物之间的互补氢键,受体与底物芳环之间的π-π堆叠作用等非共价键作用力的协同作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.