激光熔化处理提高42CrMo钢缺口疲劳强度的研究

研究了淬火＋中温回火和淬火＋高温回火及其激光表面熔化处理的４２ＣｒＭｏ钢的显微组织和旋转弯曲疲劳强度．结果表明，４２ＣｒＭｏ钢经淬火＋中温回火和淬火＋高温回火后分别获得回火托氏体和回火索氏体．再经激光熔化处理后，表层为熔凝层，其组织为树枝（Ｍ＋Ａ′）＋树枝间（Ｍ＋Ａ′＋Ｍ３Ｃ），Ａ′的体积百分数为１９．６％；次表层为固态相变层，其组织为Ｍ＋Ａ′，在近熔凝层处Ａ′的体积百分数高达３５．４％．淬火＋中温回火４２ＣｒＭｏ钢的疲劳强度σ－１、σ－１ｎ均高于淬火＋高温回火４２ＣｒＭｏ钢．对缺口进行激光熔化处理可以提高σ－１ｎ和降低缺口敏感度ｑ，疲劳裂纹源移至次表面     

热处理对GCr15钢性能的影响

本文研究ＧＣｒ１５钢的各种热处理强韧化。通过降低淬火奥氏体化温度，控制马氏体Ｍ中含碳 量，改变Ｍ形态，减小Ｍ领域尺寸；或经高温固溶炭化物超细化予处理；或以等温淬火获得（Ｂ下 ＋Ｍ）混合组织。所有这些处理，都可使ＧＣｒ１５钢获得不同程度的强韧化，对冲击韧性、静弯强 度、压溃强度、断裂韧性、耐磨性和接触疲劳寿命都产生有利的影响。     

690MPa级海洋平台用特厚齿条钢的回火稳定性

研究了长时间回火(2,4和8h)对海洋平台用齿条钢A514 GrQ显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,回火过程中,淬火态马氏体板条组织发生回复,C,Cr,Mo和V等元素扩散,析出MC,M₂C和M₂₃C₆型碳化物,回火2h后碳化物类型趋于稳定,并发生Ostwald熟化现象;随着回火时间的增加,实验钢的抗拉强度由淬火态的1100MPa逐渐降低到回火8h时的813MPa,屈服强度由淬火态的931MPa逐渐降低至回火8h时的725MPa;淬火态实验钢回火2h后,-60℃冲击功由淬火态的187J增加至238J,继续增加回火时间,冲击功趋于稳定,约为245J;延伸率由淬火态的15.2%增加至回火2h时的16.7%,并且随着回火时间的增加,升高至回火8h时的19.5%.实验钢在600℃回火2~8h过程中,具有良好的回火稳定性和强韧性匹配,最佳回火时间为2h.     

超高速钢的热处理工艺研究

通过对铸态超高速钢的热处理工艺试验，得出了最佳等温退火软化工艺参数．在进行了淬火和高温回火最终热处理试验后，借助于定量金相和电子显微分析，认为在淬火回火过程中，主要是Ｍ６Ｃ型碳化物的溶解和沉淀析出，而ＭＣ型碳化物的影响较小。     

热处理对多元微量低铬白口铸铁机械性能与显微组织的影响

研究了淬火温度、冷却介质、回火温度对多元微量低铬白口铁机械性能和显微组织的影响．经过热处理后的碳化物呈断网和细粒状分布,力学性能HRC为54～65,αk为5．6～7．4J／cm2．结果表明,硬度值、冲击值均比铸态分别提高了12～20％、56～80％,强化效果显著．     

高速钢中碳化物的检测

本文利用选择腐蚀、透射电镜、硬度测试和体积分数测定等手段，分析了一种新型铸态超高速钢中碳化物的种类、硬度和所占体积百分数．结果表明；试验钢中主要含有Ｍ６Ｃ和ＭＣ型碳化物，其硬度分别为ＨＭ１０００、ＨＭ２０００左右；体积为２６％和２１％，另外，还有少量Ｍ２Ｃ型碳化物．     

多类型碳化物钢DSA的热处理组织结构及硬度

研究表明，DSA钢中的碳化物有5种类型，即M6C、M3C、M23C6、M7C3及MC(VC)．820℃退火碳化物平均尺寸为0．91μm，860℃淬火剩余碳化物平均尺寸为0．23μm．淬火硬度HRC65-66，180～300℃回火硬度HRC59～62．该钢是一种多类型碳化物冷作模具钢，易溶解的碳化物可提高较低淬火温度时的奥氏体固溶度，提高淬火硬度．未溶解的碳化物可阻碍奥氏体晶粒长大，使淬火温度加宽．回火时析出不同类型碳化物可提高抗回火性．     

无碳化物贝氏体钢低温韧性

对适用在—80℃以上低温的Ni5．5铸钢，从成分设计、热处理工艺的选择、机械性能及低温冲击韧度等方面进行了研究．经采用中温淬火 高温回火热处理的Ni5．5铸钢，在—80℃时其冲击韧度5．66J大于低温钢最低要求冲击韧度2．07J的2倍，并且具有较高的强度、韧性指标．在得到的强韧性综合指标较好的贝氏体组织中，没有残余奥氏体和碳化物．试验结果表明，Ni5．5铸钢具有无碳化物贝氏体结构、良好的机械性能和低温冲击韧性．     

30C_rM_nS_iA钢合金板条马氏体性能研究

本文对３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ钢在淬火、淬火加低温回火状态下的组织与性能进行了较系统的实验研究。实验结果表明：３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ钢在淬火及淬火加低温回火状态下的显微组织为板条马氏体，具有优良的机械性能。其应用价值远远超过常规热处理规定的淬火加高温回火状态。     

碳化物增强钢基复合材料的奥氏体化行为

研究了碳化钨（ＷＣ）增强钢基复合材料在９８０～１２４０℃温度范围的高温奥氏体化行为及相应的淬火硬化效应．发现此材料的奥氏体化温度范围宽,在９８０～１１００℃加热淬火均能得到细小的组织结构,而且具有显著的淬火硬化效果（ＨＲＣ６８）．并且测量及探讨了不同状态下大块硬质相、ＷＣ聚集区及基体显微硬度（ＨＶ０．０５）的变化以及与宏观洛氏硬度之间的关系．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.