铌酸锂薄膜制备的研究现状及进展

铌酸锂(LiNbO3)是目前已知的居里温度最高(1 210℃)[1-2]和自发极化最大(0.70 C/m2)[3]的铁电体材料.由于具有优良的压电[4]、电光[4]、声光[5]、热释电[6]及非线性光学[7-8]等特性,被广泛地应用于声学、光学、光通讯、光集成等领域,被人们称为“通用型”和“聪明”材料[9].LiN     

熔盐法合成片状NaNbO3晶体

片状NaNbO3晶体可作为反应模板晶粒生长技术(RTGG)制备高取向铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷的模板晶体,通常采用两步熔盐法合成.首先合成片状Bi2.5Na3.5Nb5O18(BNN5)晶体,然后以BNN5晶体作为前驱体合成NaNbO3晶体.借助X射线衍射(XRD)仪、扫描电镜(SEM)及高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM),考察合成温度以及保温时间对晶体物相、形貌和尺寸的影响并揭示片状NaNbO3晶体的形成机理.结果表明:以NaCl为熔盐,1 150 ℃保温4 h,得到物相单一、形貌规则、尺寸均一的片状NaNbO3晶体,晶体尺寸约为15 μm×10 μm×1 μm.片状NaNbO3晶体的形成机理是高温条件下由于熔盐中Na2CO3作用,BNN5晶体中[Bi2O2]层被破坏,Bi3+、O2-不断从结构中析出,[Bi2O2]层脱离.同时一部分Na+进入晶格中取代[NbO6]八面体空隙中的Bi3+,另一部分Na+进入[Bi2O2]层脱离后形成的空位中与NaNbO3基元进行结构重排,最终形成NaNbO3晶体.     

Yb:YPO_4晶体的生长及光谱表征

<正>随着激光技术的发展,小型、稳定、高效的微晶激光器得到了人们的日益关注[1]。由于高浓度掺杂激活离子[2],稀土正磷酸盐(REPO4)晶体成为微晶激光器基质材料之一,尤其是四方磷钇矿结构的磷酸钇(YPO4)晶体被学者广泛研究。Makhov V等[3]用紫外光激发Nd:YPO4晶体,在9-300K温度下,获得的荧光光谱均在189nm处有带宽较宽的发射峰。王丹等[4]测试了(Y,Tb)PO4晶体的荧光光谱,发现该晶体能吸收112nm~     

生命不息，奋斗不止——记中国工程院院士沈德忠

正沈德忠(1940.6-2014.04.05)出生于贵州贵阳。我国人工晶体专家。1964年毕业于四川大学物理系固体物理专业;1986-1987年于多伦多大学进修光波导;1993-1994年在美国圣芭芭拉大学合作研究光折变效应。1995年当选为中国工程院院士。先后生长出铌酸钾(KN)、磷酸氧钛钾(KTP)等十多种晶体;研究成功高光学质量的大单畴KN晶体,使该晶体的批量生产和实际应用成为可能。"铌酸钾晶体的研制"获1988年国家科学技术进步一等奖。熔剂法电光KTP晶体的研制成功,获2001年国家科学技术进步二等奖及美国杜邦科技创新奖。     

铌镁(锌)酸铅-钛酸铅弛豫铁电单晶研究进展

在最近十几年中,新型弛豫型铁电单晶铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅和铌锌酸铅-钛酸铅受到了广泛的关注。这是由于这种新型的弛豫型铁电单晶和传统的压电材料相比较,在准同型相界附近表现出良好的压电、介电与电致伸缩性能。文章介绍了铌镁(锌)酸铅-钛酸铅系列单晶的基本性质,国内外在该晶体制备及晶体性能相关领域的研究进展。     

新型取代缺位钨杂多酸盐的合成与结构

标题化合物K4[H3 xSiCoxW12-xO40]·16H2O(x=0.75)是由硝酸钴Co(NO3)2与β-11-钨硅杂多酸盐β-K8[SiW11O39]反应制得的.其晶体属于四方晶系,空间群为P4n2,晶胞参数:a=b=1.412(2)nm,c=1.2384(3)nm,α=β=γ=90(°),V=2.4692(8)nm,Dc=4.343g·cm-3,Z=2.X-射线单晶结构分析表明,其晶体是由具有硅氧四面体SiO4为中心,具有D2d对称性的阴离子[H3 xSiCoxW12-xO40]4-、阳离子K 以及水分子堆积而成三维结构;其中Co2 统计地取代了β-11-钨硅杂多酸盐的空位,不同于熟知的α-、β-或γ-型单空位取代杂多酸盐结构的形成过程也作了讨论.     

多金属氧酸盐[EMIM]_2·Na_2[SiW_(12)O_(40)]的离子热合成与表征

本文在离子液体[EMIM]Br(EMIM=1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑)中,利用离子热方法合成了一种未见报道的α-Keggin型多金属氧酸盐[EMIM]2·Na2[SiW12O40]。并利用X-射线晶体衍射、元素分析、红外、紫外、热分析、电化学等手段对其结构和性质进行了表征。     

近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体制备方法的研究进展

近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体(SLN)具有比同成分铌酸锂晶体(CLN)更加优越的性能,本文对SLN晶体的制备方法进行了总结,并对各种方法进行了比较,指出了SLN晶体各制备方法的的主要优点及今后需要改进之处。     

Sol-gel法制备铌酸钠棒

采用溶胶凝胶法,以氢氧化铌为铌源,以柠檬酸为络合剂,乙二醇为酯化剂,添加PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)改性来制备铌酸钠棒。采用TG/DTA对干凝胶热解成份进行分析,用XRD对样品的结晶结构进行表征,用扫描电镜观察样品的特征结构,并用EDS检测样品中元素的组成,研究了形成棒状铌酸钠所需的最佳条件。     

利用光析晶体Fe_1L_1N_bO_3四波混频实时实现图象微分

本文利用掺铌酸锂晶体Fe:L_iN_bO_3的简并四波混频现象,依据文献[2],提出用调制泵浦波的方法,实时地获得图象微分。这对于图象信息处理,尤其是边缘轮廓的提取具有重要的意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with