单宁及其微生物降解途径研究进展

主要介绍了单宁的分布与分类,及棓单宁、鞣花单宁的结构及结构特点,它们的主要化学降解反应,讲述了单宁对动物的影响即单宁的毒副作用以及单宁的消除方法,并重点阐述了棓单宁、鞣花单宁和缩合单宁的生物降解途径,提出采用DNA重组技术克隆单宁酶基因、构建单宁酶基因工程菌,生产高活性、耐高温的单宁酶,将成为单宁降解领域的研究趋势。     

鞣花酸及其衍生物研究进展

鞣花酸是国外正在开发的保健食品与药物,研究证明了鞣花酸具有抗癌变、抗突变作用,还兼备抗菌、抗病毒作用,文章综述了近年来有关鞣花酸及其衍生物的研究进展,总结了鞣花酸及其衍生物的提取方法和应用。     

橡椀单宁降解酶特性的研究

借助于没食子酸丙酯为模型化合物作为底物,对一株能抵抗橡椀单宁(鞣花类单宁)生物毒性并能有效降解这种单宁的菌株的降解特性进行了研究。结果表明这株菌不仅具有单宁酶的活性,而且具有多酚氧化酶（PPO）的活性。通过对不同底物对内胞霉PPO酶促反应速度的影响研究证实橡椀单宁的降解不仅与单宁酶有关还与多酚氧化酶有关。     

鞣花酸衍生物的合成及抑制HCV NS3蛋白酶活性

从中草药叶下珠中活性追踪、提取出具有体外抑制HCV NS3丝氨酸蛋白酶活性的先导化合物——鞣花酸,进而化学合成鞣花酸的衍生物并用NMR和MS确定结构;采用ELISA法测定了所合成鞣花酸衍生物体外抑制HCV-NS3丝氨酸蛋白酶的活性.     

橡椀单宁降解酶产生菌发酵条件

对分离到的一株可产生橡Wan单宁降解酶，并有较高鞣花酸产率的曲霉发酵条件进行了研究。结果表明，该菌产橡Wan单宁降解酶的适宜培养条件为：培养液的橡Wan单宁浓度为5.0g/L、蔗糖20g/L、蛋白胨6.0g/L，起始pH5.0,250mL三角瓶培养液装液量为100mL，30℃、120r/min摇床培养48h。该酶在pH为4.0-5.0、温度30℃时稳定性最好。     

化香果化学成分的研究

<正> 化香果是化香树(Platycarya Strobilacea Sieb et Zucc.属胡桃科)的果实,长椭圆形球果状,具狭翅。主产江苏、浙江、安徽、山东、河南、江西等省,朝鲜、日本亦有分布。化香树各部位均含单宁,果实的单宁含量高达30％左右,是国内重要的水解类栲胶原料之一。 化香果栲胶除广泛用于制革和锅炉除垢剂外,还具有其他水解类栲胶所没有的某些特殊用途,例如可以代替单宁酸作为半导体材料锗的良好浮选剂,等等。 有关化香果化学成分的研究情况,迄今未见报道。为了改进栲胶质量,并为扩大栲胶用途提供理论依据,对其化学成分的研究是极为重要的。 本研究以南京地区的化香果为试验原料,分别用甲醇和70％甲醇连续浸提。甲醇浸提液经减压浓缩后再用乙酸乙酯多次萃取,最后通过色层分离得到五种化合物。经理化常数测定,紫外、红外光谱和纸层析图谱与标准样品对照,确定结构成分有一种是鞣花酸,其余四种尚待鉴定。     

鞣花酸开发前景看好

随着人民生活水平的不断提高,人们不再仅以温饱为目标,而是在吃饱吃好的同时更加注重医疗保健。有资料表明,城市居民中有60％的人使用保健品、新药、特药,这为医药行业开发新产品提供了广阔的市场空间。鞣花酸是广泛存在于各种软果、坚果等植物组织中的一种天然多酚成分,它是没食子酸的二聚衍生物,是一种多酚二内酯。近十几年来,人们就鞣花酸的抗突变、抗癌变效力及其对化学物质诱导癌变的抑制作用进行了很多研究。在对鼠和人体组织移植所做的体内和体外试验中,鞣花酸表现出对化学物质诱导癌变及其他多种癌变有明显的抑制作用,特别…     

碳纳米管丝网印刷电极测定鞣花酸

以碳纳米管丝网印刷电极为工作电极,建立了利用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法测定鞣花酸的电化学分析方法.结果表明:鞣花酸在电极表面易发生氧化反应,不易发生还原反应,当鞣花酸浓度在4.381×10-6～1.309×10-4mol/L范围内时其溶液浓度与峰电流呈良好的线性关系,最低检出限为1.905×10-6mol/L.2种方法均可以在优化条件下实现快速检测鞣花酸.     

长期摄入水解单宁对鼠类生殖的影响

水解单宁(hydrolyzed tannin)是橡子内主要的单宁酸类型,对以橡子为主要食物来源的鼠类的生存繁衍有重要影响.为探究长期取食水解单宁对鼠类的生殖激素与生殖器官产生的影响.选择72只(雌雄个体各36只)4周龄的健康昆明小鼠,随机分为4组,分别为对照组(水解单宁比例为0)、低单宁组(水解单宁比例为2%)、中单宁组(水解单宁比例为7%)和高单宁组(水解单宁比例为12%),用不同水解单宁含量的饲料饲喂42 d后解剖取样.结果显示,高含量水解单宁显著降低了雄鼠存活率;中、高含量水解单宁对生殖激素的稳定产生负面效应;高含量水解单宁造成生殖器官损伤,导致小鼠卵巢与睾丸生理结构改变,降低了正常卵泡数量和精子的发生.试验验证了长期摄入高含量水解单宁打破了鼠类的生殖激素平衡且造成了生殖器官的损伤.     

鞣花酸对铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻的生长抑制作用

采用三种不同浓度的鞣花酸作用于斜生栅藻和铜绿微囊藻,探索了鞣花酸对这两种藻的生长抑制作用.通过同期生长的处理组与对照组的藻细胞数和OD值比较以及抑制率计算t、检验等对实验结果进行分析表明:鞣花酸对铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻的最大抑制率都在85%以上,但对铜绿微囊藻抑藻效果更显著.鞣花酸浓度为0.9 mmol/L时,对斜生栅藻的生长有明显的抑制作用;而在0.6mmol/L时就对铜绿微囊藻表现出明显的抑制效应,这些结果可为水华的治理提供理论参考.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.