利用高分辨率光缔合光谱学研究超冷铯分子的长程态

报道了利用高分辨光谱学对铯原子光缔合的实验研究, 用相对于铯分子6S_1/2+6P_3/2离解限最大红失谐为40 cm^-1的光缔合激光作用于磁光阱中超冷铯原子, 观察到通过光缔合产生的激发态超冷分子. 应用lock-in技术探测磁光阱超冷铯原子的荧光, 提高了光谱的信号-噪声比. 实验得到的光缔合光谱分别属于相对于6S_1/2+6P_3/2离解限的0^-_g , 1_g和 0⁺_u 3个长程态. 通过LeRoy-Bernstein定律标定出谱线中各个长程态相应的振动量子数, 并计算出长程相互作用主导项的有效系数. 同时在光缔合过程观察到了转动量子数 J 很高的分子转动结构, 这主要是由于在俘获光存在下光缔合过程中有高次分波介入的原因.     

利用高分辨率光缔合光谱学研究超冷铯分子的长程态

报道了利用高分辨光谱学对铯原子光缔合的实验研究, 用相对于铯分子6S_1/2+6P_3/2离解限最大红失谐为40 cm^-1的光缔合激光作用于磁光阱中超冷铯原子, 观察到通过光缔合产生的激发态超冷分子. 应用lock-in技术探测磁光阱超冷铯原子的荧光, 提高了光谱的信号-噪声比. 实验得到的光缔合光谱分别属于相对于6S_1/2+6P_3/2离解限的0^-_g , 1_g和 0⁺_u 3个长程态. 通过LeRoy-Bernstein定律标定出谱线中各个长程态相应的振动量子数, 并计算出长程相互作用主导项的有效系数. 同时在光缔合过程观察到了转动量子数 J 很高的分子转动结构, 这主要是由于在俘获光存在下光缔合过程中有高次分波介入的原因.     

冷原子物理

冷原子物理研究冷原子的产生、冷原子的物理特性及冷原子的应用.具体包括:利用激光与原子的相互作用实现原子的激光冷却与磁光囚禁,利用蒸发冷却、协同冷却等新冷却机制实现超冷原子,利用远失谐光偶极阱、光晶格等新囚禁方法囚禁超冷原子;用Feshbach共振方法调节原子之间的相互作用,从而产生超冷分子、三体Efimov态等少体束缚...     

分子间高缔合比例疏水聚合物研究(Ⅰ)

分析了目前疏水缔合聚合物在研究和应用中的存在问题,认为主要原因是聚合物分子结构设计不当和聚合反应控制不当。分析了环境疏水缔合作用HAWP流变性之间的相互作用关系,认为疏水缔合作用是HAWP水溶液中形成可逆的超分子结构和溶液保持其结构流体特性的根本原因,而分子设计的手段可以实现对分子链内缔合/分子链间缔合动态平衡的调节。分析了疏水缔合作用与HAWP溶液耐温抗盐性能之间的关系,提出了设计分子间高缔合比例疏水缔合聚合物的分子设计目标：通过调节所引入疏水基团参与溶液超分子缔合结构的效率,使其溶液的耐温抗盐性能得到进一步提高,同时尽可能降低因疏水基团的引入带来的负面影响。     

超冷分子实验方法探究

将分子的冷却分为直接冷却和间接冷却,并分别对直接冷却机制下的缓冲气体冷却、分子Stark减速冷却和蒸发协同冷却,间接冷却机制下的光缔合技术、光学Feshbach共振技术和磁场可调谐的Feshbach共振技术进行了描述。     

利用三维光晶格技术实现铯原子冷却的实验研究

激光冷却原子是超冷原子分子物理实验的基础,在精密测量、量子模拟等研究中具有重要的意义.为了获得温度更低,密度更高的超冷铯原子样品作为制备超冷基态铯分子的起点,本文实验展示了一种利用三维光晶格装载实现超冷铯原子温度进一步降低的方法,有效克服了磁光阱中超冷原子辐射光子自吸收引起的加热问题.在标准的磁光阱系统中获得超冷铯原子的基础上,利用压缩磁光阱技术提高超冷铯原子的密度.通过四束激光构建三维光晶格,实现超冷铯原子的高效装载,采用飞行时间法测量了原子的温度,观察到温度由~6 0.0μK降低至~1 1.6μK的冷却结果.同时研究了光晶格激光的频率与原子装载数目的关系,发现在负失谐1 5.5GHz时光晶格装载效率最高.同时,本文研究了利用光晶格减小超冷原子辐射光子自吸收引起的加热问题,对于进一步降低铯原子温度的研究具有深远的意义.     

聚苯硫醚砜激基缔合物荧光光谱的研究

研究了芳环在主链上的刚性高分子聚苯硫醚砜（ＰＰＳＳ）及ＰＰＳＳ－双酚Ａ无规共聚物在二氯甲烷溶液中的荧光光谱．实验结果表明，当ＰＰＳＳ溶液的浓度大于８．１×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，能由浓度效应证明，不仅有分子间的激基缔合物形成，而且随着外部光照射时间的增长，ＰＰＳＳ溶液中的激基缔合物可因分子链构象的变化而消失．在相同条件下，所得的ＰＰＳＳ－双酚Ａ无规共聚物的荧光光谱中，只有单分子荧光谱带，而无激基缔合物谱带，并对此结果进行了必要的讨论     

量子微观和介观系统中的冷和超冷碰撞

本书是剑桥大学出版社出版的关于量子微观和介观系统的冷碰撞和超冷碰撞的专著。在现代原子物理学、分子物理学、光物理学甚至凝聚态物理学、化学物理学中，冷碰撞和超冷碰撞占有重要的地位。     

分子间高缔合比例疏水聚合物研究(Ⅱ)

以进一步提高耐温抗盐性能和降低所引入疏水基团的负面影响为设计目标,设计了主链采用C—C键连接、刚性的苯环结构作为间隔基团、采用─O─键连接聚合物的主链和疏水基团的新型疏水缔合聚合物的分子结构;通过合理选择疏水基团、间隔基团和键接方式,设计出了满足分子间缔合比例要求的非离子型疏水单体ANPE（Allyl-(4-Nonyl) Phenyl Ether）;采用相转移催化法,且以低毒性的丙酮代替苯作为有机溶剂合成了疏水单体ANPE;对AM、AA和疏水单体ANPE进行三元胶束共聚合,获得了分子间高缔合比例疏水缔合聚合物（ANPE-HAWP）;红外和紫外表征谱图证明了疏水单体ANPE和疏水缔合聚合物（ANPE-HAWP）的分子结构。     

绿色银纳米粒子的共振散射光谱研究

以柠檬酸钠作光还原剂,采用紫外光一可见光二步光化学法制备了绿色银纳米粒子．在399．4nm和691．5nm处有2个紫外一可见吸收峰;在340nm,470nm和520nm处有3个共振散射峰．从超分子和纳米粒子这一整体出发,探讨了共振散射光谱产生的原因及银超分子光反应机理．     

Electrostatic trapping of ammonia molecules

The ability to cool and slow atoms with light for subsequent trapping allows investigations of the properties and interactions of the trapped atoms in unprecedented detail. By contrast, the complex structure of molecules prohibits this type of manipulation, but magnetic trapping of calcium hydride molecules thermalized in ultra-cold buffer gas and optical trapping of caesium dimers generated from ultra-cold caesium atoms have been reported. However, these methods depend on the target molecules being paramagnetic or able to form through the association of atoms amenable to laser cooling, respectively, thus restricting the range of species that can be studied. Here we describe the slowing of an adiabatically cooled beam of deuterated ammonia molecules by time-varying inhomogeneous electric fields and subsequent loading into an electrostatic trap. We are able to trap state-selected ammonia molecules with a density of 10(6) cm(-3) in a volume of 0.25 cm3 at temperatures below 0.35 K. We observe pronounced density oscillations caused by the rapid switching of the electric fields during loading of the trap. Our findings illustrate that polar molecules can be efficiently cooled and trapped, thus providing an opportunity to study collisions and collective quantum effects in a wide range of ultra-cold molecular systems.     

Quantum encounters of the cold kind

Since the introduction of laser-cooling techniques for neutral atoms in the early 1980s, the study of collisional interactions between atoms and molecules has been extended to the regime of ultracold temperatures. With nanokelvin temperatures now attainable, our ability to probe the interactions, both experimentally and theoretically, has also progressed. Understanding of the subtle and often highly quantum-mechanical effects that are manifest at such low energies has advanced to the point where new precision measurements are matched by highly accurate theoretical calculations. Low-energy phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation and the photoassociation of atoms into bound molecules are now accurately described with no free parameters.     

Laser intensity induced transparency in atom-molecular transition process

We propose a new transparency mechanism, which is based on photoassociation （PA） laser intensity induced transitional frequency shift for ultracold cesium molecules formed in PA scheme. The PA laser intensity is supposed to change before the atommolecule resonance. Thus, a remarkable transparent effect for PA laser is expected to appear in the vicinity of original resonant transitional line, where the variation of PA laser intensity induces the shift of the excited molecular levels. The mechanism is different from electromagnetically induced transparency effect and interesting for further research on the scattering length for cesium atomic condensate.     

Creation of ultracold molecules from a Fermi gas of atoms

Following the realization of Bose-Einstein condensates in atomic gases, an experimental challenge is the production of molecular gases in the quantum regime. A promising approach is to create the molecular gas directly from an ultracold atomic gas; for example, bosonic atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate have been coupled to electronic ground-state molecules through photoassociation or a magnetic field Feshbach resonance. The availability of atomic Fermi gases offers the prospect of coupling fermionic atoms to bosonic molecules, thus altering the quantum statistics of the system. Such a coupling would be closely related to the pairing mechanism in a fermionic superfluid, predicted to occur near a Feshbach resonance. Here we report the creation and quantitative characterization of ultracold 40K2 molecules. Starting with a quantum degenerate Fermi gas of atoms at a temperature of less than 150 nK, we scan the system over a Feshbach resonance to create adiabatically more than 250,000 trapped molecules; these can be converted back to atoms by reversing the scan. The small binding energy of the molecules is controlled by detuning the magnetic field away from the Feshbach resonance, and can be varied over a wide range. We directly detect these weakly bound molecules through their radio-frequency photodissociation spectra; these probe the molecular wavefunction, and yield binding energies that are consistent with theory.     

Atom-molecule coherence in a Bose-Einstein condensate

Recent advances in the precise control of ultracold atomic systems have led to the realisation of Bose Einstein condensates (BECs) and degenerate Fermi gases. An important challenge is to extend this level of control to more complicated molecular systems. One route for producing ultracold molecules is to form them from the atoms in a BEC. For example, a two-photon stimulated Raman transition in a (87)Rb BEC has been used to produce (87)Rb(2) molecules in a single rotational-vibrational state, and ultracold molecules have also been formed through photoassociation of a sodium BEC. Although the coherence properties of such systems have not hitherto been probed, the prospect of creating a superposition of atomic and molecular condensates has initiated much theoretical work. Here we make use of a time-varying magnetic field near a Feshbach resonance to produce coherent coupling between atoms and molecules in a (85)Rb BEC. A mixture of atomic and molecular states is created and probed by sudden changes in the magnetic field, which lead to oscillations in the number of atoms that remain in the condensate. The oscillation frequency, measured over a large range of magnetic fields, is in excellent agreement with the theoretical molecular binding energy, indicating that we have created a quantum superposition of atoms and diatomic molecules two chemically different species.     

茄尼醇的红外和拉曼光谱研究

采用激光拉曼散射光谱法对茄尼醇分子进行研究，得到了高质量的茄尼醇拉曼谱图，对其谱带进行了初步指认，对茄尼醇红外光谱的特征谱带也进行了具体指认。通过对红外和拉曼光谱的比较，初步推论多烯光谱中双键振动谱带的数目等于双键的数目。     

混合气体放电中等离子体发射光谱诊断

采用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,分别在氮气/氩气、空气/氩气2种混合气体放电中,采用光谱的方法测量了氮分子(C3Πu)和氮分子离子391.4 nm(B2Σu+→X2Σg+)谱线随混合气体的体积分数的变化.实验表明:随混合气体中氩气体积分数的增加,氮分子(C3Πu)的谱线强度增强,而氮分子离子391.4 nm谱线强度减弱;在2种混合气体中、相同的氩气体积分数下,氮气/氩气混合气体放电时的氮分子(C3Πu)和氮分子离子391.4 nm(B2Σu+→X2Σg+)发射谱线强度比空气/氩气混合气体放电时的强.     

双腔系统中腔场间的纠缠

考虑单个二能级原子穿过两个空间分离的单模腔场.由于腔场与原子间的相互作用使得两个腔场间产生纠缠.研究原子质心运动的动能、腔长和腔间距对这种纠缠的影响.结果表明:在原子的动能较小时,原子通过双腔系统的几率较小,腔场间产生纠缠的几率也小;原子动能较大时,原子更容易隧穿双腔系统,腔场间产生的纠缠几率也较大.     

胸腺嘧啶分子振动光谱及其量子化学计算

分别检测了胸腺嘧啶粉末的拉曼光谱和红外光谱,并用量子化学B3LYP/6-311**G(含电子相关效应的杂化密度泛函理论DFT)方法,对胸腺嘧啶分子进行了几何结构优化,理论计算了胸腺嘧啶分子的拉曼散射光谱和红外光谱,并将计算结果与实验值进行比较.结果表明:采用DFT方法的计算结果能够和实验值很好的吻合.通过Gauss View可视化软件,对胸腺嘧啶分子的振动频率进行了全面的归属.     

银胶-分子体系的吸收光谱研究

通过紫外－ 可见吸收光谱研究了作为 Ｓ Ｅ Ｒ Ｓ衬底的银胶体系在不同情况下的光吸收特性,结果表明检测分子及氯离子的加入均会引起银胶的凝聚,在三者共存情况下由于加入检测分子和氯离子的顺序不同,其吸收光谱存在明显的差异并解释了产生这种差异的原因,同时也证实了在银胶体系中存在“热粒子”和“活位”的合理性