气液两相弹状流动中气弹及其尾流气泡参数的瞬态测量

利用管内气液两相弹状流中因气弹周围液膜加速、减速所致的波动差压,实验测量了气弹速度、气弹长度以及气弹尾流作用长度等参数,并利用气弹尾流气泡群在尾流瞬变压力激励下所辐射的声波及其频谱,对尾流气泡群的最可几尺寸进行了测量．实验结果及误差分析表明,该测量方法比传统方法在无流场干扰、测量结果多样性等方面显示出较强优越性．     

基于光电池阵列的小通道气液两相流气泡参数检测方法

提出一种基于光电池阵列的小通道气液两相流气泡尺寸(气泡截面直径及其截面中心点位置)检测新方法。该方法先利用光电池阵列传感器获得反映小通道内气液两相流气泡截面信息的光强分布信号,然后利用主成分分析对信号降维,最后利用支持向量机(SVM)方法分别建立气泡截面直径和气泡截面中心点位置的测量模型,并进而实现气泡截面直径及其截面中心点位置2个参数的测量。在内径为4.04 mm的水平玻璃管内进行的初步实验研究结果表明本文所提出的基于光电池阵列的小通道气液两相流气泡尺寸检测方法是可行的、有效的。气泡截面中心点位置测量的最大相对误差小于8%,气泡中部截面直径测量的最大相对误差小于10%。     

倾斜方管内气液两相分层流界面的稳定性分析

利用双流体模型推导了倾斜方管内气液两相流界面波的色散方程，分析了界面的稳定性，系统研究了管道尺寸，气液两相流量，液相粘度，表面张力及通道倾角对界面稳定性的影响。     

离心泵气液两相流数值模拟与可视化试验

为了研究离心泵输送气液两相介质时的内部流动规律,采用FLUENT软件对其内部流动进行了数值模拟,同时采用高速摄像机及普通相机对泵内气液两相流动进行了拍摄分析。研究了叶轮、蜗壳以及吸水管内的气液两相流动,分析了进口气相体积分率对泵内部流动与外特性的影响,揭示了离心泵内气相分布随进口气相体积分率的变化规律。研究结果表明:随着进口气相体积分率的增加,吸水管内的流型从塞状流变为分层流,叶轮内气泡从相对均匀分布到积聚成团最后堵塞流道。随着进口气相体积分率的增加、小流量工况(5、7 m~3/h)下,泵的流量不断减小,扬程急剧下降;在大流量工况(10、12、15 m~3/h)下,泵的流量先增大后减小,扬程缓慢减小。在半径为0.6倍叶轮半径附近,气相体积分率和气泡直径达到最大值。气泡直径随着进口气相体积分率的增加而增大,随着转速的增大而减小。研究结果对气液两相流泵的优化设计及高效运行具有参考价值。     

上倾管道充气排液过程两相流动特性

在直径为40 mm、倾斜角为20°的管道内,以空气、水为试验介质,利用高速摄影仪和数据采集仪对上倾管道充气排液过程气液两相流动特性进行研究。建立跟随气泡和领先气泡速度比与气泡距离的关系,对比不同入口气体流速下管道内部压力、流量、气泡变化特性。结果表明,充气排液过程分为4个阶段,气体侵入和气液喷发阶段是气液混合物产生阶段,此阶段上倾管内流型以段塞流为主。管道底部压力和出口流量随气体流速的增大而增大,排空时间随气体流速的增大而减小。气体侵入过程气泡呈合并趋势,入口气速越大气泡越长,形状越不规则,领先气泡的速度和液体速度呈线性关系。Hout公式与本文中拟合公式最为接近。     

电导探针法气泡参数自动测量系统

气液两相流是化工、能源和动力等行业的设备中广泛存在的一种工作状态。为使工程设计经济合理、设备运行优化及评价各种安全因子,故需要提供气液两相流中的气泡参数(尺寸分布、速度及气含率)等特征参数。我院该课题组经过几年的探索、实验研究,终于研究出微型化电导探针传感器及微机自动测量系统,能在线实时地测量气液两相流中的气     

基于离心法引发的气液两相环状流的数值模拟及流量测量研究

用数值模拟方法研究了水平管内气液两相流经过旋流叶片这种离心原件的流动特点。入口为段塞流,空气为主相,水为次相。研究在离心力作用下给气液相分布和流型转变带来的影响。模拟结果表明段塞流经过离心原件后流型转变为环状流;且环状流的液膜相对比较均匀。实验引进了3D打印技术,试制了旋流叶片,并开展了气液两相流实验研究,采用多普勒流速仪测量,通过对液膜速度分布曲线积分即可获得液相质量流量。实验取得了良好的结果,误差基本都在10%以内。实现了管内相分离和流量的非介入式测量,为气液两相流计量提供了指导意义。     

光纤两相流测试系统与实验

基于光纤双探针的方法设计了一套光纤两相流参数测量系统,可以满足两相流的微观特性测试的需求.该系统能够很好地识别气液两相流中的不同相,将光纤探针测得的光信号转换为电信号,经过偏置放大等处理后输送给采集系统,最终通过计算机编程进行数据处理.模拟实验测得了含气率、气泡速度、气泡大小等3个参数,分析了其径向分布规律:在一定的操作条件下,随着气流量的增加,含气率随之增加,径向分布由边壁峰、中间峰转向中心峰;气泡的上升速度增加,呈现管道中央速度大边壁速度小的分布;在一定的范围内,气泡大小的径向分布比较平稳.该实验验证了光纤两相流测量系统的可行性,展示了光纤探针技术用于两相流测量的优越性.     

正丁醇和表观气速对外环流反应器内气泡特征的影响

用双探针电导探头测量了外环流反应器内空气-水和空气-正丁醇水溶液体系中气含率、气泡平均(Sauter)直径、气泡上升速度、气泡尺寸分布以及气液相界面积.考察正丁醇浓度和气速对流型和气泡特征的影响规律,用流体动力学理论和聚并机理对其进行分析.得到实验条件下正丁醇水溶液浓度影响气含率的临界浓度Ccrit.     

微膨胀床反应器内气液分布设备性能数值模拟

用VOF数值模型方法,对适用于上流式微膨胀床反应器内的气液分布设备进行了数值模拟研究,并与实验结果进行了对比。考察了气液分布设备对气液两相的分布作用,包括分布器内的动态流动特征和流动形态。同时考察了气泡的大小、上升速度、压力降随着表观气液速的变化规律。结果表明：(1)选用VOF数学模型,可以清晰准确的模拟出气液分布器的动态流动特性和气液分界面,可以指导气液分布器的优化设计;(2)气泡的上升速度随着表观气速和表观液速的增大而增大;气液分布器出口气泡的直径随着表观气速的增大而增大,随着表观液速的增大而减小;截面平均气含率随着表观气速的增大而增大,随着表观液速的增大而减小;气液分布器的压降则随着表观气速的增大而减小,随着表观液速的增加而增大;(3)相对于表观液速的变化,气液分布器对表观气速的变化敏感度更高,表观气速更影响分布器的工作负荷。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to