采场冲击气浪的灾害模拟

为了进一步研究采场顶板垮落冲击引起的暴风灾害,采用采场顶板动力冲击机理理论和数值模拟的方法,研究了暴风形成的机理.结果表明:项板大面积垮落时动力冲击和采场压缩空气冲击气浪灾害并存的数学模型是合理的:给出了运输平巷与回风平巷中形成暴风的流速的理论公式,以及处于暴风中的物体所受作用力的理论公式.该研究对井下预防顶板垮落冲击引起的暴风灾害具有一定的参考价值和指导意义.     

顶板受冲击垮落的理论分析及工程应用

针对神东煤炭公司大柳塔煤矿活井21303综采工作面,上层采空区顶板突然大规模垮落对下层顶板及支架的突然冲击问题,文章采用动量定理、动量矩定理、达朗伯原理推出了顶板垮落瞬间的运动量及顶板切顶垮落所需要的剪力值计算公式,用ANSYS LS—DYNA程序对顶板垮落过程进行了数值计算,得到了最大冲击力,在大柳塔煤矿活井21303综采工作面对顶板垮落特征进行了实际观测和理论成果验证。理论分析、数值计算及工程实测结果相辅相成。文章不但解决了大柳塔煤矿活井21303综采工作面,上层顶板突然大规模垮落对下层顶板及支架的突然冲击问题,而且对矿山开采过程中类似的问题提供了理论指导。同时给出了用ANSYS LS—DYNA程序计算冲击力的方法。     

活井旺采采空区飓风灾害的理论预测与防灾工程设计

依据活井21^上 303旺采工作面的布置与开采情况，参照1-2上煤层的顶板赋存结构条件，分析预测在1—2^上 煤层顶板在采空区整体切落时现有采空区飓风灾害的程度，并评价现场实施的防灾工程的安全程度，对今后的防灾工程决策具有重要意义。理论预测成果和评价设计方法在现场实际应用，效果良好，证明其科学可靠性。     

大采高工作面覆岩运动与煤壁片帮规律

为探究大采高工作面顶板运动规律及煤壁破坏机理,建立3种不同采高的UDEC数值模型,分析采高和支架护帮板位置对顶板垮落步距、形态及煤壁破坏深度的影响,建立煤壁滑移破坏力学模型。研究结果表明：初次来压步距受采高的影响较小,均为45 m,周期来压步距随着采高的增大而减小;大采高工作面由于垮落矸石无法充满采空区,顶板易形成悬臂梁结构;采高增大会增大煤壁片帮的风险。计算得出了大采高工作面煤壁能承受的最大顶板压力,给出了煤壁滑移破坏判据。通过建立不同护帮板位置的数值模型,确定了8.8 m大采高工作面的护帮板最佳支护位置。提出了增加护帮板水平推力和支护面积的煤壁控制方法,现场应用该方法使煤壁稳定性得到了有效提升。     

地面压裂坚硬顶板对矿山压力显现影响的实验研究

地面压裂是控制煤矿坚硬顶板减少矿山压力灾害的一种新方法。但该方法的有效性以及地面压裂形成的水压裂缝的产状对矿山压力显现的影响尚待进一步研究论证。通过物理相似模拟实验,在模型中坚硬顶板内分别不预制裂缝、预制水平裂缝和预制垂向裂缝并模拟煤层开采,研究了采动过程中顶板的周期垮落、坚硬顶板的破断和工作面的矿压响应。研究表明,随煤层开采覆岩呈 “ ”型垮落规律,即先垮落采空区上方A区域,然后沿工作面推进方向垮落与A临近的B区域,再垮落A、B上方的C区域,间隔一定周期B、C区域同时垮落;受水平裂缝影响,顶板周期垮落步距平均缩短23.08%;受垂向裂缝影响平均缩短19.23%;含水平裂缝和垂向裂缝的坚硬顶板均提前破断,平均破断步距缩短10.23%;工作面推进至裂缝影响区时,覆岩作用在开切眼煤壁附近的矿山压力和工作面超前支承压力降低,表明压裂坚硬顶板可降低工作面矿压。研究成果对于揭示覆岩垮落规律、地面压裂控制矿压显现规律和矿山压力灾害防治具有重要意义。     

坚硬顶板群下工作面强矿压显现机理与支护强度确定

采用理论分析、物理相似模拟与工程实践相结合的方法,对坚硬厚层顶板群结构的破断冲击效应进行了分析,得到了工作面采场冲击来压的主要影响因素、来压特征及工作面合理支护强度等.研究表明:多分层坚硬顶板群结构的破断冲击载荷在短时间内会产生剧烈的震荡;工作面来压特征受多分层顶板垮断的动、静载荷联合作用;采场冲击来压强度主要与顶板厚度、岩性及节理弱面有关,对于岩性相近的顶板岩层,厚度越大,对采场的矿压冲击影响也越剧烈,但厚层顶板垮断后的结构对其上覆顶板岩层的冲击载荷强度具有一定的缓冲.以大同矿区坚硬顶板群结构下的煤层开采为例,通过在综放工作面选择应用ZF15000/28/52型高强度支架,保证了首个关键层顶板破断前后的安全开采;同时,采取水压致裂辅助控制上部关键层顶板,有效减缓了工作面强矿压的显现.     

采空区上覆岩层诱发矿震及预测技术研究

基于大面积采空区垮落灾害案倒及文献资料,探讨了近年来出现的一种特殊矿山煤岩动力灾害现象：采空区顶板火面积垮落诱发矿震与气体动力灾害。论证了矿震发生前期的动力演变与时空尺度。应用能量转换与守恒理论,详尽地揭示了采空区矿震表征及动力灾害构成要素的时空关联尺度。针对矿震的发展及形成过程提出将声发射监测技术作为矿震预报的基础,并提出运用线定位法和任意平面三角形定位法对震源定位的基本原理。     

高瓦斯破碎围岩综放工作面顶板管理技术

为解决高瓦斯矿井破碎围岩综放工作面顶板支护困难的问题,本文采用理论分析和现场实践的方法,对工作面顶板垮落性进行研究,分析表明围岩破碎及采动影响是造成顶板大面积垮落、难以支护的主要原因,并提出了相应的治理措施,保证了矿井安全高效回采。     

地下采场破碎岩体稳定性评价与参数优化

以焦家金矿试验采场为工程依托,开展缓倾斜中厚破碎矿体采场稳定性分析.通过对焦家金矿-390m中段试验采场的工程地质调查、矿岩力学性质试验,获得了表征矿山岩体工程质量的多种指标;应用岩石质量Q分级和RMR分级系统,对试验采场岩体稳定性进行评价分析;基于修正的Mathews稳定图法和临界跨度设计法,对采场暴露面尺寸和最大跨度进行优化.分析认为,当回采进路跨度小于8m时即可保证采场的稳定性.将所得到的结果应用于现场工业试验,现场采用暴露面尺寸为75m×15m的进路进行回采,采用现场观测的手段进行回采过程的监测.结果表明,在回采过程中进路的顶板及围岩并未发生垮落及剥落现象,采场围岩稳定性良好.     

高位钻孔瓦斯抽放参数的确定

为防治煤矿瓦斯灾害和有效开采瓦斯资源,基于高位钻孔瓦斯抽放理论,在分析采空区顶板覆岩空间垮落规律及采动裂隙"0"形圈理论基础上,给出了钻孔有效高度范围的理论计算方法及钻孔沿倾向的布置范围,得出了钻场间距应小于实际施工的钻孔长度与钻孔重叠区之差的结论.在现场应用中取得了良好的技术与经济效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.