溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO_2凝胶的影响因素及方法改进

研究了溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2溶胶的胶凝过程,以钛酸丁酯为前驱物,无水乙醇为溶剂,分析了反应物滴加速率、溶胶液pH值、反应底物配比、反应温度、无机酸以及螯合剂的种类对凝胶形成时间的影响,得出了适宜的凝胶制备条件,并对制备稳定均一TiO2凝胶的方法进行了分析和改进.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米二氧化钛及其性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为先驱物,乙醇为溶剂,醋酸为螯合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备粉体纳米二氧化钛.综合考虑水,醋酸,乙醇,温度以及滴加方式对钛酸丁酯水解的影响,并结合纳米二氧化钛样品光催化试验、X射线衍射和透射电镜表征的结果,找出制备二氧化钛的最优配比和最佳条件.     

甲酰胺对TiO2气凝胶微观结构的影响

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,甲酰胺为干燥控制化学添加剂(DCCA),采用溶胶-凝胶法及溶剂置换等后续工艺,结合常压干燥法制备块状TiO2气凝胶,并研究甲酰胺对气凝胶微观结构的影响.采用BET,SEM,XRD及FT-IR等检测方法对样品结构性能进行表征.研究结果表明:采用甲酰胺作为干燥控制化学添加剂制备TiO2气凝胶,可缩短凝胶时间,减小表观密度,提高比表面积,防止凝胶开裂;当甲酰胺与钛酸丁酯的物质的量比为0.8时,制备的块体TiO2气凝胶微观结构最佳,该样品表观密度为0.18 g/cm3,比表面积为579.6 m2/g,平均孔径为19.4 nm,经850℃高温处理后表现出较好的热稳定性及光催化性能.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备二钛酸钡粉体

以钛酸丁酯和乙酸钡为前躯体原料,乙二醇甲醚和质量分数36％的乙酸为溶剂,冰醋酸为稳定剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法合成二钛酸钡( BaTi2 O5)粉体.制备凝胶的最佳工艺条件:混合溶液的pH=4,n(Ba(Ac)2):n(Ti(OC4 H9)4):n(CH3COOH):n(MOE)=1.00:2.00∶7.97∶21.17,保...     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/MCM-41负载型光催化剂及其性能表征

以钛酸丁酯为钛源、MCM-41分子筛为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/MCM-41负载型光催化剂,并通过XRD、BET、TEM、XPS对最佳条件下制备的光催化剂进行表征.结果表明,所制光催化剂是一种具有均匀规则孔道结构的介孔材料,其粉体比表面积高达358.8m2/g;经700℃煅烧,催化剂主要晶相为锐铁矿相.光催化...     

溶胶凝胶和超临界干燥法制备纳米TiO_2粉体

以钛酸丁酯 (Ti(OR) 4 )为原料 ,采用溶胶凝胶法及超临界流体干燥技术制备了纳米TiO2 粉体。采用正交设计法研究了操作条件对反应的影响 ,筛选出了最佳工艺条件。TEM检测表明 ,优化条件下制得的二氧化钛粉体粒径为 11～ 12 .3nm ,且随热处理温度的升高粒径变化不大 ,但团聚加重。XRD结果表明 ,当热处理温度为 5 0 0℃时晶粒为锐钛型 ;当煅烧温度为 80 0℃时晶粒转化为金红石型。BET结果表明 ,二氧化钛气凝胶颗粒的比表面积可高达5 5 6m2 /g ;但随煅烧温度的升高 ,比表面积下降迅速 ;在 5 0 0℃时 ,比表面积只有 94 .6m2 /g。     

固定化TiO2膜光催化降解苯酚

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2膜,并进行苯酚降解试验.结果表明,用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2膜的最佳条件为:试剂的体积配比V钛酸丁酯∶V无水乙醇:V蒸馏水:V浓盐酸=1∶4∶0.25∶0.25,涂层厚度5层,焙烧温度500℃,焙烧时间2h.在该条件下制备的TiO2膜具有较高的光催化活性.在30W紫外灯,苯酚的质量浓度为...     

壳聚糖改性TiO2光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究

摘要:以钛酸丁酯为前驱物,无水乙醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了壳聚糖(CTS)改性TiO2光催化剂.考察了不同反应条件对溶胶形成的影响及其对甲基橙的光催化作用.结果表明,当去离子水与钛酸丁酯体积比为0.57,乙醇与钛酸丁酯体积比为1.4,二乙醇胺与钛酸丁酯体积比为0.4,pH值根据需要取3～5,水解温度25～35℃,500℃灼烧两小时后CTS完全分解,得到了具有光催化活性且分散性较好的锐钛矿TiO2.光催化实验表明CTS改性TiO2的光催化效果较单纯TiO2的光催化效果有明显提高,60min后甲基橙浓度去除率由32％提高到48％,TOC去除率由14％提高到23％.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米二氧化钛

主要介绍了通过溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,讨论了加水量、加酸量、加醇量及溶液pH等因素对溶胶-凝胶法的影响,通过反复试验分析,得出各影响因素的最佳值.对制出的TiO2进行表征,得出在本实验条件下制出的TiO2为锐钛矿型,粒径小于20nm.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO_2凝胶的机理研究

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶法分别考察了在一定pH条件下制备纳米TiO2溶胶凝胶的原料选配、实验原理、工艺过程以及实验控制条件和实验参量等。实验主要考察了加水量与加水方式、乙醇的用量、溶液pH值的范围及水解温度等实验参量对凝胶形成时间的影响;同时考察了实验参量对溶胶凝胶均匀性、稳定性、透明性和凝胶形成机理的影响。依据实验结果,溶胶-凝胶法制备稳定的纳米TiO2溶胶的优化条件为:采用滴加的方式加入水,且将水与乙醇和pH值调节剂配成混合溶液;水与钛酸四丁酯的摩尔比取6~7;乙醇与钛酸四丁酯的摩尔比取27~28;pH值控制在3~4或8~9;水解的温度控制在20~30℃。     

Chitosan-pectin synergistic interaction and gelation

Mixed gels of chitosan-pectin were prepared by varying the ratio of constituents in the presence of NaCl. Mixed gel at 3% of total polysaccharide concentration with addtion of 12% NaCl showed a synergistic maximum when the ratio of chitosan to pectin was 60: 40. The effect of the polysaccharide concentration, the preparation temperature (T _p), the time of incubation, balk salt concentration, the molecular weight and the degree of deacetylation of chitosan on gelation have been studied. Interaction mechanism between molecules of both polysaccharides was investigated by FT-IR spectrometry. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29574173) Biography: He Dong-bao (1945-), male, Associate professor, research direction: natural polysaccharides.     

Synergistic interaction and gelation in cationic guar gum-sodium alginate system

The synergistic interaction between the cationic guar gum (the ammonium hydroxy-propyl-trimethyl chloride of guar gum) and sodium algirmte has been studied. The effects of the mass ratio of them, mixed temperature, balk salt ion concentration, incubation time and pH value on gelation were investigated. It has been observed that there was a gel strength maximum when the mass ratio was 0. 6, the mixed temperature was 70 ~C, the balk salt ion concentration was 1.0 mol ~ L-1 , the incubation time was 30 rain and the pH value was 8. Interaction between molecules of these two polysaccharides was investigated by FT-IR spectrometry.     

Preparation of dicholesteryl-derivatives: The effect of spatial configuration upon gelation

To investigate the effect of spatial configuration on the gelation properties of low molecular mass gelators(LMMGs),four novel di-cholesteryl derivatives have been specially designed and synthesized by introducing the cis-/trans-isomers of butene diacid and the optical isomers of D/L-phenylalanine into the linker between two cholesteryl moieties.These isomers have been denoted as MaDC,FaDC,MaLC and FaLC,respectively.The gelation properties of the compounds were examined in 26 organic solvents,and it was found that the trans-configuration is more favorable for the gelation,but the chirality of the linker shows little effect to the gelation.FaDC has the strongest gelation ability among the four isomers.Interestingly,FaDC and FaLC display phase-selective gelation of benzene,toluene and xylene from their mixtures with water at room temperature,which establishes a foundation for the purification of water contaminated by oil or aromatic solvents.SEM and CD spectroscopy studies revealed that the spatial configuration of the linkers of the gelators affects significantly the aggregation mode,the morphologies and the chirality of the network of the gels.Moreover,the different aggregation behaviors also have an impact on mechanical properties of the gels,which are consistent with the results from rheological studies.Furthermore,temperature-and concentration-dependent 1 H NMR and FTIR measurements demonstrated that intermolecular hydrogen bonding and-stacking are the main driving forces for the formation of the gels.     

联合不可逆聚集过程的渐近行为

用联合集过程的动力学方程，讨论了当核为Ｋｌ（ｉ１，ｉ２，…，ｉｌ）＝（ｉ１ｉ２，…，ｉｌ）其中Ｋｌ体的结核时，联合聚集过程的胶凝相变的判定和长胶凝点集团尺寸分布的渐近行为。     

在增溶剂存在下银──明胶光度法测定洗像废水中微量银

本文报道在ｐＨ为８的硼酸－硼酸钠的缓冲溶液中，以乙醇为增溶剂，抗坏血酸为还原剂，使银与明胶作用生成黄色络合物，用分光光度法测定银的方法．最大吸收波长为４２２ｎｍ，摩尔吸先系数为１６×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１．银在０．２～１２．５μｇ／ｍＬ范围内遵循比尔定律．此方法可用于环境水样和含银废水中微量银的测定．     

三聚氰胺树脂的凝胶化条件

以唐敖庆的同心环模型推导了羟甲基三聚氰胺的临界凝胶化条件。讨论了三聚氰胺树脂组分分布对凝胶点的影响及其凝胶化区域。以理论结果作为反应体系是否凝胶的判据,结果同实际情况符合。     

芘荧光探针跟踪纳米复合水凝胶的形成过程

采用阳离子型芘荧光探针芘甲胺基盐酸盐跟踪聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAm)/锂藻土Laponite原位聚合制备纳米复合水凝胶的过程.首先通过提高Laponite分散液的离子强度,采用离心分离和紫外-可见光吸收光谱验证了荧光探针在Laponite片层上的吸附;然后通过跟踪吸附荧光探针的激基缔合物的荧光光谱,发现反应液在聚合反应开始20min后出现的乳白色不透明现象与体系中形成的PNIPAm链的不均匀分布相关.聚合生成的高分子链吸附在Laponite片层周围,占据了片层上一定的空间,使得吸附在Laponite片层上的荧光分子被挤压而靠近,造成荧光激基缔合物的出现,因此可以通过荧光光谱变化来推测纳米复合(NC)凝胶聚合过程中透光率的变化及生成的聚合物链与交联剂Laponite之间的相互作用,这为深入认识NC凝胶的交联结构提供了一种实验方法.     

两亲性萘双酰亚胺的合成及其凝胶性能

以没食子酸和萘四酸酐为基本原料,通过三步反应,简单高效地合成了两个新的两亲性萘双酰亚胺类化合物(NDI-1和NDI-2).通过IR、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、HRMS对目标分子的结构进行了表征,并详细研究了它们在不同溶剂中的凝胶性能.结果表明:NDI-2是一种多功能凝胶因子,不仅可以在非极性溶剂(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)中,还可以在强极性溶剂(DMSO)以及含水溶剂(30%H_2O-THF)中以较低的临界成胶浓度(CGS,3.3～9.5 g/L)形成稳定凝胶.