纳米通道内石墨烯基传热的非平衡分子动力学研究

石墨烯具有高热导率的特点,在传热领域有较好的应用前景,石墨烯导热理论及其应用研究具有重要意义.文中利用分子动力学方法,研究了石墨烯在固液界面间的传热规律,并探究了不同壁面温度下,石墨烯传热层对固液界面热阻及流动特性的影响.结果表明,在静态流体中,单层石墨烯传热层会显著降低固液界面温度阶跃和界面热阻,壁面温度越高,石墨烯...     

膜状冷凝初期过程的分子动力学模拟研究

采用分子动力学模拟方法,对氩蒸气在铂金属表面发生的膜状冷凝过程进行了研究.为保证冷凝过程在相对较长时间范围内持续稳定进行,提出了一种改进的气态分子补充方法.通过逐时对系统内局部温度及密度进行统计,获得了不同时刻的参数分布.结果显示:在模拟时间范围内,液膜厚度近似线性增加,壁面附近液相分子受固壁势能作用而呈现出密度振荡的"液体层状化"分布;液膜内产生温度梯度,固液界面处温度跳跃现象明显.考察了气体温度以及壁面润湿性变化产生的影响,结果表明:随着气体温度的升高,温度梯度以及温度跳跃均增大;液相密度略有下降,液体内层状区域的密度振荡范围略有减小,气液界面厚度增加;质量流率以及液膜厚度增长速率也都增大,反映出更大的气固温差加快了冷凝过程的进行,这一点与宏观规律一致.随着润湿性增强,液膜厚度增长加快,液体层状区内的密度振荡范围增加,液膜内温度梯度增大,温度跳跃大幅减小,冷凝过程得到显著强化.显然,近壁面区内的热传导对整个冷凝过程进行的速度具有重要影响.     

超声界面波在充液双金属复合管道中的传播特性分析

随着管道运输行业的发展,复合管道越来越多地应用于机械、能源、化工等领域.利用超声界面波对复合管道的界面位置进行损伤探测成为机械装备超声无损检测研究的新方向.以充液金属复合管道为研究对象,采用多物理场有限元分析软件建立了充液复合管道的有限元模型,利用电信号激励超声界面波,分析了超声界面波在管道中的传播特性,并分析了不同液体对超声界面波的影响.结果表明:与空的复合管道相比,超声界面波在充液复合管道中的传播特性差别明显.在充液双金属复合管道中,超声界面波一部分来自初始激励,另一部分来自液体中激励的超声导波;随着传播的进行,初始激励的超声界面波迁移至固液界面处,形成固-液界面波,并逐渐泄漏至液体中;液体中的超声导波每经过一次管道壁面反射,在固液界面处形成一股新的固-液界面波,从而形成等间隔传播的固-液界面波群组.液体密度影响界面波的能量分布:液体密度越大,界面波能量越分散;液体的纵波波速影响固-液界面波的形成速度:纵波波速越快,固-液界面波形成越快.研究工作和分析结果可为管道损伤检测提供理论依据.     

纳米流道内液体特性的分子动力学研究

以非平衡分子动力学方法研究了纳米流道内液体的流动特性,重点探讨上壁面以不同剪切速度运动,下壁面保持静止且在其附近的温度保持相对稳定时,两壁面间液体分子的运动特性及作用机理.模拟获得了不同剪切速度下流体的速度分布、密度分布及温度分布,并分析了速度滑移率、密度分布和最高温度与剪切速度之间的关系.研究结果表明,随着剪切速度的增加,两固体壁面间液体靠近运动平板处的温度呈线性增加,在距离运动壁面0.8倍分子直径范围之内存在着明显的滑移现象,而在这个区域之外,液体分子的速度基本呈线性变化,纳米流道内液体分子密度的非均匀分布和有序化排列结构不受剪切速度的影响,平均剪切应力随着剪切速度的增加而不断增加.     

微纳米间隙受限液体边界滑移与表面润湿性试验

为了研究微纳米间隙下固液界面间流体的流动及输运特性,采用修饰的原子力显微镜针尖,针对微纳米间隙下受限液体的边界滑移现象选用不同润湿特性的固-液界面进行了试验.固体壁面样品采用Si(100)面和OTS自组装膜,试验液体采用去离子水和十六烷.结果表明,当微间隙临界尺度小于6.67×10-3时,边界滑移效应对流体动压力有重要作用;润湿性极好的表面也会产生边界滑移,对试验液体具有10 nm左右的滑移长度;润湿性差的光滑表面的边界滑移长度值明显大于润湿性好的表面.所得结果对于微流体输运与控制有重要的理论意义与实际价值.     

混凝土中氯离子扩散纳米通道紧缩性和曲折性影响的分子动力学模拟

结合宏观和微观模型研究了混凝土中纳米通道紧缩性和曲折性对氯离子扩散系数的影响.采用分子动力学方法模拟了氯离子在纳米通道中的输运过程,给出了紧缩性和曲折性影响输运过程的微观机理,结合宏观Fick定律统计分析了模拟结果,得出了紧缩性和曲折性对氯离子扩散系数的影响程度.结果表明,通道壁面结合氯离子影响孔隙液中的粒子分布,使得壁面附近形成吸附自由氯离子的正电层,降低了氯离子的扩散速度;结合氯离子浓度越大,氯离子扩散系数越小.同时,通道壁面原子作用势影响孔隙液中粒子的分布,在壁面附近形成有序的粒子层;通道宽度越大,氯离子扩散系数越大.曲折的通道会强制改变氯离子的输运方向,降低氯离子的扩散系数.     

气液固三相逆流湍动床流体动力学特性的三维数值模拟

基于多相流欧拉模型,应用计算流体动力学（CFD）软件Fluent 6.3,数值模拟了轻颗粒流、液体间歇方式进料的三维气液固逆流三相湍动床的流体动力学特性,考察了床内颗粒的轴径向速度和固含率分布规律。模拟发现：床内颗粒流化时存在颗粒的汇集行为;颗粒由床中心向壁面运动,中心附近颗粒径向速度大,壁面附近颗粒径向速度小;颗粒轴向速度分布不均匀,呈＂两头小中间大＂的趋势;固含率壁面附近高,中心附近低,并随轴向高度增加而减小;床内平均固含率随表观气速或液体黏度的增加而减小。     

致密油储层渗流新模型研究

研究致密油储层的渗流规律对致密油的有效开发具有基础指导意义。针对致密油储层,从固液相互作用机理出发对微纳孔隙中的流体进行黏性修正;在此基础上运用微元体法分析了微纳毛细管中考虑壁面固液相互作用的流体流动规律,并进一步提出了考虑固液相互作用的微纳孔隙储层渗流模型。研究结果表明:考虑微纳孔隙中固液相互作用时,微纳毛细管中的速度分布明显低于泊肃叶流,且管径越小,固液相互作用越大;与泊肃叶流的速度差越大。对于微纳孔隙储层,岩石的渗透能力较泊肃叶流流推导的渗流方程而言要小得多。     

非全周开口滑阀的节流温升与形变

联合采用FLUENT和ANSYS分析软件对具有典型节流槽的非全周开口滑阀的三维流场、液-固温度场和固体热变形进行数值计算.结果表明:非全周开口滑阀内部流体和固体内的温度分布不均匀,阀口流束在接近固体壁面的区域温度较高,流束中心部位温度较低,阀体和阀芯在阀口附近及流束冲击壁面有局部高温,由此导致的阀芯和阀体不均匀变形量可...     

平直纳米通道内液体流动规律的分子动力学研究

采用分子动力学方法模拟了液体氩在宽度为20．4原子直径的平直通道内的三维Poiseuille流动,对液体在纳米通道内流动的速度分布以及速度滑移进行了研究．结果表明：在壁面附近,牛顿流体的速度分布二阶导数与流体粒子数密度分布的大小有关;无论疏水或亲水表面,在捕捉和分析流场时的网格足够细、分辨率足够高的情况下,流体在壁面处的速度等于0;根据速度滑移的定义和相关计算方法,温度为119．8K、比容为0.73×10^-3m3／kg的液体氩流过疏水表面时滑移长度为1—2原子直径,流过亲水表面时滑移长度为-0．4--0．7原子直径．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-