桩身刚度对承载性能的影响分析

建立了超长单桩有限元分析模型,采用有限元方法分析了超长桩在不同刚度条件下桩顶位移与桩顶反力之间的关系,并分析桩侧摩阻力随深度的变化规律及单桩承载力情况.分析结果表明:增大桩身刚度能够使桩身下部侧摩阻力得到有效发挥,从而提高单桩承载能力.但在桩身刚度增大到一定程度时,继续增大桩身刚度对单桩承载能力的提高将趋于稳定.并提出了在条件允许时可通过提高桩身刚度改善桩的承载性能的工程建议.     

广东地区超长旋挖灌注桩桩端注浆试验

目的分析常规桩和注浆桩的荷载传递特性,对比常规桩和注浆桩在不同桩顶位移下承载力的提高幅度,提出了设计大直径超长单桩极限承载力的建议方法,并验证其适用性.方法通过广东某大桥大直径超长旋挖灌注桩桩端注浆现场试验得出荷载-沉降曲线,根据预埋的应力计测出桩身侧摩阻力值,通过计算得到桩身轴力、桩土相对位移以及桩端位移.结果注浆桩S2的桩端阻力比常规桩S1发挥较早,浆液技术更有利于侧阻和端阻的同步发挥;注浆桩总承载力、侧摩阻力和端阻力提高系数随桩顶位移呈先增大后减小趋势,总承载力和侧摩阻力的提高系数变化平稳,增加速率远远小于端阻力.结论桩端注浆不仅有利于端阻的发挥,还有效减小了桩顶沉降,从而提高单桩极限承载力;常规桩下部土层侧摩阻力和端阻力未达到极限,建议计算时乘以折减系数;桩端注浆桩桩端附近土层的侧摩阻力和桩端阻力均乘一定的增大系数.     

考虑桩自重及侧摩阻力影响的超长桩屈曲分析

同时考虑桩侧土抗力、桩侧摩阻力和桩身自重的影响,通过选择合适的桩身挠曲变形函数及桩侧土弹性抗力模式,基于最小势能原理,应用瑞利-里兹法求解超长桩的临界荷载,给出了超长桩屈曲荷载和计算长度的解析表达,最后分析了桩侧土抗力、桩侧摩阻力和桩身自重对超长桩屈曲荷载和计算长度的影响.研究结果表明:桩侧土抗力是影响超长桩屈曲荷载的主要因素,而桩侧摩阻力对超长桩屈曲荷载的影响甚微.当桩身埋置率较低时,桩身自重对超长桩屈曲荷载的影响不容忽视,但是随着埋置率的增加,桩身自重对超长桩屈曲荷载的影响逐渐降低.     

钻孔灌注桩荷载传递机理试验研究

通过桩基静载试验实测数据,分析了桩身轴力的荷载传递机理.结果表明:桩顶荷载主要通过桩侧摩阻力逐渐向下传递,具有明显的摩擦桩特点,桩侧摩阻力所占比重较大,而桩端阻力所占比重较小;桩底沉渣厚度显著影响桩顶沉降量与极限承载力.     

不同桩体材料超长单桩室内模型试验

对竖向荷载作用下的不同桩体材料超长单桩进行模型试验研究,分析其承载机理和变形特性,研究两种材料超长单桩的荷载-位移特性,桩侧摩阻力、桩端阻力的发挥性状,桩侧摩阻力和桩-土相对位移的关系以及桩身压缩量。结果表明,桩身材料的性质在很大程度上影响了超长单桩的承载和变形机理,超长单桩设计中应重视桩身材料的选择。     

挤扩支盘桩承载性状与沉降特征的试验

通过对支盘桩的静载荷试验和对桩身轴力的测试,分析了桩在竖向荷载作用下的荷载传递机理和沉降特性,测试了桩身侧摩阻力和承力盘的端承力分担荷载的比例.指出工作荷载下支盘分担的荷载比例高于60%;桩侧摩阻力充分发挥时桩顶的沉降约为0.6%d;支盘间距3.57d没有明显影响承载力的发挥.     

劲性搅拌桩的荷载传递规律

劲性搅拌桩是把芯桩在水泥土搅拌桩初凝前插入其中,形成复合受力桩的一种新桩型.采用堆载反力法,加载方式为慢速维持荷载法,对桩身埋设有应变片的劲性搅拌桩进行了现场载荷试验,旨在研究分析劲性搅拌桩在竖向荷载作用下的荷载-沉降曲线、轴力沿深度变化、各土层所能提供的侧摩阻力等特性,进而分析劲性搅拌桩的荷载传递性状和侧摩阻力的发挥性状,并提出该桩型单桩竖向极限承载力标准值的计算公式.研究结果表明:芯桩的置入提高了水泥土搅拌桩的桩身刚度和截面承载力,使极限状态下水泥土的侧摩阻力和桩身混凝土的材料强度得以充分发挥.劲性搅拌桩兼有水泥土搅拌桩和预制桩的优点,具有承载力高、沉降小、造价低和侧摩阻力大的优势,是软土地基中极具潜力的一种桩型.     

海上风力机大直径单桩数值模拟对比分析

利用有限元软件ABAQUS数值模拟,从节省材料用量的角度出发,通过增大桩径的同时减小桩身壁厚来保持桩身材料横截面积不变,来考察不同桩径下,桩身的应力应变的变化规律及荷载传递机理.得到分别在水平和竖向荷载作用下,桩径较大的桩虽然桩壁变薄,仍拥有较好的结构安全储备.再考察大直径单桩侧摩阻力随深度的变化规律,发现桩侧摩阻力随着桩径的增大而增大,表明当桩径足够大时,不能忽略桩径变化对桩侧摩阻力的影响.最后通过分析轴力与桩侧摩阻力之间的关系,得出短桩与中长桩具有不同的荷载传递机理.     

固结状态不同的饱和软土中桩基竖向循环承载特性

为了研究地基土在不同固结状态下竖向循环荷载对桩基承载力的影响,在三组不同固结围压、固结度的饱和软土单桩基础中,分别进行了初始静载和循环加载后静载两个独立试验,其中循环加载采用位移控制,依次施加四个递增振幅。通过数值模拟进一步分析桩基承载力的循环弱化规律。结果表明:当循环荷载大于桩周土硬化应力阈值时,桩土系统会发生强度弱化和刚度软化,桩基动刚度随着循环次数增加而减小。地基土固结围压、固结度的增加使桩周土硬化应力阈值提高,桩土系统抗弱能力提高。当循环荷载小于硬化应力阈值时,桩土系统强度弱化不明显,甚至发生刚度硬化,桩基动刚度随着循环次数增加而增大。地基土固结围压越大、固结度越高,桩基极限承载力越大,弱化后的桩基极限承载力也越大,相应的残余承载比越小。循环加载时,桩侧摩阻力和桩端阻力共同弱化,桩端阻力的弱化速率滞后于桩侧摩阻力,桩侧摩阻力的弱化是该桩基承载力弱化的主要原因。     

地基土沉降对复合地基工作性状的影响

采用数值分析方法,考虑桩-土-褥垫层的共同作用,对复合地基在地基土沉降前后的沉降、桩侧摩阻力和桩身轴向应力等工作性状进行了研究.结果表明:与常规条件下相比,在相同上部荷载作用下,地下水位下降使基础和桩顶的沉降增加,桩身轴向应力增大,桩-土应力比提高,上部荷载的增大会加剧这些现象.随着降水造成的地基土沉降增加,加固桩体中负摩阻力的影响逐渐增大,中性点位置下移,负摩阻力引起的下拉力增大,桩侧摩阻力发挥更加充分.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.