金纳米粒子的制备与表征

以4.5 G PAMAM(4.5代聚酰胺-胺型)树状大分子为保护剂,利用微波法还原HAuCl4溶液制备金纳米粒子。考察了在同一照射条件下,4.5 G PAMAM与HAuCl4不同物质的量比对金纳米粒子大小及形状的影响。利用紫外可见分光光度计、透射电子显微镜以及X射线衍射分析对其进行了表征。结果表明,照射时间相同时,以30 s为例,当4.5 G PAMAM与HAuCl4物质的量比为5时,得到的金纳米粒子最小;随着4.5 G PAMAM与HAuCl4物质的量比值的减小,金纳米粒子变大,且发生了不同程度的聚集。     

壳聚糖修饰的金纳米复合粒子的制备与表征

用半胱氨酸做稳定剂,壳聚糖做修饰剂,通过NaBH4还原HAuCl4制备了稳定的金/壳聚糖复合纳米粒子(Au/CS),并研究了反应物配比对金纳米粒子性能的影响.通过紫外-可见、红外、X射线衍射及透射电镜对其结构进行了表征.结果表明,当反应物选择合适的配比时可以合成性能良好的金纳米粒子.     

以PS-P2VP嵌段共聚物为模板获得金-氧化铁复合纳米粒子有序排列

采用具有两亲性的嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-b-聚二乙烯基吡啶嵌段物(PS-P2VP),与无机前躯体FeCl3和HAuCl4.xH2O在选择性溶剂甲苯中自组装,得到以P2VP/FeCl3/HAuCl4为核、PS为壳的球形胶束;硅片上的胶束经磞氢化钠水溶液还原后用紫外灯降解除去PS-P2VP后得到复合粒子。经场发射扫描电镜、扫描探针显微镜、X射线光电子能谱分析仪等表征及检测,结果表明:在2.2 keV和6.4 keV处分别检测出金和铁元素的信号峰,得到有序排列的金-氧化铁复合纳米粒子。     

以三苯基膦为保护剂制备纳米金溶胶

以三苯基膦(PPh3)为保护剂,采用水相化学还原法制备了纳米金溶胶.利用紫外可见分光光度计和透射电子显微镜对纳米金颗粒的尺寸及形貌进行表征.讨论了还原剂种类与用量、保护剂用量与加入方式、金粒子浓度、溶液pH值等因素对纳米金颗粒粒径、形貌和分散性的影响.结果表明:采用硼氢化钠为还原剂时,PPh3与金质量比为0.02∶1,溶液pH值为7,制得纳米金粒子平均粒径为4~5nm.采用柠檬酸钠为还原剂时,PPh3与金质量比为0.04∶1,柠檬酸钠与金质量比为10∶1,溶液pH=3~4,制得金粒子平均粒径为13~15nm.采用草酸为还原剂时,PPh3与金质量比为0.08∶1,草酸与金质量比为3∶1,金前驱液pH值为6,制得金粒子平均粒径为23~25nm.加入保护剂后,粒子的分散性增强,形状不规则粒子增多.     

基于侧柏叶水提液还原法的纳米金颗粒粒径的调控

以侧柏叶(Cacumen platycladi)水提液还原氯金酸(HAuCl4)制备了纳米金颗粒,应用紫外-可见吸收光谱、透射电镜、X射线粉末衍射等手段对所得纳米金颗粒进行了表征,通过简单地改变侧柏叶水提液加入量对纳米金颗粒的粒径进行调控研究.结果发现:在90℃下,固定HAuCl4的浓度(0.5mmol/L),随着侧柏叶水提液加入量(0.5~20mL)的增加,所得纳米金颗粒的平均粒径(84.9~15.6nm)明显减小,且粒径分布逐渐变窄,形貌也更加均一,说明通过改变侧柏叶水提液用量,可有效地调控纳米金颗粒的粒径.通过测定侧柏叶水提液还原HAuCl4前后总糖、还原糖、蛋白质、黄酮等主要成分的浓度和抗氧化能力,证明了侧柏叶水提液中对HAuCl4溶液起还原作用的主要活性成分是还原糖类和黄酮类物质,对纳米金颗粒起保护作用的主要成分是主要糖类、黄酮类、蛋白质等.     

纳米金的合成与表征

采用单宁酸—柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸法合成了纳米金,采用紫外-可见分光光度计和透射电子显微镜对纳米金的紫外吸收特性、粒径及形貌进行了表征.结果表明:加入柠檬酸钠溶液4 mL和单宁酸溶液0.1 mL时制得的纳米金紫外吸收特性最佳;在此条件下制得的纳米金形貌均一、分散性好、稳定性佳且平均粒径为15~20nm.     

高效双功能Au@SH/SO_3H-MSiO_2-S催化剂的制备及其性能研究

在模板剂P123的作用下,通过共聚法将巯基硅烷与2-二(三甲氧基硅)乙烷共聚得到巯基功能化的短孔道有序介孔材料SH-MSiO_2-S.利用载体中的巯基与HAuCl4原位发生氧化还原反应获得短孔道有序介孔双功能催化剂Au@SH/SO_3H-MSiO_2-S.该催化剂中的金纳米粒子粒径较小,且高度分散在介孔材料上.由于磺酸基和金纳米粒子的协同作用,其在水介质的三乙基硅烷氧化反应中表现出较好的催化活性.     

浓Fe(OH)3凝胶水热合成α-Fe2O3纳米粒子

研究了以Fe(NO3)3为原料加NH3.H2O中和得到的Fe(OH)3浓凝胶作前驱物,水热合成α-Fe2O3纳米粒子时,前驱物pH值对产物形貌的控制作用.当pH值为3、5时,粒子形貌为近球形多孔结构;当pH值为7时,为菱形粒子;当pH值为9时,粒子形貌由菱形向球形转变.在上述条件下得到的产物为粒径小且分布均匀的单晶粒子.此外,还分析了前驱物pH值对产物形貌及大小的控制作用原理.     

Au—聚丙烯酰胺纳米复合物紫外辐照法的制备及表征

在紫外辐照法制备Au-聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）纳米复合物过程中,HAuCl4的光还原和丙烯酰胺（AM）单体的聚合反应同步进行,使得生成的胶态Au纳米粒子均匀分散在聚丙烯酰胺基质中。实验发现金纳米的生成过程可促进AM聚合反应的进行,而PAM的生成则可有效地阻止初始形成的Au纳米粒子发生团聚,从而控制纳米复合物中Au纳米粒子粒径明显小于同样条件下没有AM存在时得到的Au纳米粒子粒径。进一步实验还表明,在紫外辐照法制备Au-PAM纳米复合物过程中的Au纳米粒子形成较快,且粒径大小不随紫外辐照时间而发生变化,仅受HAuCl4初始浓度的影响。该方法可广泛应用于各类金属－有机聚合物纳米复合材料的制备。     

阴离子聚电解质保护的金纳米粒子的制备及表征

采用NaBH4作为还原剂还原HAuCl4的方法,将阴离子聚电解质即聚丙烯酸(PAA)作为保护剂,成功制备了稳定性非常好的小粒径金纳米粒子．分别采用紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪(UV-vis-NIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、光电子能谱仪(XPS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和电化学等实验方法对所制备样品进行表征．实验结果表明,合成体系的pH和所用阴离子聚电解质聚合物链的空间位阻对金纳米粒子的稳定性起着非常重要的作用．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-