基于资源约束的十堰市郧阳区城市开发边界划定研究

以十堰市郧阳区为研究对象,借助层析分析法、综合适宜性评价模型、水资源承载力模型等先后进行建设用地适宜性评价、水资源承载力测算,进而预测中心城区建设用地规模,划定研究区的刚性开发边界和2030年弹性开发边界.结果显示,研究区建设用地高度适宜区面积为412.16 km²,占总面积的10.82%;2030年,中心城区水资源可承载最大人口规模为29.42万人,建设用地需求量为19.29 km²;研究划定刚性开发边界外(禁止建设区)面积为1 575.20 km²,2030年弹性开发边界内总面积为19.29 km²,其中新增城市建设用地规模为2.12 km².本文中综合考虑土地条件、资源承载力以及城市扩张的内在需求,探索县级城市开发边界的划定方法,提出城市扩展的最佳方向和合理规模,为引导十堰市郧阳区城市空间有序扩展提供理论依据.     

社区生活圈视角下城市公园绿地暴露水平测度

【目的】社区生活圈是居民日常生活接触最密切的空间单元。评估生活圈内公园绿地的暴露水平，能够精准刻画居民与公共绿色资源日常交互场景，识别公园绿地服务盲点。【方法】选取南京市中心城区为实证案例，首先通过Isochrone应用程序编程接口(API)计算居住小区15 min步行等时圈，以此作为社区生活圈的划定依据；其次构建了一个涵盖数量、面积、距离和质量的系统性暴露水平测度体系来评估圈内公园绿地暴露度；最后，采用区位熵指数和Getis-Ord G_i^*指数分析公园绿地暴露度和人口之间的供需空间匹配度，以及公园绿地暴露冷点-热点居住小区的空间聚类分布。【结果】(1)南京城区居住小区的公园绿地暴露度存在空间分布不均衡性，城区内近一半的居住小区分布在公园绿地暴露的盲点(20.12%)和冷点(25.63%)区域；(2)区位熵指数表明研究区域内公园绿地暴露度与人口之间的空间匹配度失衡；(3)公园绿地暴露度呈现了显著的“圈层”结构聚类状态。【结论】研究成果可为细化城市绿地系统规划、促进公园绿地科学合理的配置提供理论和实践支撑。     

基于POI数据的社区生活圈体育服务设施空间分异

基于兴趣点(POI)数据与ArcGIS软件方法,划定福建省5 336个社区生活圈公里格网,构建社区生活圈体育服务设施分类指标体系,测算分析区域与市域的社区生活圈体育服务设施空间分异。结果表明：闽东北匹配协同程度总体高于闽西南,福州市和厦门市分别贡献主要力量;两大协同发展区内部呈现多组团、高值集聚、低值分散的状态;闽东北高值聚类多于低值聚类;社区生活圈体育服务设施均等化水平为闽东北>闽西南,并可按照厦门-莆田-福州、漳州-泉州-南平、龙岩-宁德-三明划分出高、中、低三个等级。     

基于网格尺度和BP神经网络模型的“双评价”研究——以濮阳市为例

以河南省濮阳市为研究对象，根据土地利用数据、自然环境与社会经济统计数据，基于网格尺度，结合单要素评价和集成评价，采用BP神经网络模型进行资源环境承载能力和国土空间开发适宜性评价.研究结果表明：(1)利用单要素评价与集成评价相结合，引入BP神经网络模型在双评价中是适合的，评价结果可信度较高.(2)生态保护高等级地区主要集中在黄河沿线；农业生产适宜区面积为2 764.60 km²,占全域面积比重64.73%,在清丰县和南乐县分布较多，2035年濮阳市农业生产可承载规模为400.22～412.54万亩；城镇建设适宜区面积为500.20 km²,占全域总面积比重的11.71%,主要分布在华龙区、濮阳县城、清丰县城、南乐县城建成区及周边区域，2035年濮阳市可承载的城镇建设规模为465.26～639.73 km².     

站点密度对复杂地形PRISM月降雨空间插值精度的影响

【目的】利用降雨和高程与坡向等地形因子之间关系,分析站点密度对于坡面回归方程模型(PRISM)插值精度的影响,探究该模型的适用范围。【方法】以北京西北山区为例,基于研究区数字高程模型(DEM)、山地自动气象站点数据和降雨数据计算插值结果,采用反距离加权法(IDW)、克里金法(Kriging)和样条函数法(Spline)等插值方法,以及交叉验证和实测数据验证等方法进行数据对比,分析站点密度对插值结果的影响。【结果】当站点密度从0.55×10^-2个/km²降低到0.18×10^-2个/km²时,各种插值方法的插值精度均随站点密度的减少而降低,PRISM模型的变化程度最大,Spline的变化程度最小; 同时当站点密度逐渐降低至0.18×10^-2个/km²时,PRISM模型的插值误差超越Kriging和IDW,但仍在Spline之上。【结论】当站点密度较低时,PRISM模型优势不明显,建议使用IDW和Kriging。     

基于多源LBS数据的职住平衡对比研究 ——以北京城区为例

采用多源LBS数据(热力图数据、POI数据、微博签到数据), 对北京城区职住关系进行测定和分析, 从不同角度测度北京城区职住关系的时间和空间特征, 研究结果可为改善城市职住关系提供决策参考。比较了LBS数据同传统人口和经济普查数据所测度的职住关系结果的差异性, 讨论差异产生原因, 为更好地利用LBS数据进行职住关系研究提供建议。     

城中村对深圳市职住空间融合的影响—— 基于手机信令数据的研究

以深圳为例, 基于手机信令数据识别居民通勤距离, 通过多元线性回归和空间滞后模型, 以交通分析小区(TAZ)为分析单元, 从中观层面分析城中村对居民通勤距离的影响机制。结果表明: 城中村的存在有利于促进大城市职住空间融合, 这与城中村规模大、分布散和租期灵活等因素有关; 土地利用混合度高、建成环境多样和可达性高等建成环境因素会在不同程度上降低小区居民平均通勤距离; 居住地社会经济环境好会提升居民平均通勤距离。     

都市圈分层空间结构的交通网络密度发展规律

“十四五”时期，我国已进入城镇化发展新阶段，培育现代化都市圈是推动城市群发展的重要手段。区域交通网络中的快速交通系统如高速公路和高速铁路是都市圈形成和发展的先导条件，其引发的区域非均质时空收敛效应，深刻地影响都市圈的发展空间格局，因此都市圈空间组织关系与不同交通网络层级的交互性关系亟需审视。为探究都市圈不同圈层因人口聚集与经济发展具有错位性而引起的高速公路网和铁路网密度空间差异性发展规律，本文以长三角城市群5个都市圈为例，选取区县为空间单元，基于多源数据构建城市关联强度模型，运用多维标度分析和空间距离要素识别都市圈的不同圈层边界，包括核心圈、紧密圈和规划范围边界。通过不同空间圈层的人口密度、人均产出、地均产出、高速公路网密度和铁路网密度5个主要指标挖掘社会经济发展与交通网络密度的关联规律。结果显示：都市圈各圈层存在人口聚集、经济发展不平衡的态势，“人口密度-地均产出”和“地均产出-人均产出”发展曲线分别为“S型”和“对数型”；人口密度、地均产出与高速公路网密度呈现“对数型”曲线发展规律，现状铁路网密度曲线发展规律与高速公路有较大差异；在人口密度、地均产出大于600人/km^2<...     

金沙江下游梯级水库消落带空间分布特征

金沙江下游干流乌东德、白鹤滩、溪洛渡、向家坝4大梯级电站建成蓄水运行，在库区形成大面积水库消落带(Water Level Fluctuating Zone,WLFZ)，明确该消落带空间分布特征对库区生态环境保护和水库安全运行具有重要意义.以金沙江下游4个梯级水库消落带为研究对象，基于12.5 m的AlosDEM数据，利用ArcGIS软件的水文和空间分析功能，结合野外详查，对4个库区不同县域、高程、坡度和干支流的消落带总面积进行综合分析.结果表明：(1)四大梯级水库消落带总表面积231.02 km²，投影面积为202.88 km²，其中干流表面积142.12 km²，支流表面积88.90 km²；白鹤滩、溪洛渡、乌东德和向家坝4个库区消落带表面积分别为96.62、65.60、56.29 km²和12.51 km²；(2)消落带的分布共涉及云南省和四川省7个州(市)、22个县(区)，其中巧家县消落带面积占比最大；(3)在海拔梯度上，乌东德水库消落带表面积呈现随...     

基于微博的西安市居民周末活动空间研究

从时空间行为研究的新视角透视人类活动与城市空间的关系,基于西安市2015年7月到12月居民微博签到数据,采用标准置信椭圆与叠置分析对居民周末活动空间进行测度。结果发现:西安市居民周末活动空间以明城墙区域为核心区并呈东北—西南方向分布,覆盖钟楼、小寨、高新等主要商圈;活动点以长安路沿线为最集中区域,日均活动范围为40.34km2,日均出行距离为12.24km,同时个体间出行活动空间差异较大。研究表明,城市空间的迅速扩张及交通设施的快速发展使得城市居民的活动空间表现出新的特征,周末作为居民日常休闲娱乐的主要活动时段与周内上班、上学通勤活动有着明显差异。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to