基于SEM和模糊综合评价法的装配式建筑施工安全风险评价

为了更精确地评价装配式建筑施工安全风险,考虑到装配式建筑的施工特点,以人员、材料及设备、技术、管理和环境5个方面为视角,构建装配式建筑施工安全风险评价指标体系.采用结构方程模型(struc-tural equation model,SEM)确定各变量的路径系数,计算指标权重,并结合模糊综合评价法确定装配式建筑的施工安全风险等级.实证研究结果表明:所研究项目的 施工安全风险等级较高,评价结果与项目实际情况相符.所建模型能较好地确定评价指标权重,量化指标间的相互影响,使评价结果更加精确合理,为装配式建筑施工安全风险评价提供了新的有效方法.     

装配式建筑施工安全与风险管理研究综述

针对装配式建筑可能发生的施工安全事故问题,基于我国装配式建筑施工风险分类,对国内外装配式建筑施工安全与风险管理研究现状进行分类总结,对装配式建筑施工安全与风险管理体系提出了设想。结果表明:主要从建立静-动态结合的安全风险管理系统、建立完善的施工安全标准体系两个方面控制装配式建筑施工风险。通过本文的研究,能够为今后分析装配式建筑安全与风险提供一种改进的控制方法,为以后理论研究提供参考。     

基于组合赋权法与集对分析的装配式建筑施工安全风险评价

针对装配式建筑施工工艺复杂、施工阶段风险概率高、传统的风险评估方法不能预测其发展态势等问题,综合考虑人为因素、设备与材料、施工技术、安全监督与管理以及周边环境共5个影响因素,通过确定拟评价样本的隶属函数,采用层次分析法和熵权法的主客观组合赋权方法计算安全风险评价指标权重,建立基于同异反分析的安全风险评价模型,对装配式建筑施工安全风险进行评价,并利用集对理论分析评价指标的四阶发展趋势。研究结果表明:案例中的装配式建筑施工项目安全风险评价等级为中等风险,与调研结果相吻合;评价方法能真实可靠反映装配式建筑施工安全风险评价过程中的模糊性和随机性,提高了装配式建筑施工安全风险评价的精度;该综合评价模型不仅能够对装配式建筑施工安全风险等级进行判定,还能准确预测风险变化的趋势,实现静态评价和动态评价的有效结合。     

基于DEMATEL和TOPSIS的装配式建筑项目施工风险评价

装配式建筑项目施工过程与传统建筑项目相比具有更多、更复杂的潜在风险.为此,提出了一种基于熵权DEMATEL和TOPSIS模型的装配式建筑项目施工风险评价方法.通过文献分析和4M1E分析对风险因素进行识别,从人员风险、机具风险、物料风险、技术风险、环境风险和管理风险等6个方面建立风险因素清单;运用DEMATEL模型求解风险因素的中心度和原因度,从而确定风险因素的权重,兼顾了因素之间的影响关系及相互作用机理;根据TOPSIS模型的运行原理对装配式建筑进行风险评价并确定风险等级.针对3个具体的项目案例展开评价,验证了本文方法的科学性.     

基于SEM和Multi-agent,仿真的装配式建筑设计变更风险管理

设计变更是影响装配式建筑项目绩效与安全的重要风险因素. 预制构件供应链有多个利益相关者参与, 系统复杂多变, 各参与方信息集成难度大, 使得项目难以实现系统有效的设计变更风险管控. 在归纳设计变更风险和风险诱发因素的基础上, 提出结构方程模型,(structural equation model, SEM),与,Multi-agent,仿真模型相结合的研究方法, 根据风险诱发因素识别提出管理策略, 结合项目实际模拟管理策略运行效果, 从而实现对设计变更风险的有效管控. 基于上海市南翔镇的装配式建筑项目建立本体实例库, 对结构方程模型实证分析提出的管理策略进行,Multi-agent,仿真模拟, 评估管理策略对项目成本和时间绩效的影响, 验证了模型的可行性和有效性.     

基于COWA-灰色定权聚类的装配式建筑绿色施工水平综合评价

以装配式建筑绿色施工过程为研究对象，从能源与资源利用、生态环境、安全防护、绿色管理、施工技术5个维度构建指标评价体系。提出基于COWA-灰色定权聚类的装配式建筑绿色施工水平综合测评模型，将该模型应用于兰州新区某装配式项目具体施工过程，通过计算综合评价值确定该项目绿色施工水平为良好，评价结果和实际施工情况基本相符，可为类似项目绿色施工提供思路和参考。     

装配式建筑项目实施阶段质量风险评估研究

装配式建筑在我国发展迅速,但是在项目实施过程中存在质量风险因素,需要对综合质量风险进行评估。首先本文立足于项目实施阶段,基于设计采购施工（Engineering Procurement Construction, EPC）总承包商视角建立装配式建筑项目质量风险评估指标体系;然后将三角模糊数引入层次分析法确定指标权重,根据综合风险评价值到各风险等级的距离确定项目的综合风险程度;最后结合某项目进行实例分析,评价结果为风险低,与实际情况相符合,对装配式建筑项目实施阶段质量风险管理有一定指导意义。     

装配式混凝土结构施工风险管控机制

通过实地调研与会议座谈,对装配式混凝土结构的施工安全风险进行识别,并运用贝叶斯网络对其进行定量评价.研究结果发现,构件吊装时失稳发生的概率最高,其次是预制构件堆放时的倾倒,发生概率最低的是吊装时构件剧烈晃动.针对装配式混凝土的施工安全问题,分别从微观的施工现场、项目设计与施工协同角度和宏观产业发展环境角度提出具体的风险管控措施,构建了多角度、多阶段的施工风险综合防控机制,为装配式混凝土结构的施工安全管理提供了参考与借鉴.     

建筑幕墙施工安全之我见

本文通过对建筑幕墙施工的特点分析认为,建筑幕墙是高科技产品,其技术复杂程度较高,影响建筑幕墙施工安全的因素众多,施工安全风险较大。为了保证建筑幕墙的施工安全,必须采取有效的安全技术措施和管理措施,把风险降低到最低程度。要把科学安全管理同经济管理、行政管理等有机地结合起来,从而保障建筑幕墙的施工安全。     

基于AHP—熵权法下的装配式建筑项目绿色施工评价研究

装配式绿色施工评价是一项多目标且复杂的问题.为了量化装配式绿色施工,及时发现薄弱环节,针对此研究目的,首先从资源节约与利用、环境保护、技术措施、管理水平四个方面构建装配式建筑绿色施工评价指标体系,并进一步细分成18个二级指标.其次采用AHP主观赋权和熵权法客观赋权的组合赋权方法计算指标权重,并运用模糊综合评价法对项目进行等级判断.最后以青岛市某项目为例对模型的科学合理性进行验证,结果证明基于现实条件对装配式绿色施工进行评价研究有重要意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-