泡沫混凝土路基地质雷达信号分析研究

泡沫混凝土路基质量的控制对于整个道路的使用安全具有重要意义,因此对泡沫混凝土路基的质量进行有效评估至关重要.将地质雷达应用于泡沫混凝土路基检测中,开展了泡沫混凝土路基地质雷达现场测试,并运用GRESWIN2.0软件处理地质雷达获得的信号,得出泡沫混凝土地质雷达典型图像、频谱特征图、单道波形图等特征图像;结合希尔伯特(Hilbert)变换对雷达非平稳信号进行处理分析,提取出瞬时振幅和瞬时频率的典型特征图,结合工程施工设计分析泡沫混凝土路基各层的厚度、分界面存在的位置、钢筋网片的存在位置以及可能存在的沉降.通过多手段后续处理,提高了对泡沫混凝土地质雷达图像解读的精确性,为后续的相关工程提供参考依据.     

探地雷达在检测道路路基病害中的应用

社会经济和物流业的快速发展对道路路基抗病害能力提出了更高要求。探地雷达技术利用测线剖面图和单道波形图,对道路路基开挖引起的路基病害产生机理进行分析,总结归纳出土体脱空、疏松和滑移等典型地基病害的图像特征,为准确探明路基病害的位置和严重程度,解决道路路基病害问题提供了技术支持。     

泡沫混凝土路基病害地质雷达正演模拟研究

尝试将地质雷达运用于浙江某大桥工程泡沫混凝土路基质量测试,获得了泡沫混凝土雷达图像信号,并对其信号特征进行了分析,得到了泡沫混凝土路基结构情况;建立了理想条件下泡沫混凝土路基结构模型,采用基于时域有限差分法(FDTD)的GPRMax程序,通过MATLAB编程对泡沫混凝土路基疏松、脱空、分层等病害进行地质雷达正演模拟,得出路基病害在雷达图像上的典型特征信号;同时分析病害形状、大小对信号的影响以及之间的定量关系.本研究成果有助于对泡沫混凝土实测雷达图像的解读,为地质雷达在泡沫混凝土路基病害测试应用提供参考.     

地质雷达检测基坑开挖引起的地基病害

作为一种新兴的地球物理勘探方法,地质雷达在岩土工程中的应用日趋广泛.结合工程实例,开展了地质雷达检测基坑开挖引起的地基病害的应用研究.根据现场检测得到的雷达测线剖面图和单道波形图,对基坑开挖引起的土体疏松和脱空等典型地基病害进行了图像解释,并采用现场静力触探试验进行了对比验证.结果表明,地质雷达具有快速确定地基病害位置的能力,是一种较为理想的检测基坑开挖引起的地基病害的有效手段.     

基于GPR的城市道路地下病害差值检测方法研究

地下工程施工对道路路基破坏产生的地下空洞等病害是导致城市道路路面坍塌事故频发的主要原因,探地雷达(GPR)以其无损、快捷以及浅层高分辨率的优势被广泛应用于道路地下病害检测中。针对目前GPR技术在地下病害一次性检测中存在的环境干扰严重和检测精度低的问题,提出了一种基于差值检测的道路地下病害检测方法。首先通过差值检测算法对配准后的不同时相雷达图像进行差值处理,识别出变化区域即病害可能出现区域,然后利用改进的核匹配追踪算法,识别并提取道路病害特征。根据回波波组形态、振幅和相位特性、吸收衰减特性等方面特征,初步建立地下病害属性划分标准,进而将不同种类病害分级以指导施工修复。对北京四环路部分路段进行应用实验,结果表明:该检测方法有效提高道路地下病害的检测精度至80%。该方法可实现道路病害检测由一次性检测技术向周期性监测技术的转换,为保障城市道路和地下管线安全提供有效的技术支撑。     

基于GPRSIM的道路地下病害体探地雷达正演模拟研究

探地雷达因其便捷、高效、无损的优势目前被广泛应用于道路地下病害体探测任务中,但雷达图像识别又缺少统一的解释标准,所以亟需为病害体探测提供判别依据。因GPRSIM探地雷达正演软件可自定义模型形状、天线频率大小及正演速度快等优点,所以研究基于GPRSIM设计了不同填充类型、形状、规模、埋深、天线中心频率的道路路基空洞病害模型进行正演模拟研究,并分析总结病害雷达特征。其结果对雷达图像的解译具有重要的指导作用,同时,也为病害体识别提供了客观的理论依据。     

隧道衬砌雷达测试三维信息构建研究

隧道衬砌的质量对于隧道的安全使用和运营至关重要,因此开展隧道衬砌质量评估具有重要意义。地质雷达(GPR)技术作为新的无损测试技术,能够实现对隧道衬砌质量进行无损监控。由于隧道环境复杂,地质雷达图像存在多解性,本文尝试采用希尔伯特(Hilbert)变换数据处理方法对地质雷达非平稳信号进行分析,提取隧道衬砌结构特征参数,构建隧道衬砌雷达测试三维信息图,绘制出瞬时振幅图、瞬时频率图和瞬时相位图,根据所构建的三维信息特征,结合隧道设计方案和工程地质报告,重点分析了隧道衬砌结构空间分布位置,可能存在的空洞区域,钢构架的空间特征等。研究结果表明,地质雷达测试可以准确的分辨出钢架的空间位置,通过二次数据处理方法,获得衬砌的三维信息,增加了地质雷达图像解读准确性。本文研究成果可为类似隧道衬砌工程提供参考借鉴。     

基于级联卷积神经网络的公路路基病害识别

针对当前公路路基病害识别中探地雷达(GPR)技术的数据分析还依赖于人工识别,识别效率低、准确性差问题,建立了级联卷积神经网络来实现自动识别探地雷达图像所反映路基病害的任务。级联卷积神经网络系统由2个卷积神经网络组成,分别用于识别低分辨率和高分辨率探地雷达图像。神经网络的建立包括训练、验证和测试3个步骤。通过训练和测试的结果验证了级联卷积神经网络系统的稳定性,并将级联卷积神经网络和Sobel边缘检测,K值聚类分析进行比较,以论证其优越性。结果表明:级联卷积神经网络在路基病害分类训练中的识别准确率为97.46%,验证中的识别准确率为95.80%,其识别路基病害的精度较高;级联卷积神经网络对发射频率300、500、900 MHz的图像分类准确率分别为94.20%、93.89%、94.57%,对不同公路结构的图像分类准确率分别为94.80%、94.78%、94.28%、94.21%,可见级联卷积神经网络的识别准确性不受雷达发射频率和路面结构的影响;当图像分辨率较低时,Sobel边缘检测和K值聚类分析无法准确提取路基病害几何特征信息,级联卷积神经网络可通过分类器2准确识别;当图像分辨率较高时,Sobel边缘检测和K值聚类分析仅能提取路基病害的部分特征,后续病害类型的识别需要人工完成。可见级联卷积神经网络较其他算法在路基病害识别方面更准确、高效。     

论铁路路基翻浆冒泥病害与发生机理

根据研究地质雷达图像的判释方法,在完成的沪宁线和东陇海线大量地质雷达探测的结果上提出翻冒通道的概念,揭示翻浆冒泥病害沿路基深度方向和线路纵向的分布特征,提出根据一段线路翻冒通道的发育和分布型式确定其翻浆冒泥病害分类的方法,应用该方法给出了沪宁线18段共4000多m长的翻浆冒泥和下沉外挤病害线路的地质雷达检测结果,为整治设计提供了依据.图3,表1,参6.     

路基检测图像方向性增强算法

针对传统离散小波变换图像分解不能完全解读探地雷达图像中路基脱空和裂隙的缺陷,采用基于映射的二维离散小波变换增强路基检测图像方向性的方法,实现了对探地雷达路基检测图像的6个方位的分解.试验结果表明,采用这种小波变换技术处理探地雷达图像数据,具有良好的方向增强性、平移近似不变性和明显的相位信息,提高了路基检测成像的精度,更容易发现路基检测中的脱空和裂隙.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to