电解电容器使用支链多元羧酸铵盐电解液的研究

研制了电解电容器工作电解液中主溶质支链羧酸铵盐,并探讨支链羧酸铵盐与直链羧酸铵盐性能的差异.分别以两种羧酸铵盐为主溶质配制两组工作电解液,在相同条件下做对比实验得出:支链羧酸铵盐比直链羧酸铵盐达到闪火的时间短7 s,电导率大260 μs·m-1,闪火电压高8 V.用以上两组工作电解液装配铝电解电容器,并进行装灯应用试验,经125℃,2 500 h后直链羧酸铵盐组电容器△C:-8.4%,△tgδ:1 647%,而支链羧酸铵盐组电容器△C:-2.2%,△tgδ:165%,表明用支链羧酸铵盐的电容器性能优于用直链羧酸铵盐的电容器.     

以二元酸为扩链剂进行的聚醚改性研究

以己二酸和癸二酸做扩链剂对 DA系列聚醚进行了扩链改性 .通过对反应程度的测定 ,获得了扩链产物的相对分子质量 ,并用渤海油田稠油对其破乳性能进行了评价 .研究表明 :随着扩链反应时间的增加 ,产物相对分子质量随之增大 ,但是破乳效果随反应时间的增加呈先增大后减少的趋势 .以 DA- 1 0与己二酸进行扩链的产物破乳效果最佳者的相对分子质量为 1万左右 .研究还发现 ,以癸二酸为扩链剂的改性产物其破乳效果总体上比用己二酸改性的要好 .     

棉纤维/季铵盐接枝共聚物的合成及抗菌性能研究

采用硝酸铈铵为引发剂,在棉纤维表面引发甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)接枝聚合,并使接枝的DMAEMA季铵化,以赋予棉纤维良好的抗菌性能。实验对影响DMAEMA接枝率的关键因素进行了细致研究,发现,当φ(DMAEMA)为10%,引发剂浓度为20 mmol/L,pH为1～1.5时,在45℃反应5 h后,得到较好的接枝效果。同时发现,溶剂类型对棉纤维/DMAEMA接枝共聚物的季铵化反应影响很大,丙酮对季铵化最为有利。接枝率的提高可加强棉纤维/季铵盐接枝共聚物的抗菌性能;与单独采用溴代正丁烷为季铵化试剂相比,先后采用溴代正丁烷和溴代十二烷作为季铵化试剂,所得材料的抗菌性能更为优良,说明长链季铵盐聚合物与短链季铵盐聚合物间存在协同抗菌作用。     

磷酸电解液中TiO2纳米管的形貌及光吸收性能研究

采用阳极氧化法在磷酸电解液中制备TiO2纳米管,通过SEM 和UV-VIS-DRS表征分析,研究阳极氧化电压、氧化时间、煅烧温度、电解液组成等制备条件对 T iO2纳米管形貌和光吸收性能的影响．结果表明,在H3 PO4电解液体系中,阳极氧化法制备 T iO2纳米管的最佳条件为：阳极氧化电压20V ,阳极氧化时间60min ,V（H3 PO4）∶V（NH4 F）＝1∶1,煅烧温度为500℃．此时纳米管管径80～100nm ,在可见区有较强的吸收且吸收边界红移．     

电压对TiO2纳米管阵列形貌及光电性能的影响

文章以电化学阳极氧化法在氟化铵、甘油电解液中制备了TiO2纳米管阵列,利用扫描电子显微镜观察了不同电压条件下制备样品的形貌。根据I-t曲线、I-V曲线及SEM图像讨论了TiO2纳米管阵列的生长进程和形成过程,并研究了样品的光电性能。结果表明:电压从25V升至55V时,管径、管长分别从40、2 000nm增至100、3 200nm;电压0.2V时,初始氧化层形成;电压升至1.4V,氧化层被击穿;氧化层的形成与场致溶解的相互影响导致在电压2～4V附近电流的起伏;电压大于5V时纳米管开始形成;25V与45V电压下制备的样品具有较好的光吸收和光电性能。     

一种具有潜在的电致发光性能的苝酰亚胺衍生物的合成及其薄膜的电化学制备

以3,4,9,10-苝四酸二酐为原料,合成了苝酰亚胺衍生物—N,N’-二异辛基1,7-(对叔丁基苯氧基)-3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酰亚胺(PITD),利用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR),核磁共振氢谱(H1NMR)表征了中间产物及目标产物的化学结构。通过PITD在二氯甲烷稀溶液和滴膜的紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱的分析,证明PITD是一种具有电致发光性能的化合物,然后通过水合肼的作用将PITD制成用于电沉积制膜的电解液,利用XRD和SEM研究了电沉积法制备PITD薄膜的结构及形貌。     

一类双季铵盐化合物的合成及其应用研究

对以胺甲基化、酯化、季铵化路线合成不同碳链双季铵盐的方法进行了试验研究,分析了合成条件对反应产物产率的影响,并以该化合物作为浮选剂对胜利油田污水进行了除油浮选试验。结果表明,这种浮选剂碳链越长,除油效率越高。当用剂量为1～3ppm时,可获得满意的除油效果。同时与美国FR-3251样品作了比较。     

改进的固相法制备电解质锂盐LiBOB及其纯度测定

用改进的固相法合成一种新型电解质锂盐——双乙二酸硼酸锂(LiBOB):首先将脱去结晶水的H2C2O4与LiOH·H2O研磨混匀,在60℃预热2h后分批加入H3BO3,然后,于真空条件下在70℃和100℃分别保温6h和3h,得到LiBOB粗产品。对LiBOB粗产品用重蒸乙腈进行2次纯化,分别对2次提纯后的LiBOB样品纯度进行测定。用经2次提纯后的LiBOB配制成0.7mol/LLiBOB-PC/EMC/DMC(V(LiBOB):V(EMC):V(DMC)=1:1:1)电解液,并在-40.0～60.0℃对其电导率进行测定。用该电解液体系组装电池,进一步测定电池的循环性能。研究结果表明:1次纯化后的样品纯度≥98.1%,2次纯化后的样品纯度≥99.6%;LiBOB所配制的电解液在较宽温度范围内的电导率较高,说明所制LiBOB已达到用作电池电解质锂盐的标准。     

pH值对聚苯胺的结构和导电性能的影响

基于酸浓度对苯胺聚合具有较大的影响,采用化学氧化法,在不同pH值条件下制备了聚苯胺,利用FT-IR、UV-Vis、XRD对产物的光学吸收、凝聚态结构进行研究,并测定了样品的电导率.结果表明,当pH≥3时有偶氮链生成,并随pH值增大偶氮链增多;苯胺聚合生成具有良好结晶性的低聚物,且随pH值增大,低聚物的电导率急剧降低.当pH≤3时苯胺主要以首-尾连接方式聚合;随着pH值由2减小到0时,所获得的聚苯胺的紫外吸收光谱发生显著红移,其凝聚态结构由一种结构向另一种结构转化;只有当pH≤1时才能合成电导率较高的聚苯胺;当pH值由4减小到0时,聚苯胺的电导率增加了9个数量级.     

络合剂存在下UO_2~(2 )和~ 离子交换动力学的研究

采用浅床法测定了在络合酸的存在下 UO2 2 和H 离子在树脂相的互扩散系数 D .考察了洗脱液的 p H值、二元络合酸的种类和碳链的长度对 D的影响 .结果表明 ,络合酸的存在可显著提高 D值 ,其中溴代丁二酸的存在可使 D值增大 3.5倍     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.