双高斯空心光束的传输特性分析

对双高斯空心光束经非线性介质后传输和直接经自由空间传输的两种方式分别进行了数值模拟,研究了双高斯空心光束在两种介质中的传输特性.研究结果表明,双高斯空心光束具有稳定的近场传输特性,而在远场光束中心暗斑将消失,此时轴上的光强变为最大,且在中心边缘出现衍射环;同时在远场,经非线性介质后传输比直接在自由空间中传输的轴上光强增加更快.     

异常空心光束在梯度折射率介质中的传输特性

基于柯林斯积分公式导出了异常空心光束在梯度折射率介质中的传输公式,给出了二阶矩定义下的光束宽度解析表达式.通过数值计算研究了异常空心光束在梯度折射率介质中及穿过介质后传输的强度分布和束宽变化的特性.结果表明,梯度折射率介质中的轴上光强分布、归一化的光强分布、光束剖面形状和光束宽度随着传输距离和梯度折射率系数变化呈周期性的变化,且梯度折射率系数越大,其变化速率越快.     

高斯-谢尔模型光束通过非线性介质后的光强分布

根据高斯-谢尔模型光束在自由空间中传输的特性,研究它在穿过非线性介质后的衍射光强.数值模拟表明,穿过非线性介质后,高斯-谢尔光束的光强变化受到光束的相干度和通过非线性介质后产生的附加相移的共同影响.对应于同样的部分相干光,相同的条件下大的附加相移能够增强相干度对光强的影响,使光强曲线发生明显的波动;对应于确定的附加相移,相干度大的光束光强曲线变化更为明显.随着传输距离的增大,不同附加相移的光束光强大小发生变动,附加相移最小的光束光强最后将大于附加相移最大的光束光强.     

双半高斯空心光束的传输特性及其形成研究

提出了一种新型的空心光束一双半高斯空心光束．建立了双半高斯空心光束在自由空间的传输模型,模拟得到了不同传输距离处的光场分布,即在近场开始为三维势阱分布,当传输到一定距离时,双半高斯空心光束演化成了实心高斯光束,呈现出“自聚焦”特性．实验上设计出分光对偶反射式光学系统,获得了双半高斯空心光束．通过对不同距离处垂轴截面光环的光强分布进行测试,结果表明与双半高斯空心光束传输模型基本相符．     

锥状双半高斯空心光束退衍射远场传输特性研究

利用柯林斯公式条件下的传输模型研究了处于锥状发射状态的双半高斯空心光束的远场传输特性, 由于该种空心光束具有一定的锥角, 起到了补偿衍射的作用, 使得空心光束的内径随着传输距离的增加而近似按几何光学传输规律增大, 表现出了退衍射传输现象. 为此, 研究了在非柯林斯公式条件下锥状双半高斯空心光束的远场光强分布, 结果表明可以利用该条件下传输模型来表征锥状双半高斯空心光束的远场传输特性. 在实验上, 利用分光对偶反射光学系统获得了锥状双半高斯空心光束, 并测量了该种空心光束在不同传输距离处的内径, 所测得的数据与非柯林斯公式条件下的传输模型相吻合.     

二维矩形阵列非傍轴离轴高斯光束的合成研究

基于瑞利-索末菲衍射积分公式,推导出非傍轴离轴高斯光束相干合成和非相干合成光束在自由空间中传输的解析公式.用所得结果对非傍轴高斯光束相干合成和非相干合成进行了研究,得到了非傍轴公式在傍轴条件下,能回归到傍轴理论所得结果.远场近似、傍轴离轴高斯光束的相干合成与非相干合成光束传输公式可作为特例给出.数值计算表明,合成光束的光强分布与合成方式(相干合成和非相干合成)、光束束宽w0(或等效于f参数)、光束束数M(N)、离轴参数a(b)以及传输距离z有关.在远场,对于相干合成,M×N束非傍轴高斯光束的合成光束的轴上光强是单束非傍轴高斯光束的轴上光强的M2N2倍;对于非相干合成,M×N束非傍轴高斯光束的合成光束的轴上光强是单束非傍轴高斯光束的轴上光强的MN倍.     

超短洛仑兹脉冲光束的远场频谱特性

研究了超短洛仑兹脉冲光束的远场频谱特性,给出了频率域中超短洛仑兹脉冲光束在自由空间传输的解析表达式,数值模拟了超短洛仑兹脉冲光束在不同传输距离处轴上和离轴的功率谱及在远场时不同衍射角的功率谱.结果表明,在远场衍射角不为0时,超短洛仑兹脉冲光束的光谱有红移现象,并且衍射角越大,红移量越大.     

非傍轴部分相干厄米-余弦-高斯光束远场传输特性

为了研究非傍轴部分相干厄米-余弦-高斯光束远场传输特性,从非傍轴部分相干厄米-余弦-高斯光束概念出发,运用Wigner分布函数,对非傍轴部分相干厄米-余弦-高斯光束远场特性进行了理论分析,得出了一阶情况下的解析传输公式及光强分布表达式,根据仿真结果分析出表达式中3个主要参数f、fσ、g对厄米-余弦-高斯光束在自由空间传输的影响,在调制参数g一定时,束腰参数f和相干参数fσ对非傍轴部分相干厄米-余弦-高斯光束的非傍轴性起了至关重要的作用;非傍轴部分相干厄米-余弦-高斯光束在传输过程中当g不变时,其远场发散角的渐进值也会因fσ的增大而减小.     

理想轴棱锥与圆顶轴棱锥对无衍射光束的聚焦特性

分析圆顶轴棱锥与理想轴棱锥对Bessel光束的聚焦特性.基于广义的惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分理论推导出Bessel光经过理想轴棱锥和圆顶轴棱锥后的光强表达式,并对理想轴棱锥与圆顶轴棱锥聚焦的Bessel光束的传输特性进行描述,数值模拟不同截面下的光强分布图和径向光强分布图.研究结果表明:圆顶轴棱锥和理想轴棱锥都可以产生周期性的局域空心光束(Bottle beam),但是相比于理想轴棱锥,圆顶轴棱锥所产生的Bottle beam周期较短,并且中心光强较强,暗斑尺寸较小.     

空心光束在损耗和增益介质中的传输特性

从复数波数定义和广义惠更斯-菲涅尔积分出发,推导出空心光束在介质中通过旁轴ABCD光学系统后的一般传输公式。在此基础上,结合光强二阶矩方法,给出了相应的一般束宽变换公式。通过数值分析研究了介质传输场中强度分布和均方根束宽的变化特点。研究结果表明,空心光束在增益或者损耗介质中传输时,当其为增益(损耗)介质时,会增强(衰减)光束的强度;但对均方根束宽却没有太大的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-