小金县阿龚坪滑坡成因机制及稳定性分析

阿龚坪滑坡是滑坡堆积体在土体内部滑动的小型牵引式土质滑坡。前缘修筑公路开挖坡脚形成临空面,在强降雨的诱发作用下,滑坡前缘首先发生表层滑塌,前缘推移,致使后缘产生拉张下错变形,严重威胁坡脚居民的生命财产安全。根据已有变形破坏特征,对该滑坡的成因机制及稳定性进行了分析,并据此提出"滑坡底部及中部公路内侧抗滑桩+滑塌区坡面格构护坡"的治理措施。     

南部县杨家沟滑坡成因机制及稳定性分析

杨家沟滑坡是崩滑堆积体沿基覆界面滑动的小型土质滑坡,其运动形式为牵引式滑坡。在强降雨的诱发作用下,滑坡前部首先产生强烈变形并滑动,致使滑坡后部因失去支撑而开始缓慢变形,严重威胁坡脚居民和潆盘公路过往行人车辆的生命财产安全。根据该滑坡的变形破坏特征,对其成因机制及稳定性进行分析,在此基础上提出"桩板墙+地表截排水+裂缝夯填"的综合治理措施。     

水平软弱夹层黄土滑坡形成机制及启动角度

人工坡脚开挖引发不少滑坡地质灾害,当含有水平软弱夹层时将会进一步加快坡体失稳.为了研究具有此类地层结构黄土边坡在坡脚开挖后变形破坏形成机制和失稳破坏启动角度,以山西省吕梁市临县"5·3"大型黄土滑坡为研究对象,采用现场调查、理论分析和数值模拟等手段展开研究.研究结果表明,实际滑坡主要由坡脚工程开挖导致关键阻滑块体缺失所...     

三峡库区兰陵溪滑坡形成机理及稳定分析

兰陵溪锚地是三峡坝上供载运易燃易爆危险货物船舶停泊的锚地之一,地处兰陵溪滑坡影响范围内,为评估滑坡对锚地的安全风险,对其进行致灾机理研究十分必要.本文利用滑坡变形监测数据、降雨量及库水位变化数据,运用Geo-Studio软件及MatDEM离散元软件,模拟分析了降雨及库水位下降不同工况对滑坡的影响,探讨了滑坡致灾机理及其稳定性.结果表明：该滑坡的破坏始发于坡脚,属于推移式滑坡,但随坡脚进一步破坏,带动滑坡坡体中、上部位产生变形,逐渐向牵引式滑坡转变.在不同降雨工况下,滑坡后缘都是受影响较大区域;而坡脚的变形破坏主要由库水位下降引起;中后段错动形成的多级平台及后缘张拉裂缝则与降雨和库水位密切相关.研究结论可为该滑坡的预报、预测提供参考,具有实际工程意义.     

花岗岩残积层滑坡形成机理降雨模拟研究

花岗岩残积土是一种特殊土,在强降雨条件下极易诱发地质灾害。以广东省龙川县贝岭地区群发性滑坡为背景,采用物理模拟手段探究了典型滑坡的形成机理,获得如下结论：①滑坡发生的影响因素为降雨强度、岩土体物理力学性质、斜坡结构;②降雨并未引起坡体内部土压力及孔隙水压力数值出现异常增减,说明坡体破坏仅限与坡表及坡脚局部的破坏,未有整体变形破坏趋势;③斜坡变形破坏在坡表表现为降雨造成的坡面侵蚀,坡脚表现为临空面的垮塌及潜蚀现象,总体上表现出“逐级后退、依次破坏”破坏特征;④滑坡的演化过程可划分为以下4个阶段：原始斜坡演化阶段、土壤颗粒运移阶段、坡表局部破坏阶段、整体失稳阶段。     

降雨作用下的土质边坡变形破坏颗粒流仿真模拟

为研究持续降雨作用下土质边坡的变形破坏模式及机理,以四川省古蔺县竹林沟滑坡为例,结合离散元PFC~(2D)虚拟双轴压缩试验对坡体微观力学参数进行标定,随后建立1∶1数值计算模型进行稳定性计算,并记录坡体运动过程中应力及位移变化的情况。研究结果表明:该滑坡在持续降雨作用下至坡内土体饱和的过程中,坡脚应力不断积累,导致坡脚发生破坏,之后向上逐级牵引,致使坡前基岩较陡区域土体优先发生滑动。中-后缘土体因前部失稳产生临空条件,随即出现二级滑动,整体表现为典型的蠕滑-拉裂破坏模式。坡体前缘破坏后应力得到部分释放,但位移不断增长;坡内应力和位移整体上从前缘到后缘均呈递减趋势。应用颗粒流PFC~(2D)以竹林沟滑坡为例对土质滑坡在持续降雨作用下的变形发展过程进行模拟研究,揭示了滑坡的发展及破坏模式,为该类滑坡的防治提供参考。     

基于PFC2D的柿子树坪滑坡变形特征模拟研究

柿子树坪滑坡近年来受雨季持续性降雨以及当地基础建设的影响,发生了多次小规模滑塌,目前滑坡威胁范围包括：村民33户156人,通村公路约320m。通过现场调查以及勘探结果,分析导致该滑坡发生变形的因素。根据不同工况下的滑坡稳定性的计算结果,借助PFC^2D软件对该滑坡的破坏过程以及变形特征进行模拟分析。结果表明,该滑坡在土体饱和状态下,首先发生蠕滑变形,并因自重作用的影响使得变形量的逐渐增加,坡脚处应力持续积累,最先出现剪出破坏,并不断向后发展,导致整体滑动,表现出典型的牵引式破坏。并在运动过程中呈现出前缘沿接触面发生滑移、坡顶出现张拉裂缝、中部锁固段剪断的阶段性变形特征。此研究结果与现场勘察结果相吻合,可为该滑坡的防治提供参考。     

基于颗粒流方法的滑坡破坏机理与强度分析

滑坡变形破坏机理与强度研究是滑坡风险评估的一项关键内容。针对颗粒流方法在滑坡变形破坏力学机理分析及滑坡强度定量化研究中存在的问题,以府谷县新府山滑坡为研究对象,采用野外调查、勘察、室内实验等方法,对新府山滑坡的工程地质特征进行了分析,在此基础上基于PFC2D数值方法构建了滑坡颗粒流数值模型,模拟了滑坡从变形失稳到运动终止的动态过程,从变形特征和力学特征2方面分别论述了滑坡的变形破坏机理,并选择速度、动能、冲击力指标对滑坡冲击破坏强度的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,新府山滑坡的变形破坏机理表现为坡脚挤压—坡中牵引—坡顶拉张的力学过程;滑坡运动特征表现为破坏的突发性与堆积的缓慢性;以速度、动能指标为表征的滑坡强度在其破坏的初始阶段最高,然后逐渐变小;以冲击力指标为表征的滑坡强度随坡脚距的增加而呈指数衰减特征。研究结果与滑坡变形破坏实际特征基本吻合,研究结论可为新府山滑坡防治提供参考,研究方法可为单体滑坡冲击破坏强度定量及对承灾体易损性定量评价研究提供借鉴。     

重庆黔江汽车东站滑坡稳定性影响因子敏感性分析及防治措施

重庆黔江汽车东站滑坡是前缘人工开完及后期降雨综合作用下发生滑移变形的典型.通过滑坡特征、形成机制及影响因素敏感性系数分析:坡脚开挖为滑坡滑动提供了临空条件;降雨等地下水渗透是滑坡变形破坏的激发因素;影响因素(ψ)的敏感性系数明显大于C的敏感性系数.在此基础上对滑坡采取抗滑桩支护及地表截、排水措施综合治理措施.     

甘肃陇南泻流坡滑坡-碎屑流变形特征与成因机制

泻流坡滑坡位于武都区白龙江右岸滑坡聚集区,属典型滑坡-碎屑流灾害,2020年8—10月高位滑源区发生持续变形破坏,严重威胁坡脚居民生命财产安全。通过详细的地质调查,综合运用位移监测、无人机航拍等手段,详细阐述了滑坡发育特征及变形破坏过程,并对其成因机制进行了分析。滑源区特殊的地形地貌、"碎石土+千枚岩"的二元结构、逆冲断裂的影响是滑坡形成的控制因素,多次地震为滑坡变形提供了结构基础,降雨入渗造成滑带软化、滑体自重增大等导致滑坡变形破坏。变形区主要为滑源区左侧中下部和右侧次级滑坡,经历两次加速变形过程,位移监测曲线呈阶跃型,属蠕滑-拉裂型推移式滑坡。滑坡处于蠕滑状态,亟须开展综合工程治理。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to