电化学刻蚀及类金刚石薄膜对2024铝合金疏水性能影响

材料表面的疏水性决定了其耐蚀及防污性能.采用电化学刻蚀技术在2024铝合金表面制备具有微-纳米尺寸的粗糙结构,再利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术在其表面制备类金刚石薄膜,采用半球法计算刻蚀及镀膜后的接触角,利用扫描电镜观察刻蚀后的表面形貌,研究刻蚀电流密度及刻蚀时间对薄膜疏水性能的影响机制.结果表明,电化学刻蚀能够明显改善2024铝合金的表面疏水性.本实验范围内,刻蚀时间为100 s且电流密度为2.6 A/cm2时,试样表面微/纳浮突结构相对均匀,疏水性能较高;镀DLC膜后,表面自由能为32.32 mN/m,仅为基体的一半;低自由能进一步提高铝合金表面疏水性能.     

化学刻蚀法制备铝合金基超疏水表面

采用简单化学刻蚀法对铝合金基体进行腐蚀,得到了粗糙表面.然后对铝合金粗糙表面进行氟化处理,得到了具有超疏水的表面.研究了不同刻蚀时间以及不同刻蚀液浓度对表面疏水效果的影响.结果发现:在实验的参数条件下,不同刻蚀时间下,接触角随着氢氟酸刻蚀时间的增加,先增加后减少,当氢氟酸刻蚀时间为7 min时,所得试件水的接触角最大.不同刻蚀液浓度下,接触角随着盐酸浓度的增加,先增加后减少.当盐酸浓度为4 mol/L时,所得试件水的接触角最大.     

射频等离子体聚合多层复合薄膜的制备及性能

采用等离子体聚合方法,分别以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、正硅酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯为原料制备了3种聚合物薄膜,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、紫外可见光谱(UV-vis)和接触角(ContactAngle)等方法研究了不同条件下所得的聚合物薄膜的表面形貌、表面粗糙度、光学透明性及疏水性等性能.研究结果表明:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯薄膜具有最好的可见光透过率和最佳的表面粗糙度(RMS).聚正硅酸乙酯薄膜的表面粗糙度随射频功率变化不大.聚甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯薄膜在低功率下有较低的表面粗糙度,但随着入射功率的增加,等离子体刻蚀作用使得表面粗糙度增加.SEM照片表明聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯薄膜表面平坦致密无针孔.静态接触角测试结果表明三种聚合物薄膜都有较好的疏水性能,以聚甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯薄膜的疏水性能最佳.利用等离子连续聚合的方法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯薄膜/聚正硅酸乙酯/聚甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯3层复合薄膜,并对复合膜的性能进行了表征.     

氧化还原法刻蚀制备铜基超疏水表面

通过三氯化铁和铜的氧化还原反应,在铜基材料上制备了具有一定粗糙度的微结构表面。该表面使用月桂酸进行表面处理后,表现出优异的超疏水性能。水在该表面上的接触角可达161.6°。表面微结构和超疏水性能受刻蚀时间的影响较大。随着刻蚀时间的增加,表面上的微粗糙结构开始逐渐形成并增大,此过程对应的水的接触角不断增加,到一定程度后,逐渐趋于稳定。进一步考察了刻蚀剂的浓度、修饰剂的种类、浓度和时间等条件对于该表面超疏水性能的影响。结果表明,反应和修饰条件对铜表面的表面润湿性能具有明显的影响。     

B10白铜表面超疏水膜的制备及其耐腐蚀性能研究

以B10白铜为基底,采用刻蚀、煅烧和表面改性的方法制备了超疏水膜,采用K100-MK2型张力仪测量超疏水膜的接触角,采用扫描电子显微镜观察超疏水膜的表面形貌,采用电化学工作站测试超疏水膜在3.5% NaCl（%表示质量分数）水溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,刻蚀、煅烧后的B10白铜样品分别在溶液A中改性5 min、在溶液B中改性12 h后,得到的两种超疏水膜的接触角可分别达到153.2°和151.5°。将两种超疏水膜分别在3.5% NaCl水溶液中腐蚀10 d后,与裸B10白铜相比,仍表现出较好的耐腐蚀持久性。该方法为制备具有抗腐蚀和自清洁性能的超疏水表面提供了一条有效途径,可用于金属材料的表面改性。     

H62黄铜疏水表面的制备及疏水机理研究

采用三氯化铁和盐酸溶液刻蚀H62黄铜表面,得到了一层由梯田状台阶结构及平均孔径为(6.2-8.3) μm的蚀坑组成的阶层结构.该表面与水滴的表观接触角最大为131.8(°),接触角滞后为5.6(°).研究了不同刻蚀时间对表面疏水性的影响,结果表明刻蚀时间对表面阶层结构的形成和水滴在该表面的接触角有重要的影响.随着刻蚀时间的增加,表面逐渐形成台阶结构并且边缘趋于规整,接触角不断增大;当台阶结构消失时,接触角随之变小.初步分析了这种阶层结构的形成机制,用Wenzel理论、Cassie理论及有限液-固界面理论对表面的润湿性进行了分析.结果表明,有限液-固界面理论在表征粗糙表面润湿性方面更具有合理性.     

聚焦离子束刻蚀多晶TiNi薄膜的表面形貌

报道了TiNi薄膜的聚焦离子束刻蚀特征及刻蚀后的表面形貌．测量结果表明薄膜的表面粗糙度随刻蚀深度呈非线性变化,当刻蚀深度等于0．1μm时,表面粗糙度为最小（5．26nm,刻蚀前为14．88nm）;刻蚀深度小于0．1μm时,表面粗糙度随刻蚀深度的增大而减小;当刻蚀深度大于0．1μm时表面粗糙度随刻蚀深度增大而增大,其原因是刻蚀深度大于0．1μm后表面出现了清晰的周期性条纹结构．此外,表面粗糙度随聚焦离子束流的增大而减小,当离子束流为2．5nA时,表面粗糙度从刻蚀前的14．88nm减小到4．67nm．     

异丙醇溶液对单晶硅太阳能电池表面织构化的影响

对晶向为(100)的p型单晶硅片进行表面刻蚀,制作减反射绒面.在质量分数为3%的氢氧化钠溶液中分别加入不同质量分数的异丙醇溶液,在温度为80℃、时间为40 min的条件下对单晶硅片进行刻蚀.实验结果显示,加入质量分数为8%的异丙醇溶液刻蚀的硅片表面形貌最好,在波长为700～900nm范围内能够获得较低的反射率,最佳反射率为10.42%.保持实验条件不变,在氢氧化钠-异丙醇混合液中分别加入不同质量分数的碳酸钠溶液,对单晶硅片进行刻蚀.实验结果显示,加入质量分数为0.5%的碳酸钠溶液对制作绒面的反射率影响不大,加入质量分数为0.3%的碳酸钠溶液使制作绒面的反射率大大提高,不利于制作绒面的形成.     

铜箔薄上超疏水的制备及表征

采用硝酸银和铜片置换反应对铜基底进行了沉积,得到树突状的粗糙表面.然后用十二烷基硫醇降低其表面能,得到了稳定的超疏水表面.研究了硝酸银的浓度、浸泡时间对表面形貌的影响.结果表明,硝酸银的浓度为10mM、浸泡时间为20min时,形成均匀浓密3D的树突状粗糙表面,接触角高达157°.     

DBD-PECVD法制备高疏水性氟碳聚合物(a-C:F)薄膜的研究

以C4F8为放电气体,利用介质阻挡放电化学气相沉积(DBD-PECVD)法制备了氟碳聚合物(a-C:F)薄膜.使用FTIR、AFM、接触角测量仪、台阶仪对a-C:F薄膜进行了表征,研究了放电压力及沉积时间对a-C:F薄膜的沉积速率、均方根表面粗糙度(RMS)和a-C:F薄膜疏水性的影响.实验结果表明,薄膜的沉积速率随放电压力的升高而增大,最大值为193 nm·min-1;当放电压力较低时,薄膜的RMS值小于1.0 nm;放电压力较高时,薄膜的RMS值大于100 nm.无论是改变放电压力还是沉积时间,a-C:F薄膜均表现出很强的疏水特性,最大接触角(以普通滤纸为基底)可达137°.a-C:F薄膜的表面粗糙度是影响a-C:F薄膜疏水性的重要因素.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to