二阶微小项声波动方程的同伦分析近似解

由于声波在大气中的传播复杂性,数值模拟方法被广泛采用,但其不能给出解析解的表达式,且其精度有限.文章利用同伦分析方法求解二阶微小项声波动方程的近似解,该方程可以描述声波在大气中传播时的衰减和非线性效应.首先,引入包含衰减项的初始近似解,利用同伦分析方法迭代公式求得一次、二次近似解以及三阶近似解;之后利用Monin-Obukhov相似理论得到的多云、有风的夜晚天气条件下的声速剖面、风速剖面、温度剖面,并对近似解进行了空间数值模拟.结果表明,由于非线性和衰减效应,近似解波形发生了畸变,且声压随着传播距离的增加而减小,因此对研究大气中的声波传播特性具有重要意义.     

随钻地震钻头震源波动方程的高频近似解法

由于几何光学法求解钻头震源波动方程的高频近似解有局限性,即在焦散区失效,故只能计算非焦散区的高频近似解.采用Maslov方法求解了波动方程在焦散区和非焦散区的高频近似解,并借此得到了钻头震源波动方程在三维空间中焦散区和非焦散区处处有效的高频近似解.研究结果表明,根据解得波动方程的数值解可绘出钻头震源波场图,可对钻头震源波场传播特性进行进一步的研究.     

运动粘滞大气中的耦合方程组解析解的新方法

由于声波在大气中传播特性处理的数学复杂性,求耦合方程组解析解的工作已很少见.本文首次将NMA(Normal Mode Analysis)和同伦分析方法(HAM,Homotopy Analysis Method)相结合对考虑风和粘滞因素的耦合方程组进行解析解的求解.首先由基本控制方程推导了运动粘滞大气中的耦合方程组,通过匀质无风的耦合方程组,对声波在大气中衰减特性和相速度进行了分析,之后利用NMA对其进行了解析解求解,并将其作为初始近似,利用同伦分析方法对有风、粘滞分层大气中的耦合方程组进行了三阶近似解析解的求解,最后进行了数值模拟.结果表明,由于多种大气要素的影响,随着传播距离的增加,声压峰值越小,且频率越大衰减越快,因此风和粘滞特性是影响近地面声波传播特性的重要因素.     

非线性球形脉冲波在焦点的传播与干扰

在小初值的条件下,讨论了半线性波动方程组脉冲波解的性质,利用非线性几何光学的方法,证明非线性几何光学给出的解在焦点附近是有效的.描述了脉冲波的传播和干扰以及干扰后新脉冲波的产生情况.通过微分变换,利用球形对称性将波动方程组化为一阶双曲型方程,得到一阶近似解所满足的方程组.分析脉冲波在各个特征线方向的传播情况,得到近似解的一致有界性.对误差方程的解进行有效估计,得到近似解在焦点附近的较好的渐近性态.     

波在非均匀媒质中传播时的解

该文从声场方程出发推导出波在非均匀媒质中传播时的波动方程,并利用WKB近似法得出声波在空气中传播时波函数的表达形式,为研究声波在非均匀媒质中的传播提供了一种近似解。     

随钻地震钻头震源波动方程的高频近似解法

由于几何光学法求解钻头震源波动方程的高频近似解有局限性，即在焦散区失效，故只能计算非焦散区的高频近似解．采用Maslov方法求解了波动方程在焦散区和非焦散区的高频近似解，并借此得到了钻头震源波动方程在三维空间中焦散区和非焦散区处处有效的高频近似解．研究结果表明，根据解得波动方程的数值解可绘出钻头震源波场图，可对钻头震源波扬传播特性进行进一步的研究．     

修正的Kortewey-de Vries方程的孤子解

利用一维波动方程的解具有行波解形式的特解的特点,给出行波解的形式.通过变量替换,再引入双曲正切函数作为独立变量,并利用双曲正切函数其独特的微分特性,给出1组变换,将修正的Kortewey-de Vries方程简化为常微分方程,由此得出它的解.此解可作为物理学中非线性方程的实例.尽管不是所有的非线性波动方程都可以用此法来处理,但它缩短了线性和非线性波动理论之间的距离.     

运动大气中的耦合方程组同伦分析解析解

近地面声波传播特性受到大气温度、密度、风场特性等大气要素的影响。解析解能够很好地展现声波传播过程中各扰动量的演变过程,且计算量较小。因此,从运动大气的耦合方程组出发,利用推导的声压方程求得点单极子声源的解析解,以此作为初始值,对均匀风场和梯度风场的耦合方程组进行三阶同伦分析近似解求解,对均匀风场和梯度风场进行数值模拟,结果表明,对于相同的点声源,均匀风场和梯度风场的声压传播特性是不同的。     

一类广义非线性耗散超弹性杆波动方程孤波解的条件稳定性

研究了一类广义非线性耗散超弹性杆波动方程的孤波解在Lyapunov意义下的条件稳定性.首先,在假设微小扰动具有行波形式且满足一定条件的情况下,得到了相应扰动方程的通解;其次,讨论了不同参数条件下微扰解的敛散性及其Lyapunov特征指数,据此证明了方程的精确孤波解具有条件稳定性,并得到了孤立波稳定的条件.这些条件是系统参数和初始条件之间的关系,即方程孤波解的稳定性敏感依赖于系统参数和初始条件.     

第三类边界条件一维波动问题解法

求解第三类边界条件波动、输运定解问题时,本征值方程总是超越代数方程,手工无法求解.而且本征函数序列不是周期函数序列,理论上定解问题不能严格求解.利用Mathematica编程,可以快速得到这类问题的近似解,而且近似解完全满足应用需要.以一维波动定解问题为例,展示第三类边界条件定解问题的求解思路和技巧.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.