基于规则的专家系统诊断问题求解的一种模型

本文试图通过引进外推推理来克服基于规则的专家系统的不足,并为演绎推理和外推推理寻求一种一致的解释和理论基础.在讨论了规则的因果模型解释后,本文提出了诊断问题求解的最佳蕴含模型和基于该模型的循环生成-测试的推理方法.     

采用定性坐标的位置表达及主方向关系推理

针对现有的位置关系表达模型均面向点对象,提出了定性直角坐标的概念,基于此概念提出了一种平面区域对象位置关系表达模型,该模型通过记录主对象与参考对象的定性位置区域的交集是否为空,由此构造位置矩阵来表达区域对象间的位置关系,从而较好地反映了对象的形状及对象间的空间布局,可有效地表达区域对象间的位置关系,并通过定性坐标将方向和距离关系有机地结合在一起形成统一的表达和推理模型.为了提高主方向关系推理的精度,基于该模型又提出了一个主方向关系推理算法,并对其正确性进行了验证.理论分析和实例验证的结果表明,该算法降低了推理的不确定性,提高了推理的精度.     

行为规划语言在问题求解方法中的应用

针对传统编程编写的代码可扩展性差的问题, 引进一种声明式编程方法, 利用行为语言 C+进行问题表 征与求解。 以经典的倒水问题为例, 利用 C+语言进行主体规则以及目标查询表征, 通过调用求解器 cplus2asp 实现对倒水动作规划。 实验证明, 用 C+语言进行编程, 语法简单且求解过程具有自主推理能力, 并且可任意 增添或删减语句而不影响其他语句执行, 具有很高的扩展性。     

基于规划识别的主体协作

以共享规划主体协作理论为基础,提出了基于规划识别的主体协作模式,本方法将根据协作主体的行动和偏好,对协作主体的行动规划进行识别．规划识别过程是一个双向的推理过程,正向推理从主体的意图出发,给出初始规划假设的集合;反向推理从协作主体已经采取的行动出发,通过溯因推理进一步对规划假设进行识别．与共享规划模型比较,本方法在不增加通信的前提下将更好地避免协作主体间的冲突．     

基于树元组的函数依赖推理规则

对M．Arenas等人提出的基于树元组的XFD定义及相关概念进行了介绍。在这种XFD定义的基础上研究了XML的推理规则和逻辑蕴涵问题，提出了一组推理规则集并证明了推理规则的正确性和完备性，给出了求解路径闭包算法和成员籍算法。     

基于案例和规则的混合推理机制及其应用

提出一种基于案例和规则的混合推理机制求解产品概念设计方案.通过案例匹配方式寻求方案设计结果,在相似度达不到要求的情况下转入规则推理进行修正设计.针对案例推理中案例检索的准确度和效率低下等问题,采用粗糙集理论对产品已有的案例库进行处理,得到案例特征属性的真实权重,提高了案例检索准确度;运用层次聚类和K-means聚类相结合的混合聚类算法对案例库中的案例进行聚类并形成索引,提高了案例检索效率.通过摩托车概念设计应用实例验证了该文方法的可行性和有效性.     

面向工程设计的知识处理关键技术

通过对工程设计过程的分析,提出了面向工程设计系统中产品层次建模的基本方法,研究了面向工程设计的知识处理技术:采用基于对象-规则的方法进行工程设计产品的知识表示;综合运用前向和后向推理,进行目标搜索和求解;建立了基于逻辑式的规则表示和推理,提高了规则知识的表示能力;建立了基于广义表的函数运算语言,提高了工程设计理论和经验公式的集成能力.开发了相应的软件系统,可集成于工程设计系统中,提高其知识处理能力.     

产品配置设计中知识库的研究

目的 为有效地进行产品配置设计过程中使用的各种设计知识、方法和案例,需要构建产品设计知识库.方法 构建基于SmarTeam平台的知识库引擎,采用实例推理和规则推理相结合的方法,实现知识的智能检索和问题求解.提出了主要采用复合知识表示(框架/规则)方法和模糊知识表示方法建立机械产品的配置设计知识库.结果 通过配置设计知识规则的建立和表达,实现了配置设计知识的统一表达.结论 有效地支持了配置问题的快速求解和柔性配置设计的快速实现.     

中医诊断专家系统中融合案例与模糊规则的推理机制研究

阐述了基于案例的推理和基于规则的推理的基本概念和原理,结合中医领域知识的特点,对传统的规则通过引入模糊逻辑,提出一种模糊规则推理机制进行知识的表示、获取和推理,并提出一种融合案例与模糊规则的推理机制,用于解决中医诊断专家系统的实际问题.     

桥梁承载能力状态评估的模糊神经网络推理方法

在综合现有的状态评估理论方法的基础上,提出了基于层次分析的承载能力状态评估模型.结合模糊理论和神经网络技术,建立了一套基于监测信息输入的模糊神经网络推理系统框架,并利用模糊规则生成的规则库作为神经网络训练和学习的样本.利用实例验证了采用此智能评估技术进行承载能力状态评估的可行性和实用性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.