石沟驿地区下二叠统烃源岩特征研究

综合运用有机岩石学、有机地球化学等方法,以井下暗色泥岩的分析资料为主,研究和分析了鄂尔多斯盆地西缘石沟驿地区下二叠统烃源岩的有机质生烃特征和沉积环境。研究结果表明：太原组、山西组暗色泥岩和煤为二叠系主要的烃源岩层系,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,早二叠系烃源岩已不同程度地进入成熟—高成熟阶段。     

吐鲁番拗陷二叠系—三叠系烃源岩研究

以地表剖面暗色泥岩的有机地球化学分析资料为主，结合部分井下烃源岩样品分析数据，研究了吐鲁番拗陷二叠系－三叠系暗色泥岩的有机质丰度、有机质类型及有机质成熟度特征，并分析了控制烃源岩生烃条件的影响因素。     

吐鲁番拗陷二叠系─三叠系烃源岩研究

以地表剖面暗色泥岩的有机地球化学分析资料为主，结合部分井下烃源岩样品分析数据，研究了吐鲁番拗陷二叠系－三叠系暗色泥岩的有机质丰度、有机质类型及有机质成熟度特征，并分析了控制烃源岩生烃条件的影响因素。     

吉木萨尔凹陷吉174井二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩地球化学特征

通过对准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷吉174井二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩进行有机地球化学分析,研究了源岩有机质的丰度、类型和成熟度,并初步评价了其生烃潜力。研究结果表明,吉174井二叠系芦草沟组泥岩类有机质丰度达到了好-最好烃源岩标准。有机质以II型为主,有机质热演化进入成熟演化阶段。因此,吉174井二叠系芦草沟组泥岩类为一套优质的烃源岩,其生烃潜力大,是该区二叠系芦草沟组致密油的供给者。     

皖南沿江地区海相烃源岩特征研究

目的为皖南沿江地区海相地层的油气勘探提供依据。方法综合运用有机岩石学、热解分析及有机地球化学等方法,详细研究了皖南沿江地区海相烃源岩的有机质生烃特征,并进行了油气勘探评价选区。结果研究区发育下古生界、二叠系、下三叠统3套主力海相烃源岩,其中下古生界、二叠系烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅱ—Ⅲ型为主,有机质丰度高,热演化程度较高,油气勘探应主要以找气为主;下三叠统烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅱ型为主,有机质丰度较低,但烃源岩厚度巨大,热演化阶段适中,可作为勘探远景目标。结论皖南沿江盆地群海相烃源岩具有良好的油气生成条件,是油气勘探的有利地区。     

准噶尔盆地乌伦古坳陷中南部石炭系烃源岩生烃潜力分析

目前已在准噶尔盆地乌伦古坳陷石炭系、二叠系、三叠系和侏罗系等发现了工业油气流或油气显示,这些油气主要来源于石炭系烃源岩。但目前研究区石炭系有效烃源岩分布及生烃演化特征不清楚。笔者对比分析了研究区石炭系不同层段、不同岩性类型烃源岩的生烃潜力和热演化特征。结果表明：巴塔玛依内山组凝灰质泥岩、泥岩和姜巴斯套组炭质泥岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅱ2—Ⅲ型为主,处于成熟—过成熟演化阶段,具有倾气性特征。综合应用地球化学实验数据得出姜巴斯套组烃源岩都是有效气源岩,而目前钻井揭示巴塔玛依内山组烃源岩成熟度偏低,未能达到有效气源岩的标准。通过系统对比研究区与滴水泉凹陷石炭系烃源岩地球化学参数,认识到两地区具有高度相似性。可见准噶尔盆地乌伦古坳陷中南部石炭系姜巴斯套组是一套极具潜力的烃源岩,为下一步油气勘探指明方向。     

黄河口凹陷古近系烃源岩的地球化学特征

渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷古近系发育有3套烃源岩,分别是沙三段、沙一至二段和东三段湖相烃源岩.3套烃源岩在整个凹陷内都有分布,岩性以灰色、深灰色、灰黑色以及黑色的泥岩和油页岩为主.沙三段和沙一至二段烃源岩有机质丰度高,有机质类型好,以ⅡA型和ⅡB型为主,有机质正处于生烃的高峰阶段,这2套烃源岩是黄河口凹陷最有利的烃源岩.     

富黄探区延长组烃源岩评价与油源对比

针对富黄“新”探区烃源岩生烃潜力以及区内含油层系的石油来源问题,采用有机岩石学和地球化学的手段 和方法进行了深入研究。研究结果表明：富黄探区长7 烃源岩有机质丰度高,有机质类型以I- II1 型为主,有机质成 熟度高,为好烃源岩;长6 烃源岩有机质类型以III -II2 为主,次为I -II2 型,有机质成熟-高成熟,为中等-好烃源 岩;长4+5 烃源岩有机质丰度中等-高,有机质类型以III 型为主,次为II2 型,有机质低熟-成熟,为非-差烃源岩。 长4+5、长6 原油性质相近,为陆相淡水湖泊成因的中等成熟油;长4+5、长6 和长7 烃源岩对长4+5 和长6 油藏均有 贡献,但长7 烃源岩贡献最大,长4+5 暗色泥岩的贡献较小。研究区三叠系长7 烃源岩的发现,拓展了鄂尔多斯盆地 延长组长7 有限烃源岩的分布范围,对指导油田的下一步勘探具有重要意义。     

彩南探区二叠系平地泉组烃源岩展布与潜力评价

二叠系平地泉组是准噶尔盆地东部最好也是最主要的生油岩,但目前对于平地泉组烃源岩在彩南探区的具体展布情况研究较少,且各凹陷烃源岩的生烃潜力也需进一步分析。通过连井剖面对比分析、烃源岩热解资料评价以及生烃强度研究,明确了平地泉组烃源岩在研究区周缘凹陷的分布特征以及不同凹陷烃源岩的生烃潜力差异。结果表明:五彩湾凹陷平地泉组烃源岩厚度可达400 m且有机质丰度最高;研究区有机质类型整体以Ⅱ型为主,少数为Ⅰ型;各凹陷烃源岩均进入成熟阶段。综合评价生烃潜力认为,五彩湾凹陷平地泉组烃源岩生烃强度最高,达到形成商业油气聚集的级别;东道海子和阜康凹陷平地泉组烃源岩虽生烃潜力总体上不及五彩湾凹陷,但仍然具有一定的供油和供气能力。     

哈山地区烃源岩地球化学特征及油源对比

准噶尔盆地哈山地区发育有石炭系、二叠系、侏罗系等多套优质烃源岩,这使得确定各套含油层系原油的来源和油气成藏模式存在一定困难。在对研究区烃源岩评价的基础上,对烃源岩和原油样品的生物标志化合物特征进行对比分析,确定主要的烃源层。油源对比分析结果表明,侏罗系储层中原油来源分为两类:第Ⅰ类来源于二叠系烃源岩;第Ⅱ类主要来源于侏罗系暗色泥岩,可能混有少量来自二叠系的烃源油。二叠系储层中原油来源于二叠系本身烃源岩;石炭系储层中原油也来源于二叠系烃源岩。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the