自润滑Ni-P-PTFE化学复合镀工艺及镀层性能

研究了Ni-P-PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)复合镀层的制备工艺,筛选出氟碳类阳离子表面活性剂FC4和非离子表面活性剂FC10,该混合表面活性剂使得粒子具有很好的分散性和悬浮性．在此基础上研究了不同PTFE含量对镀速及镀层性能的影响．结果表明,随着PTFE浓度提高,镀速下降,复合镀层中的粒子含量增加,镀层的硬度相应减小,其耐蚀性也有所下降．而PTFE粒子对Ni-P的晶化温度基本没有影响,摩擦磨损试验表明,该复合镀层与GCr15对磨其摩擦系数低至0．1,具有良好的自润滑效果,而且耐磨性也较Ni-P镀层好。     

化学镀Fe-Zn镀层的显微硬度实验研究

在制得Fe-Zn合金镀层的基础上,研究二元非晶态Fe-Zn合金的显微硬度随镀液中的ZnSO4/（ZnSO4＋FeSO4）的比值、热处理温度及镀层结构的变化关系。结果显示,随着镀层中Zn含量的增加,镀层的显微硬度先增加后减小,在ZnSO4/（ZnSO4＋FeSO4）比值为0.47时达到最大值。在热处理过程中,非晶态镀层在400℃开始晶化,此时镀层的显微硬度出现峰值。     

Ni-P-PTFE复合化学沉积的研究

研究了PTFE添加量及热处理温度对镀层性能的影响,研究结果表明:使用阳离子与非离子混合表面活性剂对PTFE微粒进行预处理,可提高PTFE在镀液中的润湿和分散能力,使之较易与镍离子一起共沉积;经高温热处理后的复合镀层的硬度及耐磨性有明显提高,且其耐磨性优于一般Ni-P镀层。X射线衍射实验结果证明:镀层硬度的提高是热处理使复合镀层晶化所致。     

化学镀Ni-Mo-P纳米晶镀层腐蚀性能研究

通过化学镀获得了混晶(非晶+微晶)和纳米晶态两种结构的Ni-Mo-P合金镀层,并将混晶态镀层进行晶化处理得到一种单相和一种双相的纳米晶镀层。通过阳极极化曲线分析了各镀层在5%H2SO4溶液的耐蚀性能并与Ni-P镀层进行对比,结果发现,镀态Ni-Mo-P纳米晶镀层的耐蚀性能优于镀态Ni-P纳米晶镀层;经退火处理后获得的两种纳米晶镀层的耐蚀性能比镀态混晶和纳米晶镀层均要好;同时还发现退火处理获得的Ni-Mo-P双相（Ni+Ni3P）纳米晶镀层与退火处理后获得的Ni-Mo-P单相(Ni)纳米晶镀层的耐蚀性能相当。     

化学镀Ni-Mo-P纳米晶镀层的耐蚀性能

通过化学镀获得了混晶(非晶+微晶)和纳米晶态两种结构的Ni-Mo-P合金镀层,并对混晶态镀层进行了不同的晶化处理,得到单相和双相的纳米晶镀层各一种.通过阳极极化曲线分析了各镀层在5%H2SO4溶液中的耐蚀性能,并与Ni-P镀层进行对比,发现镀态Ni-Mo-P纳米晶镀层的耐蚀性能优于镀态Ni-P纳米晶镀层,混晶镀层经退火处理后获得的两种纳米晶镀层的耐蚀性能均优于镀态混晶和纳米晶镀层,同时还发现退火处理获得的Ni-Mo-P双相(Ni+Ni3P)纳米晶镀层与退火处理后获得的Ni-Mo-P单相(Ni)纳米晶镀层的耐蚀性能相当.     

45#钢表面Ni-P-nano-SiC复合化学镀层的制备

在优化设计的化学镀基础镀液中通过添加不同含量的纳米SiC颗粒,研究在45#钢表面制备具有纳米SiC颗粒增强的复合镀层及形成机理.利用SEM,XRD和显微硬度计等方法对实验样品的组织结构、形貌、显微硬度及其镀层形成机理进行了研究,结果表明:实验制备的Ni-P,Ni-P-SiC镀层镀态时硬度分别为572 HV,649 HV,热处理后其表面硬度在400℃时达到最大值1 045 HV和1 341 HV.纳米SiC颗粒在镀液中不参与化学反应,只是与化学反应所产生的Ni和P共同沉积在镀层中起到了复合强化的作用.Ni-P-nano-SiC镀层的生长机理是按层状方式生长,生长方向垂直于钢基体表面.纳米SiC提...     

Ni-P-金刚石化学复合镀层的抗氧化性能

研究了Ni-P化学镀层和Ni-P金刚石化学复合镀层在不同温度下的抗氧化性能 .结果表明 ,经 6 0 0℃ ,1h热处理后两种镀层明显氧化 ,经 80 0℃ ,1h热处理后 ,氧化膜厚度达 5 μm左右 ,Ni-P镀层在 80 0℃下的氧化增重小于 70 0℃ ;Ni-P -金刚石复合镀层的抗氧化能力低于Ni -P镀层 ,其原因是复合粒子的加入降低了生成氧化膜的平整性     

酸性镀液铝合金表面沉积Ni-Mo-P三元合金非晶镀层

采用酸性化学镀液在铝合金表面沉积Ni-Mo-P三元合金非晶镀层。利用透射电镜(TEM)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、能谱(EDS)等现代分析手段,对镀层显微结构进行了表征,探讨了钼酸钠浓度和热处理对镀层纳米压痕硬度的影响。结果表明,镀态下,化学镀Ni-Mo-P三元合金镀层为致密非晶态镀层,镀层中Mo元素分布均匀,镀层与基体结合良好。热处理可促使非晶镀层晶化,产生Ni和Ni3P晶相,获得了纳米压痕硬度为15.12 GPa的最大值。     

化学复合镀RE-Ni-Mo-P-WC合金组织结构及性能研究

研究了化学复合镀RE-Ni-Mo-P-WC合金的结构和性能。发现加入稀土元素能使镀层表面的晶粒急剧细化,分散性大大加强,镀层结构由非晶态转化为晶态结构,镀层的耐蚀性略有下降,硬度随WC浓度增加而增加。钼酸钠浓度为0.05g/L并经过200℃热处理后,显微硬度增大。氧化膜的质量随温度的升高逐渐增加,但在600℃以下氧化温度对镀层增重不明显。     

工艺因素对脉冲电沉积Ni-P合金镀层组织及性能的影响

采用脉冲电沉积方法在Q235钢表面制备Ni-P合金镀层.通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察、显微硬度测试和沉积速率计算,探讨了脉冲频率、镀液温度和占空比等工艺因素对Ni-P合金镀层组织和性能的影响.结果表明:在脉冲频率1 500Hz、占空比0.2和镀液温度50℃的工艺条件下,可以获得沉积速率较快、显微硬度较高和组织细小均匀的高磷非晶态Ni-P合金镀层.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.