云存储系统中数据冗余策略优化问题

针对云存储系统现有冗余策略及其改进策略的不足, 提出一种将完全备份与改进的RS(Reed\|Solomon)纠删码结合的自适应数据冗余策略RIRS(Replication Improved RS)。该策略能根据具体应用环境调整参数以最大限度地优化系统性能。在参数调整使其退化成纯粹的完全备份方法条件下, 提出一个动态副本管理优化模型DRMO（Dynamic Replication Management Optimized）对其进行改进。实现副本数和副本位置的动态调整。分析表明, RIRS充分融合了完全备份和纠删码冗余的优势, 能节省存储空间, 降低访问时延并提高系统的可靠性和稳定性。在此基础上提出的DRMO能在满足数据有效性要求的同时, 进一步节省存储空间并实现负载均衡。     

基于RS纠删码的HDFS云存储动态副本策略研究

目前多数云存储文件系统为保证其系统可靠性和性能所采用的静态完全副本冗余机制存在存储效率低、负载均衡能力差等缺点,为了提高云存储效率以及优化云存储的负载均衡能力,该文根据应用HDFS的经验,提出一种基于RS纠删码的云存储动态副本的冗余策略-SeaMaiden. SeaMaiden引入了副本调整模块和纠删码编解码模块,通过周期性的计算文件的热度,进而动态调整文件的副本数.当文件的副本数低于3时,则调用纠删码编解码模块对文件进行编码,提升文件的可靠性.当文件的热度级别上升时,则动态增加文件副本数,提升HDFS的负载均衡能力.通过实验证明SeaMaiden 能有效提高HDFS的存储效率、可靠性及响应速度.     

大数据存储中的容错关键技术综述

不断增长的海量数据需要被可靠存储,而分布式存储系统庞大的节点规模和数据规模,大大提升了发生节点失效的概率,容错技术成为大数据存储中不可忽视的关键技术.文中介绍了数据容错的两种基本策略：复制和纠删码,并分别总结了将这两种容错策略具体应用于大数据存储时所面对的问题和相关解决技术,如与基于复制的容错技术相关的副本系数设置、副本放置策略、副本一致性策略、副本修复策略和纠删码领域的再生码技术等.     

MassCloud云存储系统构架及可靠性机制

为了解决分布式存储系统的存储容量、可靠性以及效率问题,首先提出了高可靠性海量云存储系统MassCloud的分层体系结构,并在此构架的基础上提出了基于纠删码机制的快速编解码算法--双表法,以及基于纠删码、副本冗余和RAID技术相结合的MasseCloud可靠性保证策略,并且进行了测试与分析.结果表明:双表法具有较高的编解...     

基于纠删码的低时延卫星时隙ALOHA接入方式

对时隙ALOHA(slotted ALOHA,SA)进行卫星接入的冲突问题进行分析,提出了一种基于纠删码的时隙ALOHA接入方式.该方式将突发数据等分并以包为单位编码,使生成的编码包序列能够通过纠删功能恢复冲突数据包,以实现容忍时隙冲突、缩短接入时延的目的.针对编码策略选取的问题,研究了定长编码策略和喷泉码策略对接入性能的影响.仿真结果表明,基于纠删码ALOHA能有效改善用户接入的时延性能,且喷泉码策略和定长编码相比,性能更为优良.     

一种改进的Hadoop数据放置策略

采用现有的Hadoop默认数据放置策略时,若本地数据副本失效,从远程结点上恢复数据需要耗费大量数据传输时间,且随机选取数据放置结点可能会影响数据放置的负载均衡.为此,文中提出一种改进的数据放置策略.该策略基于结点网络距离与数据负载计算每个结点的调度评价值,据此选择一个最佳的远程数据副本的放置结点,从而既能实现数据放置的负载均衡,又能实现良好的数据传输性能.在Hadoop平台上实现了所提出的数据副本放置改进策略,结果表明,与系统默认策略相比,文中提出的策略不仅可以改进数据放置的负载均衡,而且可以减少数据副本放置的时间.     

分布式存储中的再生码综述

分布式存储系统中通过引入冗余提高系统的可靠性,纠删码作为重要的冗余策略在分布式存储中得到越来越多的重视.分布式存储系统中,当某个存储节点失效后,需要引入新的节点来修复失效节点的数据.传统纠删码冗余策略在修复失效节点时需要传输的数据量较大近年来出现的再生码对传统纠删码进行改进以减少修复失效节点的带宽消耗.再生码引入网络编码的思想,在修复失效节点时,参与修复过程的节点首先将本节点内的数据作线性组合后再上传,最终修复带宽消耗最小 介绍了再生码的基本概念,然后介绍单节点修复再生码和合作修复再生码的编码策略,最后总结再生码的发展和研究方向     

基于分片聚合编码的云存储策略的研究

针对HDFS采用的完全复制存储方案会占据较多的存储空间,且对数据的恶意窃取和攻击缺少防御措施,提出了基于分片聚合编码的HDFS数据存储策略,其中采用STAR码对数据进行编码处理,产生编码数据片,然后通过聚合操作将每个数据段中位置相同的数据片聚合组成一个存储数据块,实现了HDFS文件的存储.模拟实验表明基于分片聚合编码的文件存储策略相比原HDFS存储方案在数据分布方面更安全有效.     

基于分片聚合编码的云存储策略的研究

针对HDFS采用的完全复制存储方案会占据较多的存储空间,且对数据的恶意窃取和攻击缺少防御措施,提出了基于分片聚合编码的HDFS数据存储策略,其中采用STAR码对数据进行编码处理,产生编码数据片,然后通过聚合操作将每个数据段中位置相同的数据片聚合组成一个存储数据块,实现了HDFS文件的存储.模拟实验表明基于分片聚合编码的文件存储策略相比原HDFS存储方案在数据分布方面更安全有效.     

一种副本复制和纠错码融合的云存储文件系统容错机制

在云存储技术中,云存储文件系统的数据容错十分重要,直接关系到整个系统的可用性。该文通过对有中心的分布式文件系统进行分析,提出了双机热备的元数据管理节点容错技术和块副本与基于纠删编解码算法相结合的存储节点容错技术,为云存储文件系统设计了双重保险的容错机制。实验结果表明,该机制大大提高了云存储系统的可靠性,并提高了磁盘空间利用率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-