n次幂变厚度环形超声聚能器径向振动特性

对剖面厚度按n次幂函数变化的环形超声聚能器的径向振动特性进行研究.基于机电类比原理,推导出环形聚能器的径向振动机电等效电路及其径向共振频率方程,给出了聚能器的位移振幅放大系数表达式,探讨了第1、2阶共振聚能器位移振幅放大系数及共振频率与其半径比的关系.计算表明,聚能器基频随半径比增大而降低,而第2阶共振频率随半径比变化存在1个极小值.此外,振幅放大系数随幂次n增高而增大,第2阶共振具有更高的振幅放大系数.有限元仿真结果与理论相吻合.     

幂函数剖面环形超声聚能器的振动特性及其仿真分析

对剖面厚度按幂函数变化的环形超声聚能器的径向振动特性进行了理论分析.基于机电类比原理,推导出环形聚能器径向振动的机电等效电路及其共振频率方程,给出了其位移振幅放大系数的表达式;探讨了聚能器第一、第二阶共振聚能器位移振幅放大系数及共振频率与其半径比的关系.计算表明:聚能器基频随半径比增大而降低;而第二阶共振频率随半径比变化存在一极小值.此外,振幅放大系数随幂次n增高而增大;第二阶共振具有更高的振幅放大系数.有限元仿真结果与理论吻合.     

径向复合功率合成超声振动系统

对径向复合功率合成超声振动系统进行了研究.该系统由纵向超声换能器与变厚度剖面圆盘径向耦合而成.基于机电类比原理,推导出系统的楔形剖面圆盘径向振动等效电路及其共振频率方程,并得出其位移振幅放大系数的表达式,给出其第1、第2阶径向共振模式下振幅放大系数与其半径比的关系;探讨了圆盘振子第1、第2阶径向共振频率随其半径比的变化关系.理论及有限元结果表明：圆盘的位移振幅放大系数存在一个极大值,其第2阶共振模式比基频具有更大的振幅放大系数.对合成系统的共振频率进行测试,结果表明,理论与实验结果吻合较好.     

径向开槽薄圆环振子径向振动分析

为研究径向开槽圆环的径向振动特性,基于机电类比原理,建立了开槽圆环的径向振动等效电路,并得出其共振频率方程,探讨了圆环第1、第2阶共振频率及振幅放大系数与其半径比的关系.结果表明:圆环第1阶共振时振幅放大系数随半径比的增大而增大,第2阶共振时振幅放大系数随半径比的增大而下降;其共振频率随半径比的增大而单调上升;理论与有限元数值仿真结果基本一致.     

径-扭复合模式超声功率合成振动系统仿真分析

为提高超声复合振动系统的功率,提出了一种径-扭模式转换型超声椭圆振动功率合成系统.该系统由一组纵向振动夹心式压电超声换能器与锥形剖面斜缝式圆环径向复合而成.采用有限元方法对斜缝式圆环的径-扭复合振动特性进行了研究.结果表明:圆环第1、2阶共振频率随斜缝角度、缝数及缝长的增大而降低;其第1阶共振频率随缝位置的增大而增大,而第2阶共振频率随缝位置的增大先升高后降低.设计制作了实验样机,并对其径-扭共振频率及径-扭复合共振椭圆运动轨迹进行了测试,结果显示,仿真与实验结果比较一致.     

阶梯形截面环行聚能器扭转振动

对各向同性弹性薄圆环的扭转振动进行研究,给出了其等效电路.在此基础上,对由双金属圆环组成的阶梯形扭转振动聚能器进行了探讨,推出了其扭转振动的复合等效电路及其共振频率方程及角速度放大系数.利用数值方法分析了共振频率以及位移振幅放大系数与其集合尺寸之间的依赖关系.有限元模态分析表明:理论值与仿真值符合很好,这对阶梯形截面环状聚能器的工程设计具有参考价值.     

锥形剖面环形聚能器径向振动等效电路研究

基于机电类比原理，给出了锥形剖面薄圆环形聚能器的轴对称径向振动等效电路，由等效电路得出了其径向共振频率方程．采用静电激振法，测量了两个锥度分别为6．30和11．3。的环形聚能器径向共振基频，并进行了仿真，理论结果与实测数据符合较好．这对利用等效电路分析变厚度环形聚能器的径向振动及工程设计具有一定参考价值．     

幂函数剖面薄圆环振子的扭转振动特性

对剖面厚度按幂函数变化的薄圆环振子的扭转振动进行了理论分析,导出了其等效电路;进而由等效电路得出了扭转振动频率方程及共振频率表达式;探讨了环形振子第1、第2阶共振频率及角位移放大系数与其半径比的关系;给出了薄圆环振子第1、第2阶共振频率及放大系数与其半径比的拟合关系曲线．通过有限元（FEM）模态的分析,表明理论结果与FEM仿真结果吻合,对环形扭转振子的工程设计具有参考价值．     

大功率径向振动压电超声换能器

对一种大功率径向复合圆管压电超声换能器的径向振动特性进行了研究.依据机电类比原理,推出了换能器的径向振动等效电路及共振频率方程;探讨了换能器的第1、第2阶共振频率和有效机电耦合系数与压电陶瓷元件位置的关系;实验测量了换能器的径向共振频率.结果表明,换能器径向共振频率的理论值与实测值符合较好.     

斜缝式变厚度环形振子径-扭复合振动特性仿真分析

采用有限元数值仿真方法对变厚度斜缝式环形振子的径-扭复合振动特性进行了研究;探讨了振子的共振频率及质点扭-径位移比与斜缝长度和斜角之间的关系;通过施加正弦载荷激励,得出了振子内表面质点的椭圆轨迹图.研究表明:斜缝式变厚度环形振子的第1阶共振频率随斜缝径向长度及斜角的增大而降低;而其质点扭-径位移比随斜缝径向长度及斜角的增大而增大;随着斜缝径向长度及斜角的增大,径向位移减小,而周向位移增加,模态分析与瞬态分析结果相一致.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.