钢制试件拉伸断裂及疲劳开裂声发射特征分析

设计钢制试件拉伸断裂和疲劳开裂两种损伤过程的声发射监测试验,对采集到的声发射信号进行参数分析,结合红外热成像检测结果,研究声发射信号特征参数与试验过程中试件力学行为之间的相关性.研究结果表明:拉伸断裂和疲劳开裂过程中试件声发射信号的能量、振铃计数、幅值等声发射信号特征参数能够很好地表征试件损伤过程的力学性能演化规律;试件出现损伤时所发出的声发射信号能量幅值主要分布在65～80 dB;声发射技术用于工程结构的健康监测是可行和有效的.     

工程陶瓷破坏与增韧的声发射研究

针对陶瓷材料在受载破坏过程中会产生大量的声发射信号的问题,应用声发射(AE)研究了95%氧化铝(Al₂O₃)陶瓷和15%氧化锆增韧氧化铝(ZTA)陶瓷压缩加载下的破坏过程. 通过时域抽取快速傅里叶变换(DIT-FFT)技术给出了陶瓷破坏过程的频谱图. 实验分析了两种陶瓷的声发射波形图、频谱图、撞击数和信号幅值,研究结果表明,声发射方法可以更直观地描述增韧效果,颗粒增韧陶瓷断裂时产生的声发射信号具有更高的幅值和更低的频率.     

水泥土无侧限压缩的声发射信号特性研究

为研究水泥土在无侧限压缩过程中的声发射信号特性,利用声发射技术对水泥土的无侧限压缩过程进行全程监测。通过对水泥土力学特性参数进行分析,得到水泥土在无侧限压缩下应力随时间的变化过程大致分为四个阶段;同时运用声发射特性参数分析法对水泥土试件的声发射信号参数经历图和分布图进行分析,得出水泥土压缩过程中各声发射特性参数也大致分为四个阶段,每个阶段与力学特性参数各阶段基本相一致;通过对声发射信号特征参数的四个通道分析和对比各通道传感器处试件受破坏后的试验实图,验证了声发射信号参数能准确反映材料的破坏程度,为以后用声发射技术预报、检测结构破坏过程和破坏程度提供了依据。     

基于神经网络的轧辊偏心信号辨识方法

针对轧辊偏心信号具有周期性的特点,以及快速傅里叶变换(FFT)算法无法建立精确数学模型的缺陷,提出一种基于FFT算法的神经网络轧辊偏心信号辨识方法。该方法采用FFT算法估计轧辊偏心信号的频率,用神经网络计算得出信号的幅值和相角。仿真实验证明:利用神经网络辨识方法得到的模型幅值和相角,与FFT算法相比更接近真实值,从而证明了该方法的合理性和有效性。     

混凝土材料声发射参数与力学参数及其损伤程度的关系

根据声发射数和应力水平关系,进一步分析推导出了声发射概率密度的函数表达式,并通过对混凝土进行单轴压缩室内声发射试验研究,应用声发射概率密度函数分析比较了材料在不同应力水平下的破坏程度.通过引入损伤变量新算法即损伤变量大小为声发射概率曲线下方包围面积大小,在以声发射数为中间变量的基础上推导出近似梯形积分公式,直接建立起损伤变量与声发射数之间的函数关系;并通过对各试验曲线拟合得出损伤变量和声发射数之间满足线性关系.     

水泥土无侧限压缩的声发射信号特性

为研究水泥土在无侧限压缩过程中的声发射信号特性,利用声发射技术对水泥土的无侧限压缩过程进行全程监测。通过对水泥土力学特性参数进行分析,得到水泥土在无侧限压缩下应力随时间的变化过程大致分为四个阶段;同时运用声发射特性参数分析法对水泥土试件的声发射信号参数经历图和分布图进行分析,得出水泥土压缩过程中各声发射特性参数也大致分为四个阶段,每个阶段与力学特性参数各阶段基本相一致。通过对声发射信号特征参数的四个通道分析和对比各通道传感器处试件受破坏后的试验实图,验证了声发射信号参数能准确反映材料的破坏程度,为以后用声发射技术预报、检测结构破坏过程和破坏程度提供了依据。     

基于AE对预应力钢筋砼梁损伤试验分析

为了探究预应力钢筋混凝土梁损伤与其声发射信号之间的关系,利用声发射技术对预应力钢筋混凝土梁损伤过程进行监测。通过三点弯曲试验,采集到预应力钢筋混凝土梁损伤的实时声发射信号数据。分析不同荷载下声发射信号幅值与上升时间的参数分布图,并对比加载过程试件梁的裂缝变化,发现不同信号幅值分布与混凝土梁的损伤类型具有很好的相关性,可以演化试件梁的损伤过程,其中高幅值信号的集聚意味着宏观裂缝的出现。此外,通过ISA信号强度准则的计算,对预应力钢筋砼梁损伤程度做出了定性评价。     

单轴压力下岩爆倾向岩石的声发射特征

在电液伺服刚性试验机上,对某矿一种具有岩爆倾向的岩石进行声发射研究,得出了声发射参数与岩石应力-应变曲线对应关系.声发射数统计和声发射波形频谱分析结果表明在加载过程中,应力达到一定水平时声发射数发生突跳,声发射频谱由低频向高频发展,到一定应力水平后基本保持稳定,能量由低频向高频集中,声发射突跳点与主频转换点应力水平基本一致,这对硬岩矿山岩爆预报有一定的指导意义.     

基于某隧道岩石Kaiser效应测试及区域应力场数值分析

用美国产MTS815程控伺服岩石刚性试验机和AE210声发射测试系统,对6个不同方向的隧道主洞定向砂岩样进行单轴压缩试验;同时测定岩样在受压过程中产生的声发射信号。通过能量累计(对数)、振铃计数、荷载与到达时间的关系图,导入CAD,综合选定6个方向Kaiser效应点。根据弹性力学理论基础,用工程Maple软件计算出3个主应力的大小和方向。为了验证该方法选取特征点计算结果的可靠性,用有限元Phase软件对工程区区域构造应力场特征进行数值分析。结果表明:试验测试值与应力数值模拟值较相近,说明声发射试验结果可靠;并得出该隧道现代地应力场基本应力值为14.48 MPa,应力场方向为EW向,此结果对隧道设计和施工有十分重要的意义。     

深部灰岩劈裂破坏的声发射损伤表征

开展深部岩石的损伤破裂信息识别研究对岩体稳定性监测预警具有重要的指导意义。通过开展深部灰岩巴西劈裂声发射试验,分析了试验采集到的声发射实测全波形演化特征,在信号频域内提取了波形的主频,在时域内计算了特征参数的RA-AF值。研究结果表明:通过声发射实测全波形,可将岩石损伤过程细分为微损伤萌生阶段,裂纹扩展阶段和结构破坏阶段;低幅值波形多为连续型信号,高幅值波形则多为突发型信号;声发射频谱结构与损伤量及损伤程度密切相关,主频具有聚类分布特征,能够对应岩石微观及宏观破坏;基于声发射主频划分的RA-AF分界线,促进了声发射信号表征岩石破裂模式由定性分析向定量分析的转变。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to